THE ECONOMY OF AUSTRALIA




КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №1

Вариант №1

I. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а. Показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола Present Indefinite;

б. Признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в. Показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

 

1. Children like to play computer games.

2. Му brother wants to go to Disney's Center.

3. These people are looking for new jobs.

II. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. Seminar system is common in many universities.

2. Energy growth in this region is really impressive.

3. John is а newspaper reporter in New York.

III. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1. What is the name of the biggest port in the USA?

2. The island of Great Britain is smaller than Greenland.

3. The more money you earn, the more prestigious your job is

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений.

1. I want to say some words to your sister.

2. She has no mistake in her test.

3. Do we have any chalk on the blackboard?

V. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив.

1. As the office where he works at is the nearest to his house, he walks there.

2. He spent last summer in the country.

3. When will you leave home tomorrow?

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык текст. Письменно переведите 5-й абзац.

Пояснения к тексту

the wealthy — богатые;

to feel out of place — чувствовать себя не в своей тарелке;

 

FLORIDA: AMERICA'S VACATIONLAND

1. Walt Disney World, near Orlando, Florida, lets experience it all: the past, the present, the future, and world's fantasy. In Disney's Magic Kingdom, you can go to Main Street, USA, a town from around 1900, whose theatre shows only silent films. You can travel through space on Space Mountain like astronauts. You can, of course, also see characters from Disney movies and even have dinner at Cinderella Castle.

2. But Florida is much more than Walt Disney World. At Cape Canaveral, you can go to the Kennedy Space Center and four buildings where vehicles are assembled and astronauts are trained. Palm Beach is the space for those who prefer polo. In general, Palm Beach is the place for the wealthy. Visitors needn't feel out of place, though. St. Augustine, founded by Spaniards, is the oldest city in the United States. To go through its old section, San Augustine Antiguo, you must walk or take a horse-drawn carriage.

3. In addition to its millions of visitors, Florida has many people who come to stay. More than half of all Floridians were born somewhere else. Florida is one of the fastest-growing states. Who are these new Floridians?

4. First of all many Cubans settled in Miami after the Cuban Revolution. Then there are many retired people, especially from the North-eastern and Midwestern states. For years their jobs tied them to cold northern winters. Now they can relax in the Florida sun. In Florida there are many social clubs, apartments, and even entire communities that are only for older people. Almost 20 percent of Florida population is 65 years or older.

5. But other people move to Florida precisely because of their jobs. Florida has a rapidly growing economy. From 1980 to 1985, for example, the number of jobs in Florida increased by 25 percent. Florida now produces not only oranges and grapefruit, but communications and aerospace equipment. The new jobs have brought younger families to Florida.

 

VII. Прочитайте вопрос к тексту. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Why do many retired people move to Florida?

1. because they like the climate.

2. because they were immigrants.

3. because they want to find a job


 

Вариант №2

I. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а. Показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола Present Indefinite;

б. Признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в. Показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

 

1. Who wants an ice-cream?

2. I've got three sisters.

3. I rarely see Peter these days.

II. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. It was a fine autumn day.

2. This grammar rule is difficult to understand.

3. This BBC radio announcer has a very pleasant voice.

III. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1. Is Tokyo much noisier than London?

2. What building is the tallest in the world?

3. The more cars there are in the street, the more polluted the city is.

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений.

1. You don't need any money to see his performance.

2. There is no time left.

3. I've got some books on history.

V. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив.

1. Nurses look after patients in hospital.

2. The police stopped me on my way home last night.

3. When will you go to see your relatives?

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык текст. Письменно переведите 3-й абзац.

 

Пояснения к тексту

can be divided into – может быть разделен

to have a reputation for being bit dull — иметь репутацию довольно скучного места

although also farmed — хотя так же является пахотной землей

to be considered - считаться

 

THE MIDWEST

1.The Midwest is a large, economically important region. Twelve states belong to the Midwest—Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Kansas. The region contains major industrial cities and much of America's farmland.

2. Geographically, the Midwest can be divided into three smaller regions. The northern Great Lakes area has many hills, lakes, and forests. South of that is the prairie area, which is flat and has good soil for farming. To the west is the Great Plains area, which, although also farmed, is far drier than the prairie.

3. According to an old joke, the first-prize winner on a TV game show got a one-week vacation in the Midwest while the second-prize winner got a two-week vacation there. Compared to other regions of the country, the Midwest has a reputation for being a bit dull. On the other hand the Americans often say: "New England is New England", "the South is the South", "California is California", "But the Midwest America".

4. The Midwest seems less "different" than the other regions precisely because it is America's center, its heartland, It is America's center in many ways. First of all the Midwest is America's geographical center. The exact middle point of the United States falls in Smith County, Kansas.

