УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫСТУДЕНТОВ ИНСТИТУТА строительства, транспорта и машиностроения
специальностей:
151900.62 Конструкторско-технологическое обеспечение машиностроительных производств
151001.65 Технология машиностроения
190600.62 Эксплуатация транспортно-технологических машин и комплексов
190600.68 Эксплуатация транспортно-технологических машин и комплексов
190601.65 Автомобили и автомобильное хозяйство
190603.65 Сервис транспортных и технологических машин и оборудования
190700.62 Технология транспортных процессов
190702.65 Организация и безопасность движения
Составитель Е.Л. Лисовина
Ставрополь
Английский язык: учебное пособие / сост.: Е.Л. Лисовина. – Ставрополь: Изд-во СКФУ, 2012. – с.
Пособие составлено в соответствии с Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом высшего профессионального образования, рабочим учебным планом и программой ивключает тексты и задания по темам занятий и литературу.
Пособие предназначено для развития речевой профессиональнойдеятельности на английском языке студентовинститута информационных технологий и телекоммуникаций для работы на практических занятиях, а также длявнеаудиторного чтения и СРС.
Пособие состоит из разделов, позволяющих осуществлять поэтапное, целенаправленное формирование языковых,речевых навыков и умений лексического и речевого материала, необходимого дляпрофессионально-направленного иноязычного чтения.
Составитель:
ст. преподаватель Е.Л. Лисовина
Рецензент:
канд. филол. наук, доцентЛ.М. Митрофаненко
UNIT I
What is engineering?
Before you start
1. Work with a partner. Make a list of words to describe engineering.
Reading
2. Read the headings of the paragraphs (1-4) below. Underline any new words and look them up in the dictionary. What do you think each paragraph will be about?
3. Read the paragraphs (1-4) below and check.
Engineering is everywhere
Almost everything we use in modern life is made by engineers. For example, if a manufacturer wants a faster car, a smaller personalstereo, or a better pen, they will ask a design engineer to find a practical solution.
Engineering is both theoretical and practical
Engineers use theory (ideas about engineering) to produce practical answers. The design solution must be of a reasonable price,safe, and reliable. A new idea that is expensive, dangerous, or doesn't always work is not a good solution.
Engineers use a method
Generally, engineers solve problems in a methodical way. Engineers:
1. define the problem;
2. design a solution;
3. test the solution;
4. evaluate the solution.
If the solution isn't right, the process is repeated. When a good solution is found, the next step is to:
5. communicate the solution.
Anyone can use engineering ideas
This method of problem-solving is useful in everyday life. For example, you can use the five steps next time you prepare for a test.
1. Define the problem: I want to pass my test next week.
2. Design a solution: I will study for three hours a day.
3. Test the solution: Study for three hours a day and take the test.
4. Evaluate the solution: Have I passed the test with a good mark?
Yes = a good solution. No = a bad solution, so think of a better one.
5. Communicate the solution: tell your friends about your test-passing technique.
4. Read the four paragraphs again and decide if the sentences (1-4)
below, are true (T) or false (F).
1. Lots of things are made by engineers. T/F
2. Engineering isn't practical. T/F
3. Engineers must think carefully. T/F
4. Only engineers can solve problems. T/F
Vocabulary
5. Match the underlined words from the text with the meanings (1-7)below.
1. plan 5. careful
2. say exactly 6. assess the success of
3. a businessman 7. normal
4. answer
Writing and Speaking
6. Read the paragraph headings again. Do you agree with them?
7. Work with a partner. Choose one of the problems below or your own problem. Solve it using the five steps. Make notes.
You want to go away for a weekend with your friends but your parents want you to study.
You want to buy a CD player but you haven't got any money.
8. Explain your problem and the solution to another pair of students.
9. Look at the four words you wrote to describe engineering at thebeginning of the unit. Do you want to change them?
UNIT II
The right person in the right job
Before you start
1. What sort of person are you? First, answer the questions below.Then compare your answers with the rest of the class. Do you all like the same things?
In your spare time, do you prefer:
· being alone or with other people?
· being inside or outside?
· being busy or relaxing?
· playing sport or watching television?
· wearing smart or casual clothes?
Reading
2. Read the text A job in Engineering. Put the main ideas (A-D) in the same order as they are in the text.
A. You need to think carefully about your personality.
В. There are lots of different jobs in engineering.
С. Think carefully about what you are interested in.
