1. In exchange for his life, Stela agreed to sing. It was the most beautiful music Di Silva had ever heard, a song that was going to bring the most powerful Mafia Family in the east to its knees (S. Sheldon).
2. With all the publicity you’re getting on this case, you’ll be a shoo-in to be nominated and then elected governor, Bobby. (S. Sheldon).
3. “What the hell do you think this is – a tea party?” (S. Sheldon).
4. “I’m terribly sorry, I –”
“I don’t give a damn whether you’re sorry. Don’t you ever be late again!”
(S. Sheldon)
5. “Is Stela still willing to be cross-examined?”
“Cross-examined? He’s a basket case! Scared out of his wits. He won’t take the stand again”. (S. Sheldon)
6. “Parker, your client is booked on bedpain.”
“My client is booked on what?”
“Bedpain. Burglary, with a Break, Enter, Dwelling, Person, Armed, Intent to kill, at Night. Get it?”
“Got it”. (S. Sheldon)
7. “See what I mean,” muttered Breasly. “Needs her bloody arse tanned.” (J. Fowles)
8. – Julia dear, will you marry me? Not immediately, I don’t mean. But when we’ve got our feet on the ladder… And you know I do like you most awfully. I mean, I’ve never met anyone who’s a patch on you.
(W.S. Maugham)
9. “Take my word for it, it won’t be long before they find out they’ve been sold a pup. He’s going to be a flop.” (W.S. Maugham)
10. “God, sorry about that lot. Will you be OK, hon?” whispered Magda, who knew how I was feeling. (H. Fielding)
11. “It’s ….” He broke down again. “It’s the thought of her going with that greasy beperfumed bouffant wop, and all my friends and colleagues of forty years saying ‘cheers’ to the pair of them and writing me off as history.” (H. Fielding)
12. The window of the Questura laboratory is garlanded with garlic to keep out evil spirits. With the last of his suspects visited and grilled to no effect, Pazzi stood at this window looking out on the dusty courtyard and despaired. (Th. Harris)
13. “When’s the diver coming up again?” he said.
“Not yet, sonny,” said the coast-guard. (D. du Maurier)
14. “I always wanted a Caddy. It cost me plenty, but it’s worth every nickel. Although I’ve had it now for eighteen months, I still get a bang out of it.” (J.H. Chase)
15. “I’m Tom Hackett. I don’t know if Jack ever mentioned me. He’s mentioned you to me often enough. I was passing and I wondered if the old sonofagun happened to be down here.” (J.H. Chase)
16. “There is a nice strip of beach not far from here,” he said, “Where boys and girls go for a little fun. I have a hide-out there and when I want a little extra money, I go down there and wit around. I’m not always lucky, of course, but the other night I was. I saw the wife of a well-known advertising magnate and a member of his staff having a work-out on the sands. It struck me this fella might be willing to part with a few bucks rather than have me call up his boss and tell him what had been going on. You’d be surprised at the number of suckers I catch in the course of a year this way. It helps quite a bit to increase my income.” (J.H. Chase)
17. “I’ll give to the end of the week to collect the dough. I’ll call you and tell you where to deliver it. Thirty thousand in cash.”
“I tell you I haven’t got it! Five is my top.”
“Be your age, buster. You can sell this bungalow. That’ll bring in fifteen thousand. She can raise some dough too. You want to get organized. This is a one-payment job. I’m not coming back for more.” (J.H. Chase)
18. He looked over his shoulder to see if anyone was listening, then leaning close and lowering his voice, he said: “Between friends, they have a roulette table upstairs. The table stakes are up to the ceiling. All the rest of the muck here is just a front. But keep it under your hat, friend. I’m doing you a favour, telling you.” (J.H. Chase)
19. I guessed she wouldn’t be talking like this if she hadn’t been three-quarters tight, but I was listening: listening as hard as I could.
(J.H. Chase)
20. “Okay. Get me to the Washington first then.”
“That’s the boy,” the driver said approvingly and swung off down a side street and increased his speed. “You a private dick?” (J.H. Chase)
21. “What’s that to you?” he growled. “Come to that: who are you? You’re not a cop, you’re not a newspaper man, and I’ll be damned if you are a shamus – just who the hell are you?” (J.H. Chase)
22. “Have you seen the sky today? It’s absolutely bloody gorgeous!”