5. The Midwest is also the center of American agriculture and industry. Traditional American values are associated most strongly with the Midwest - especially with its many small towns. These values focus on family, hard work, church, and community. The Midwest is also in the political middle, People tend to be conservative but not extremely so.

6. Even when it comes to accepts, the Midwest is considered the "real American thing". Television and radio announcers from elsewhere in the country work hard to get rid of their regional accents and to speak English as the inhabitants of the Midwest speak it.

 

VII. Прочитайте вопрос к тексту. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What do traditional American values focus on?

1) on family, military power, church, and community.

2) on family, hard work, wealth, and community.

3) on family, hard work, church, and community


 

Вариант №3

I. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а. Показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола Present Indefinite;

б. Признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в. Показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

 

1. He speaks fluent English and a little Russian.

2. My brother's director went on business.

3. They often send me interesting magazines from London

II. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. He received permission to change home market prices.

2. We must pay attention to tourists’ life insurance.

3. Russia and China have concluded a trade agreement.

III. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1. The bus will not carry many more than forty people.

2. The icebreaker is equipped with all the latest navigation instruments.

3. The less we eat the better we feel.

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений.

1. Can anyone help me to clear the mess?

2. None of us knew about it.

3. He shared everything with his roommates in the hostel

V. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив.

1. The manager asked the customer to fill in a form.

2. They offer their services at a lower price than other firms.

3. She'll take part in our competition.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык текст. Письменно переведите 2-й абзац.

 

Пояснения к тексту

D.C. – District of Columbia

 

THE NATION'S CAPITAL

1. With its grand neoclassical buildings and its tree-lined avenues, Washington, D.C. strikes the visitors as a lonely and formal city.

2. Washington, one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the United States with the area of 68 square miles, the population of about 607,000, the motto Justicial Omnibus (Justice for All), has one major business, and that business is government. The executive departments (Treasure, Agriculture, Education, etc.) are located in Washington. Many of the people who liv in Washington work for the federal government.

3. In the very centre of the city there rises the huge dome of the Capitol - a big white dome standing on a circle of pillars. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation's affairs. It's easy to get lost inthis huge building, full of paintings and statues.

4. Not far from the Capitol there is the Library of Congress, the largest library in the United States. It contains more than 13 million books, more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of the US presidents.

5. When you are in Washington you can tour the White House, at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, the official residence of the US President. You won't be able to see the President at work in the Oval Office; White House offices, as well as living quarters, are closed to the public. However, if you visit Capitol Hill, you might be able to see some important members of the other two branches of government: The Supreme Court has a public gallery, as the Senate and the House of Representatives.

6. You will see no skyscrapers in Washington, because they would hide the city's many monuments from view. In fact, no building may be more than 40 metres tall.

 

VII. Прочитайте вопрос к тексту. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Whom will you be able to see when touring Capitol Hill?

1) The US President.

2) members of the Senate.

3) librarians of the Library of Congress

 

 


 

Вариант №4

I. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а. Показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола Present Indefinite;

б. Признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в. Показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

 

1. My sister likes adventures books very much.

2. He meets the electors every month.

3. We received the expert's conclusion.

 

II. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. Our bank lends long-term credits.

2. The accountant will check all profit and loss accounts.

3. Head of the group showed us the departure lounge.

III. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, содержащие разные формы сравнения прилагательных.

1. The nearest exchange office is around the comer.

2. The longer I look at this picture the more I like it.

3. Jim works harder than Tom, but earns less.

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределённых и отрицательных местоимений.

1. I haven't any information from my business partner.

2. He left some files on that table.

3. Nobody believes in that method.

V. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив.

1. The negotiations ended last week.

2. They will take English lessons twice a week.

3. I usually work in this room.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык текст. Письменно переведите 2-й абзац.

Пояснения к тексту

thrillseeker – искатель приключений

honeymooners – молодожены

 

 

THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION

1. The Mid-Atlantic Region includes six states (New-York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland. Pennsylvania, and West Virginia) and is by no means uniform: geographically, historically, and economically, the Mid-Atlantic states are quite different from one another. New York borders on Canada and has cold winters; Maryland has much in common with the American South.

2. The Mid-Atlantic Region plays an important role in the United States. Its cities include Washington, D.C., the national capital, and New York City, the nation's financial centre. Not surprisingly, the Mid-Atlantic region is densely populated: although the region is relatively small, nearly one in every ten Americans lives there.

3. New York is also a state. The Hudson River was once very important for commerce. In 1825, when the Erie Canal opened, the Hudson became the main link between the East of the United States and the growing Midwest. This made New York City, at the mouth of the Hudson, the nation's most important port.

4. But, even when it was commercially important, the Hudson River with its fogs and mists, its green banks, and with mountaintops in the distance- was above all romantic, mysterious and beautiful river. Its beauty inspired not only writers like Washington Irving, but also America's first group of painters, who became known as the Hudson River School.

