Работа над разговорной темой «Railways of the World»
I. Как построить рассказ о железных дорогах мира на английском языке.
В качестве вступления следует использовать фразу:
I’d like to tell you a few words about railways of the world.
1. Прежде всего, следует сказать о протяженности мировой сети железных дорог, назвать количество железных дорог в мире и представить страны, имеющие основные железные дороги. Необходимые лексические единицы:
the world meshwork of railways – мировая сеть железных дорог
to measure in length – насчитывать в длину, иметь протяженность
the major railways – главные железные дороги
2. Затем следует отметить объем грузовых и пассажирских перевозок, выполняемых главными железными дорогами мира, отмечая некоторые особенности. Необходимые лексические единицы:
freight traffic – грузовые перевозки
passenger traffic – пассажирские перевозки
freight carriers – перевозчики грузов
passenger carriers – перевозчики пассажиров
differences – различия
to carry large volumes – перевозить большие объемы
insignificant – незначительный, несущественный
3. Необходимо остановиться на структурной организации железных дорог в различных странах. Необходимые лексические единицы:
Ministries – министерства
State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) – государственные предприятия
independent corporations – независимые корпорации, акционерные компании
concessioned – концессионный, льготный
franchised – субсидируемый государством
4. Следует уделить часть рассказа информированию о железных дорогах одной из англоязычных стран. Необходимые лексические единицы:
railway network – сеть железных дорог
the densest – самый интенсивный
high-speed rail – скоростной путь
5. Закончить рассказ о железных дорогах мира следует предложением о роли этого вида транспорта в современном мире.
Необходимые лексические единицы:
destination – место назначения
safely – безопасно
improving – улучшение
compatibility – совместимость
sustainable – стабильный, надежный
pooling the knowledge of – накапливая знание о чем-либо
II. Ответьте на вопросы:
| Вопросы | Ожидаемые ответы |
| 1. How much does the world meshwork of railways measure in length? How many countries of the world have railways? What are the major railways or railway groupings? | The world meshwork of railways measures 1.3 million km in length. Almost all of the countries of the world have railways. The major railways or railway groupings are China, Russia, India, Brazil, the European Union and North America. |
| 2. How many percent of the freight traffic do the major railways carry? What are differences between carriers in different countries? What country carries huge passenger numbers? What countries carry large volumes of freight? | These railways carry approximately 89% of the entire world railway freight traffic. There are some differences in volumes of freight and passenger traffic. Japan does. North America and Brazil do. |
| 3. What way are railways organized? Where are railways organized as Ministries? What is the structure of railways in the European Union and in Russia? | Railways are organized as Ministries, State Owned Enterprises and as independent corporations. Railways are organized as Ministries in China and in India. Most of the railways in the E.U. and in Russia are SOEs. |
| 4. What is most of the railway track in Great Britain managed by? What is typical for the railway of the UK? When was high-speed rail introduced in Great Britain? What was the first implementation of high speed rail in Great Britain? | Most of the railway track in Great Britain is managed by Network Rail. The UK has the 18th largest railway network in the world and remains one of the densest rail networks. It is one of the busiest railways in Europe. High-speed rail (above 124 mph) was first introduced in Great Britain in the 1970s by British Rail. The first implementation of high speed rail in regular passenger service in Great Britain was the Channel Tunnel Rail Link. |
| 5. What is the chief mission of railways? | The chief mission of railways is to transport many people and large volumes of freight safely to their destinations. |
III. Расскажите о железных дорогах мира, используя данные слова и выражения.
Railways of the World
I’d like to tell you a few words about railways of the world. The world meshwork of railways measures 1.3 million km in length. Almost all of the countries of the world have railways – approximately 101 by the World Bank’s count. The major railways or railway groupings are China, Russia, India, Brazil, the European Union (E.U.) and North America.
These railways carry approximately 89% of the entire world railway freight traffic. Many of the major freight carriers are also major passenger carriers, but there are some differences. Japan carries a relatively small volume of freight traffic but has huge passenger numbers. North America and Brazil carry large volumes of freight, but are insignificant in total passenger traffic.
Railways are organized as Ministries, State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and as independent corporations. There are only two remaining major railways that are still Ministries – China and India. The concessioned railways in Latin America and the franchised railways in the UK (and elsewhere in the E.U) are corporations under private management, as are the North American railways. Most of the railways in the E.U. and in Russia are SOEs.
Rail transport in Great Britain
The railway system in Great Britain is the oldest in the world. Most of the railway track is managed by Network Rail. Some railways in Great Britain are in the private sector, but they are subject to control by central government.
The United Kingdom is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC).
The UK has the 18th largest railway network in the world and remains one of the densest rail networks. It is one of the busiest railways in Europe.
High-speed rail (above 124 mph) was first introduced in Great Britain in the 1970s by British Rail. The first implementation of high speed rail up to 186 mph in regular passenger service in Great Britain was the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, when its first phase opened in 2003.
It should be noted that the chief mission of railways is to transport many people and large volumes of freight safely to their destinations. Improving the safety and environmental compatibility has become especially important nowadays. In order to create sustainable railways people need to promote new projects of safety and environment and to build a network pooling the knowledge of railways around the world.