D. Engineering is a big subject.
A job in Engineering
1. There are lots of different types of engineering. The one thing they have in common is that they all use Maths and Science to improve industry and manufacturing. The whole science of engineering can be broadly divided into three main areas:
· civil engineering (buildings, roads, etc.)
· mechanical engineering (machines, including tool-making)
· electrical engineering (electricity, lighting, etc.)
2. Each of these three main area can be divided again into specialist subjects: civil engineering covers mining and bridge building, mechanical engineering covers aeronautical and automobile eengineering, electrical engineering covers electricity generation and wiring.
3. Clearly there is a big difference between building a road and designing a computer system so the best advice for students is:
·think carefully about which area of engineering interests you most. It is difficult to study if you are not interested - and you may do the job until you are 60 years old.
· think about what sort of person you are. Will you be happiest working in an office, in a factory, or outdoors? Do you mind getting dirty? Do you want to work with other people or alone? If you like wearing high heels and beautiful clothes, you may not be happy on a building site.
4. When you have decided which area you are interested in and thought realistically about what sort of person you are, then you can decide what sort of engineer you want to be.
3. Read the text again. Choose the correct words in italics to complete the sentences (1 -4) below.
1. Engineering is/isn't a small area.
2. Engineering is/isn't about Science and Maths.
3. Office buildings and bridges are/aren’t examples of civil engineering.
4. Tool- and machine-making are/ aren’t examples of electrical engineering.
Vocabulary
4. Look at the types of engineers (1 -5) below. First, underline any new words and check the meaning in the glossary or your dictionary. Then write whether the jobs are indoor or outdoor, and dirty or clean.
1. petroleum 2. sanitation 3. Textile 4. computer 5. chemical
Writing
5. Write your name and the type of engineer you want to be on a small piece of paper. Put your paper in a box and take out another student's paper. Write three questions to check if that person is choosing the right type of engineering.
Example: Mining engineer
· Do you like working indoors or outdoors?
· Do you mind getting dirty?
· Do you like going underground?
UNIT III
Your CV
Before you start
1. Have you ever had a part-time or work experience job? Tell your class:
-what your job was.
-how you got it.
Reading
2. Read the curriculum vitae (CV) quickly and choose the correct answers to the questions below.
1. What is a CV?
a. A description of someone's family, education, likes and dislikes.
b. A description of someone's education, work experience, and skills.
2. How is a CV arranged?
a. under headings
b. like a letter
3. Read the CV again and decide if the sentences (1-7) below are true(T) or false (F).
1. Gavin Alvarez lives in Cambridge.
2. He is a student at Cam College.
3. He passed his GCSEs in 2001.
4. He has had Saturday and holiday jobs since 2000.
5. He left Cam College in 2000.
6. He is quite good at languages.
7. He isn't interested in technology.
| NАМЕ | Gavin H Alvarez |
| ADDRESS | 26 Dryfield Road Cambridge CB2 2DS |
| TELEPHONE NUMBER | 01223 3268452 |
| E-MAIL ADDRESS | gavinhalvarez@btinternet.com |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 14 June 1984 |
| EDUCATION | |
| 1995-2000 | Graves High School for Boys Graves Avenue Cambridge CB3 4RG |
| 2000-2002 | College of Engineering and Technology Birch Road Cambridge CB6 7YT |
| QUALIFICATIONS | |
| GCSEs: English, Maths, General Science, Design and Technology. French, Spanish, Art, and History | |
| Level 1. Engineering and Technology foundation course | |
| Level 2. Computing course specializing in software development | |
| WORK EXPERIENCE | |
| AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2000 | Temporary job as IT assistant at Noms's Aeronautics, Cambridge. |
| OCTOBER 2000 - JUNE 2002 | Saturday and holiday job testing computer games at Sikompany, Cambridge. |
| OTHER INFORMATION | bi-lingual in Spanish and English; clean driving license |
| INTERESTS | developing computer games, member of college football team, photography, and playing the guitar |
| REFEREE | Ms Daisy Valentine (course tutor) Cam College of Engineering and Technology Birch Road Cambridge CB6 7YT |
4. Read these two advertisements. Which job is best for Gavin?
GAMES4U
wants young, dynamic people to develop the next generation of
computer software. Foreign languages an advantage. Send CV and
covering letter to...
BOOKS FOR STUDENTS
need two people aged 18-20 to work in their engineering and
technology department.
To apply, send CV and covering letter to...