5. Niagara Falls, spectacular and beautiful, has always been especially popular with two kinds of visitors: thrillseekers and honeymooners. Each year many people visit from either the American side or the Canadian side. A boat called Maid of the Mist will take you right out to the falls.

 

VII. Прочитайте вопрос к тексту. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What is the name of a boat which takes tourists to Niagara Falls?


 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2

Вариант №1

I. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Выпишите из каждого предложения глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и глагол. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а. 1. We haven't seen the centre of your town yet. We've just come.

2. The first people on the American continent were coming from Asia.

 

б. 1. The British culture was a foundation on which America was built.

2. The Canadian economy is based on abundant natural resources.

II. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Выпишите Participle I (причастие настоящего времени) и Participle II (причастие прошедшего времени) и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола – сказуемого.

1. When playing and watching favourite sports most. Americans enjoy themselves.

2. Despite some "bad" movies, many wonderful and internationally successful movies are produced in the US.

3. The rapid spread of videotaped movies, watched nightly.by millions of people in their homes, has made this form of entertainment very popular,

4. At holiday time our family is flying to Florida to see our relatives.

III. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык; определите в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.

1. Jane was feeling ill' last night so she had to leave the party early.

2. He is to meet the arriving delegation at the station at 5.

3. Do you really think, I should apply for the job?

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык следующие придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

1. After you go another 50 metres, you'll see a path to your left.

2. I'll show you the new magazines when you have some free time.

3. If he goes shopping he`ll buy something to eat.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык текст. Письменно переведите 1-й абзац.

Пояснение к тексту

to collapse - обваливаться, потерпеть крах

challenge - возникшая проблема

 

THE ECONOMY OF THE USA

1. The United States economy is based on the free enterprise system. Private businesses compete against one another with relatively little interference from the government. Until the second half of the last century, the US was mainly an agricultural nation. The Civil War (1861— 1865) helped stimulate industry. In the years that followed, industrialization transformed the country.

2. In the 1950s and 1960s, the US economy grew rapidly. Many companies moved to the South and Southwest, and these areas experienced change and growth. Then, in the mid-1970s, economic growth began to slow down.

3. Just as there had been a shift from agriculture to industry, there is now a shift from industry to services. (Services are provided by hospitals, banks, law firms, hotels and restaurants, and so on.) In recent years, most new jobs have been service jobs.

4. The USA is rich in natural resources, It is a leading producer fuel and different minerals. The United States grows wheat, corn, and other crops and raises many cows, pigs, and chickens. However, the USA is also a major consumer of resources.

5. Not surprisingly, international trade is important to the United States. Major exports include machinery* high-technology equipment, chemicals, cars, aircrafts, and grains. Major imports include machinery and telecommunications equipment, oil, cars, metals, and chemicals.

6. Today, the USA faces some major economic challenges. One of them is increasing its productivity in order to increase the rate of economic growth. Another challenge, as the country shifts from manufacturing to services, is to train people to fill new kinds of jobs.

 

VI. Прочитайте вопрос к тексту. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер слова, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

In what direction does the country move nowadays?

1. agriculture

2. industry

3. services


 

Вариант №2

I. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Выпишите из каждого предложения глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и глагол. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а. 1. By the middle of the 1980-s the country had entered a longdrawn out period of crisis.

2. Socially and economically, Australia is still succeeding in its strategic location in Asia.

б. 1. Such ceremonies are still performed in many parts of Australia.

2. The process of social change for aboriginal people was accelerated by World War Il.

II. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Выпишите Participle I (причастие настоящего времени) и Participle II (причастие прошедшего времени) и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола – сказуемого.

1. Beginning in the 1820 s, the number of immigrants coming to the USA began to increase rapidly.

2. Faced with problems in Europe immigrants hoped for better opportunities in the USA.

3. Hispanics immigration has increased greatly in recent decades.

4. In 1960 s laws limiting immigration were changed.

III. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык; определите в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.

1. Indeed, a country 80% of whose exports consist of raw materials cannot count on success in the age of synthetic materials and high technologies.

2. The British had to manage the newly acquired territory.

3. You must pay the rent by Friday.

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык следующие придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

1. I won't give up before I have finished what I set up to do.

2. I`ll give you my address as soon as I find somewhere to live.

3. If Tom phones while I am out this evening, can you take a message for me?

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык текст. Письменно переведите 3-й абзац.

Пояснение к тексту

to rake for granted – считать само собой разумеющимся

 

THE ECONOMY OF CANADA

1. Canadians enjoy the high standard of living that major Western countries are accustomed to and take for granted. But income and employment has fallen over the past 10 years. Today nearly half the work force is women and the majority of households have two incomes, often by necessity.