(M. Gayle)
23. I told you, Helen’s in a coma. She’s never even going to know about it. If she croaks, you tell me, I come back to arrange the funeral. (M. Gabot)
Exercise III. Analyze the morphemic structure and the purpose of the occasional words in the following examples:
1. Julianenjoyed gambling on the futures market. Or at least he had done until recently, when he had begun to sustain heavy losses, outsmarted and outbid, outbought and outsold by a shadowy rival who seemed to second-guess his every thought. Poor Julian! (P. Jordan)
2. Whenever he met a great man he grovelled before him and my-lorded him as only a free-born Briton can do. (W.M. Thackeray)
3. To prove his case he cited some of the legendary events in which I’d supposedly been involved in my schooldays … and concluded with when I organized a policewoman kiss-o-gram for Mr. Frederick, my former teacher, to celebrate his fortieth birthday. (M. Gayle)
4. Just as I suspected it was dawning on him that I was employing the classic my-life’s-so-crap-I-don’t-want-to-moan-about-it-quite-yet diversionary questioning strategy, we reached our destination. (M. Gayle)
5. Even though it was only just after twelve the café was fairly packed, mainly with gaunt-looking studenty kids whose migratory path from Aston University’s campus to the city encompassed it. (M. Gayle)
6. “Last time I heard anything about your toings and froings you were living it up in Brighton, weren’t you?” (M. Gayle)
7. “My mum’s got a good memory for these things. Since your birthday and the-staying-out-all-night-without-telling-them episode I’ve had to walk on eggshells – especially with my mum.” (M. Gayle)
8. I told him I was going to go traveling and end up living in Australia with a Mel Gibson lookalike called Brad. (M. Gayle)
9. “I’m off to the bar,” said Gershwin, as he and I exchanged schoolboy smirks of the I-wouldn’t-like-to-be-him-right-now variety. (M. Gayle)
10. “Yes, indeedy,” said Gershwin. “And not only have I always wanted to be sexy but I’ve always wanted to fly a plane.” (M. Gayle)
11. “Careerwise, I think things have turned out pretty much the way I always thought they would.” (M. Gayle)
12. “And someone to slob out in front of the TV with for the rest of the evening so that I don’t feel alone in loserdom.” (M. Gayle)
13. “My suggestion is that if we’re going to do this, let’s just keep to the unusual – the I-never-thought- they ’d-be-doing-that-in-a-million-years ones.” (M. Gayle)
14. At ease with myself, thanks to the alcohol, I entered into conversation after conversation of the I-can’t-believe-it’s-you variety, the I-can’t-believe-how-bald-you-are variety, and the I-can’t-believe-you’re-not-in-prison-yet variety. (M. Gayle)
15. In your last e-mail you asked for some advice culled from my experience of the front line of thirtydom that might be useful to you as you turn twenty-five. (M. Gayle)
16. As long as he has enough money in his pocket to get a round in at the pub he’s a self-proclaimed ‘happy chappy.’ (M. Gayle)
17. Like all good office workers I have no intention of using it for a good half-hour and have started it up merely to state my intentions to the world that I will be working soonish. (M. Gayle)
18. You are a listening-to-serious-music-on-your-serious-hi-fi-on-your-serious-headphones-because-your-partner-won’t-let-you-play-it-loud- because-she’s-watching- EastEnders type of bloke. (M. Gayle)
19. All the Teen Scene staff are dressed as if they’re part of some impossibly trendy twentysomething secret army. (M. Gayle)
20. You know – that they’re not utter basket cases. Because the thing you have to remember about teenage girls is that, at the end of the day, they’re all only a few steps away from basket-casedom. (M. Gayle)
21. I haven’t bothered with music mags since I stopped going out with muso types. (M. Gayle)
22. The section needs a young, fresh, funky approach to agony-uncling.
(M. Gayle)
23. On a high I get in a round of drinks, and when I return some more girls from Femme have arrived and insist on being ‘Love Doctored.’
(M. Gayle)
24. It’s the whole girl-with-a-good-voice-acoustic-guitar-and-a-string-of-broken-relationships thing. But it’s done very well, Stella will love it.
(M. Gayle)
25. We both live in a world where everything that’s seen as important is to do with being the latest, the most fashionable, the most must-have.
(M. Gayle)
Exercise IV. Discriminate between different types of violation of phraseological units.
1. I always say beauty is only sin deep. (Saki)
2. It serves me right for putting all my eggs in one bastard. (D. Parker)
3. You can lead a boy to college, but you cannot make him think.
(E. Hubbard)
4. I stumbled back to the flat wondering if I could turn Rebecca into a buffalo and set her on fire without creating enough smoke to alert Scotland Yard. (H. Fielding).
5. The same thing is true of London, but in a less marked degree; there birds of a feather flock much less together. (W.S. Maugham)
6. Guide: “Quick! There is a leopard. Shoot him on the spot!”
Lord Dumbleigh: “Which spot? I say, be specific, my man.”
7. A man in the house is worth two in the street. (M. West)
8. A diplomat is a person who can tell you to go to Hell in such a way that you actually look forward to the trip. (Anonymous)
9. When I’m good, I’m very, very good, but when I’m bad, I’m better.
(M. West)
10. In any case, I packed my trunk fast and came up here. I thought I’d better see my bridges in flames behind me before I finished writing: to you. They are entirely reduced to ashes now. (J. Webster)
11. It was a joy to me the way he never knew when his leg had been pulled. (D. du Maurier)
12. I decided he must be the skeleton in the family cupboard. (D. du Maurier)
13. “The hotel is run by a Miss Dupont – Mademoiselle Dupont,” Carley explained. “But it seems she’s away in Brest for the day.”
“When the cat’s away,” Ma said. (H.E. Bates)
14. “Right first time,” she said. “Crazy. Mad. Mad as those hares.”