Vocabulary
5. Read these phrases from the CV and the advertisements. Choose the correct meaning (a or b) of the words in italics.
1 .... a covering letter. ..
a. a letter to give more information
b. a letter to hide a CV
2. foreign languages an advantage...
a. it will help if you can speak a foreign language
b. it is essential that you can speak a foreign language
3. a clean driving license.
a. your license isn't dirty
b. you haven't done anything illegal in a car
6. Complete the table with words from the CV and the advertisements.
| noun/person developer specialist | verb to develop | noun/subject development |
| tester | ||
| engineer | ||
| technician |
Writing
7. Write your own CV in English using qualifications you already have or ones that you think you might get in the future. Use Gavin's CV as a model for your writing.
| Name | |
| Address | |
| Telephone number | |
| e-mail address | |
| Date of birth | |
| Education | |
| Qualifications | |
| Work experience | |
| Other information | |
| Interests | |
| Referee |
Unit IV
Find the Job That’s Right for You!
Before you start
1. Have you chosen the right profession? Why? Give reasons.
Reading
2. Read the text and decide which paragraph deals with a, b, c.
a) a success in choosing a right job
b) pieces of advice to be happy with a job
c) dependence of your job on personality type
Find the job that’s right for you!
1. Nearly 50% of all workers have jobs they aren’t happy with.
Don’t let this happen to you! If you want to find the right job, don’t rush to look through the ads in the newspaper. Instead, sit down and think about yourself. What kind of person are you? What makes you happy?
2. According to psychologist John Holland, there are six types of personalities. Nobody is just one type, but most people are mainly one type. For each type, there are certain jobs that might be right and others that are probably wrong.
The Realistic type is practical and likes working with machines and tools.
The Investigative type is curious and likes to learn, analyze situations, and solve problems.
The Artistic type is imaginative and likes to express himself/herself by creating art.
The Social type is friendly and likes helping or training other people.
The Enterprising type is outgoing and likes to persuade or lead other people.
The Conventional type is careful and likes to follow routines and keep track of details.
3. If you think about who you are, you can make the right job decision. Liz is a good example. Liz knew she wanted to dosomething for children. She thought she could help children as aschool counselor or a lawyer. She took counseling and law courses and hated them. After talking to a career counselor, she realized theproblem was that she’s an Artistic type. Liz studied film, and shenow produces children’s TV shows – and loves it.
3. Read the text again and decide if the sentences are true(T) orfalse(F).
1. Percentage of working people who are satisfied with theirjobs is equal to those who don’t like their jobs.
2. If a person looks for a job, he / she should look throughthe ads in a newspaper.
3. To make a right choice choosing a job it is necessary to know your personality.
4. Some jobs may not fit your personality.
5. Liz wanted to be a school counselor or a lawyer becauseshe belonged to the Social type.
6. Liz’s dream has come true – she does what she haswanted to do.
Vocabulary
4. Based on this information, check (√) the job you feel would not bea good choice for each personality type.
1. Artistic a) actor b) computer programmer
c) photographer d) songwriter
2. Conventional a) accountant b) bookkeeper
c) inventor d) secretary
3. Enterprising a) painter b) manager
c) politician d) salesperson
4. Investigative a) detective b) model
c) psychologist d) researcher
5. Realistic a) carpenter b) factory worker
c) mechanic d) reporter
6. Social a) doctor b) nurse
c) writer d) teacher
Speaking
5. Describe your personality type according to the information of thetext:
1. Which personality type are you most similar to?
2. What kind of jobs do you think fit your personality? You can finddifferent professions in the Supplement I.
Writing
4. Write a covering letter(letter of application).
Unit V
Wonders of the World
Before you start
1. In the 2nd century ВС a list of the most impressive and beautifulman-made objects in the world was made. These were called TheSeven Wonders of the World. Read the list of famous buildings usingthe transcription and try to find The Seven Wonders among them.
1. The Pharos, lighthouse of Alexandria
2. The Tomb of Mausolus
3. The Temple of Diana
4. Coliseum
5. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
6. The Pyramids of Egypt
7. London Tower Bridge
8. Stonehenge
9. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
10. The Colossus of Rhodes
Reading
2. Read the text and say in what way do modern wonders aredifferent from ancient wonders?
Wonders of the Modern World
1. Computers. They have already revolutionized the way welive and work. But it is early days for computers. We don’t knowhow much they are still changing the world. More computer wonders are yet to come.
2. Space Travel. Only a few years before men were walking onthe Moon, the reputable scientists declared that it was impossible.But in 1969 Neil Armstrong stepped out of his space capsule andmade his famous statement: 'That's one small step for a man, onegiant leap for mankind'.