2. The Canadian economy is based, as it always has been, on abundant natural resources. These natural riches include fish, timber and wood products, minerals, natural gas, oil and hydroelectricity. The agricultural sector, primarily in wheat and barley, accounts for much of the Canadian export total.

3. Manufacturing has long been a weak component of the economy and today employs just 14% of the country's workers. The most important manufactured product is motor vehicles. Hi-technology industries and developers in the space and computer fields are recent additions to this area but remain small.

4. The largest part of the economy is in services which includes an enormous civil service. Banking, insurance, education, communication and consulting bring in foreign exchange.

5. The country's major trading partner is the USA although business people are strengthening ties to Japan, China and other countries of the East. Mexico is also becoming a major trading partner.

6. Canada has an immense, 'underground economy'. Many transaction are done 'under the table' meaning paid for in cash with no bills, receipts, written guarantees, or paperwork generated that leads to tax saving. Obviously, the government has a bit of a problem but solutions are difficult to find.

 

VI. Прочитайте 2-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер слова, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What accounts for the Canadian export mostly?

1. fuel

2. agriculture

3. industry


 

Вариант №3

I. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Выпишите из каждого предложения глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и глагол. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а. 1. Tasmania's isolation has helped preserve its rich colonial heritage.

2. During the 1830-s the number of free settlers was increasing.

б. 1. In 1851 the colony of Victoria was formed and separated from New South Wales.

2. Tasmania's population is concentrated mainly on the north and south east coasts.

II. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Выпишите Participle I (причастие настоящего времени) и Participle II (причастие прошедшего времени) и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола – сказуемого.

1. In 1870 the area became part of the region known as the Northwest Territories.

2. Australia's aboriginal people were tribal, living in extended family groups or clans.

3. Being a principle centre of state government and culture, Sydney the chief commercial industrial centre.

4. The Northen Territory was, formerly, administered by New South Wales and then by South Australia.

III. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык; определите в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.

1. Slaves were able to survive because they developed a strong culture of their own.

2. Slaves had to work long hours in the fields.

3. I think the government should do more to help homeless people.

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык следующие придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

1. There will be less traffic problems if a new road is built.

2. He will be released from prison after he has served 3 years.

3. I won't speak to her until she apologises

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык текст. Письменно переведите 1-й абзац.

THE ECONOMY OF AUSTRALIA

1. Australia is a relatively affluent, industrialised nation but much of its wealth still comes from agriculture and mining. It has a small domestic market and its manufacturing sector is comparatively weak. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of the population is employed in manufacturing.

2. Sheep farming was the first form of agriculture developed in Australia. Wool remains the biggest source of income accounting for five billion Australian dollars. It is followed by coal (approximately the same value), gold (2.5 billion Australi4n dollars), meat (2 billion) and wheat (1,8 billion). Wool, beaf, wheat, dairy products, and minerals account for about 88/0 of Australian exports. Nation is selfsufficient in food, Wheat? timber and many kinds of fruit are grown, wine is produced." Major mineral deposits include coal' lead, copper, iron ore, gold, silver, tin and uranium. Some big discoveries were made during the 1960s.

3. The application of the postwar technology to the mining industry and the growing demand for metals needed for the US huge armaments industry caused a boom in the Australian economy. By the 1970s Australia had become the leading supplier of lead, and now it leads the world in output of lead and zinc, and has opened up major deposits of other natural resources.

4. A consequence of this boom has been a huge inflow of foreign capital, principally from the United States, Japan, and Britain. One of the features of the socio-economic development in Australia is that key areas of the economy are dominated by foreign capital. Of the 200 biggest companies in the manufacturing industry 87 are under foreign capital control: 34 American, 44 British and EEC, and 9 from other countries.

 

VI. Ответьте письменно на вопрос к тексту.

Which natural resources play a leading role in the economy of the country?


 

Вариант №4

I. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Выпишите из каждого предложения глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и глагол. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а. 1. The American family has changed greatly in the last 20 years.

2. Young people are waiting longer before getting married nowadays.

б. 1. High school children are often involved in non-academic activities.

2. Each side won a few battles and in 1814 a draw was declared.

II. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Выпишите Participle I (причастие настоящего времени) и Participle II (причастие прошедшего времени) и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола – сказуемого.

1. Canada is a young country with people working to forge a distinct national identity.

2. The Native Indians had come from Asia, across the Bering Strait, after the last great Ice Age —e about 15, 000 years ago.

3. Recorded Canadian history is full of dramatic stories.

4. This method of running business when used gives good results.

III. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык; определите в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.

1. Schools may be public or private.

2. He had to help his father as much as he could.

3. He has now recovered from his injury and is able to drive again.

IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык следующие придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

1. I'll come straight back home after I do the shopping.

2. It's raining hard. We'll get wet if we go out.

3. When she hears the result she will be overjoyed.

V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык текст. Письменно переведите 2-й абзац.



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