3. Medical Science. Surely nothing has done more for thecomfort and happiness of mankind than the advance of medicalknowledge! How many millions of in your country, but you must agree that phenomenon which sees the population of Greece treble in summer,and which sends office workers and shop assistants to Spain, Turkey,or the Caribbean is a wonder of the world.
4. Holidays. Yes — holidays! In fact there have always been holidays — in ancient Rome there were more than 150 a year — buta holiday used to mean simply a day when you didn't work. Nowholidaymakers travel to all parts of the world. Perhaps you don't likeso many tourists in your country, but you must agree that aphenomenon which sees the population of Greece treble in summer,and which sends office workers and shop assistants to Spain, Turkey,or the Caribbean is a wonder of the world
5. The Olympic Games. It is true that the Olympic Games are now commercialized and there is greed and drug abuse. However, itis a competition in which every country in the world takes part. Everyfour years, for a brief moment, we see these countries come togetherin peace and friendship. We feel hope again for the future ofmankind.
6. Agriculture. In 1724, Jonathan Swift wrote, "Whoever makes two blades of grass or two ears of corn grow where only onegrew before serves mankind better than the whole race of politicians'.In Europe our farmers have done this. In 1709, whole villages inFrance died of hunger. Now, in Europe we can't eat all the food weproduce. If only the politicians could find a way to share it with thoseparts of the world where there is still famine.
7. We are still here. The last wonder of the modern world issimply that we are still here. We have bombs that could destroy theworld but we have not used them. This is surely the greatest wonderof all!
We don’t believe that today's wonders are similar in kind to thewonders of the Ancient World. They were all buildings and statues.In the last two centuries we have seen unprecedented technical andscientific achievements. These are surely our modern wonders.
Speaking
3. Here are seven more statements about wonders. Which statementgoes with which wonder?
a. Surgeons can perform the most amazing operations.
b. We see people from warring countries shake hands
с. Small children can program them, sometimes more easilythan adults!
d. No government dares to use such weapons.
e. Maybe visiting one country a day is not your idea of the bestway to see the world!
f. We produce enough to feed the world.
g. Progress in this area is slower now. Not as much money goesinto research as in the 1960s.
Unit VI
Smart Card
Before you start
1. Smart cards, robotics, and virtual reality are three areas ofcomputing where developments are taking place very fast. Work inpairs and try to add to these lists of current and possible futureapplications.
| Smart cards | Robotics | Virtual reality |
| Identification high-security access electronic money | welding cars repairing nuclear power plants bomb disposal | games virtual travel |
2. Work in two groups. Read your text on developments in computing,and make notes in the table below.
| Development | |
| Applications | |
| How soon? |
Text A
SMART CARDS
If your friend suddenly had an accident and was unconscious orincoherent, could you provide any information to an ambulancecrew? Would you know her blood type, her allergies, the prescriptiondrugs she takes? Probably not. Even family members may not havethis information, or be too distraught themselves to provide neededmedical information. Enter the MediCard, a plastic card that has anembedded chip containing all that patient information. Smallcomputers that can read the cards are installed in ambulances and inhospital emergency rooms. This system is working successfully in some communities. The biggest problem is making sure that peoplecarry their cards at all times.
Notes: distraught - потерявшийрассудок, обезумевший
Text B
ROBOTICS
One of the most important steps in computing technology in the coming years is likely to be a return to mechanical methods. Usingthe same process used to create chips, it's possible to fabricatemechanical parts - levers, gear wheels, and small motors.
The best known example of a micro-machine was created bySandia Laboratories in New Mexico in the US. It's a complete motordeveloping 50uW of power in one square millimetre - still a bit bigfor some of the micro-machines planned for the future.
What are micro-machines going to be used for? Obvious applications aresensors, gyros, and drug delivery. The idea is that amicro-machine could have a strain sensor or a gyroscopic attitudesensor and electronics built into a single chip-sized package. The ideaof using a micro-machine to deliver drugs is getting a bit closer tomore sci-fi applications. Only a step further is the idea of buildinginsect-sized robots that could do difficult jobs in very small places.
Swallowing an ant-sired machine to cure you or putting one inside some failed machinery seems like a really good idea!
Speaking and Writing
3. What kind of information would you encode in three followingsmart cards? Compare your answers with the other students in yourgroup.
1. A medical card 3. An identification card
2. A sport club membership card 4. An electronic wallet
4. W e have looked through The Seven Wonders of the World of thepast, present and several of the future. Write a short report on whatwonders of the world could be created in the near future.
Unit VII