(H.E. Bates)
15. They seemed nearer, not only mentally, but physically, when they read, than when she was in his arms, and this was often, for they fell half into love almost from the first. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
16. “You were brought up to work – not especially to marry. Now you’ve found your first nut to crack and it’s a good nut – go ahead and put whatever happens down to experience.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
17. Dick got up to Zurich on less Achilles’ heels than would be necessary to equip a centipede. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
18. Wolf-like under his sheep’s clothing of long-staple Australian wool, he considered the world of pleasure – the incorruptible Mediterranean with sweet old dirt caked in the olives trees, the pleasant girl near Savona with a face as green and rose as the colour of an illuminated missal.
(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
19. “You’re the solid one, you do the work. It’s a case of hare and tortoise – and in my opinion the hare’s race is almost done.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
20. “Familiarity, I think, bred discontent.” (M. Gayle)
STYLISTIC SEMASIOLOGY
Exercise I. Indicate the type (trite or genuine) and the functions of hyperbole in the following examples:
1. My own business always bores me to death. I prefer other people’s.
(O. Wilde)
2. A small, flat-nosed Jew raised his large head and regarded me with two fine growths of hair which luxuriated in either nostril. After a moment I discovered his tiny eyes in the half-darkness. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
3. But evidently he was not addressing me, for he dropped my hand and covered Gatsby with his expressive nose. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
4. The evening had made me light-headed and happy; I think I walked into a deep sleep as I entered my front door. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
5. The flowers were unnecessary, for at two o’clock a greenhouse arrived from Gatsby’s, with innumerable receptacles to contain it.
(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
6. They had forgotten me, but Daisy glanced up and held out her hand; Gatsby didn’t know me now at all. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
7. Diana had changed into a black shirt and another long skirt, striped browns and a burnt orange; night and autumn, and done her hair up in a way that managed to seem both classically elegant and faintly disheveled. There was just a tiny air that she was out to kill; and she was succeeding. (J. Fowles)
8. “Deep down he’s just a rather lonely and frightened old man. I don’t think he’d paint anymore if I left. It would kill him. Perhaps even literally.”
(J. Fowles)
9. Next I quietly unlocked the door, looked both ways, slipped along the corridor, pushed open the door of Daniel’s bedroom and nearly jumped out of my skin. (H. Fielding)
10. “Mark,” I said. “If you ask me once more if I’ve read any good books lately I’m going to eat my head. Why don’t you ask me something else?” (H. Fielding)
11. “Anyone got a number for Joanna Trollope?”
There was a long pause. “Er, actually I have,” I said eventually, feeling walls of hate vibes coming from the grunge youths. (H. Fielding)
12. God, stock took bloody ages to do but worth it as will end up with over 2 gallons, frozen in ice-cube form and only cost 1.70 pounds. (H. Fielding)
13. Oh, God, feel awful: horrible sick acidic hangover and today is office disco lunch. Cannot go on. Am going to burst with pressure of unperformed Christmas tasks, like revision for finals. (H. Fielding)
14. “Now. Let. Me. See. D’you know? I think I’ll have a coffee. I’ve had so many cups of tea this morning up in Grafton Underwood with my husband Colin that I’m sick to death of tea…” (H. Fielding)
15. I shot off into loo. Unfortunately, in the dark of taxi, I had applied dark grey Mac eyeshadow to my cheeks instead of bluster: the sort of thing that could happen to anyone, obviously, as packaging identical. When came out of toilets, neatly scrubbed with coat handed in, stopped dead in tracks. Mark was talking to Rebecca. (H. Fielding)
16. They looked perfect together in their black tie. Black tie! As Jude said, was only because Rebecca wanted to show off her figure in Country Casuals gear and evening wear like Miss World entrant. Right on cue she went, “Shall we change into our swimwear now?” and tripped off to change, reappearing minutes later in an immaculately cut black swimsuit, legs up to the chandelier. (H. Fielding)
17. I gave a strangled cry, mind reeling. Surely it cannot be true that men have football instead of emotions? Realize football is exciting and binds nations together with common goals and hatreds but surely wholesale anguish, depression and mourning hours later is taking… (H. Fielding)
18. When Mark Darcy appeared at door lungs got in throat. (H. Fielding)
19. “She is a good woman. A woman of strong mind, good heart and enthusiasm, but maybe..”
“.. about 400 times too much, sometimes?”
“Yeah,” he said, laughing. Oh, my God, I hope it was just enthusiasm for life he was on about. (H. Fielding)
20. “Hello again,” said a manly voice as Harry started to scream once more. I turned round, dummy in mouth and sick all over hair to find Mark Darcy looking extremely puzzled. (H. Fielding)
21. Barbara: I shouldn’t be surprised. (angrily) They hang them at the drop of a hat in this country. (M. Brand)
22. This morning, I totally got even with him for coming in at one-twenty-three a.m. When he PROMISED, PROMISED, PROMISED he’d be home by midnight. At the LATEST. It was a test and he failed. Again. But instead of screaming at him when h got home, I ignored the whole thing but lay awake all night again, feeling like my head was going to explode, which I am sure it is, one of these days very soon. (C. Bushnell)
23. Now I will show you a quality you have that will help you: You are not blinded by tears, you have the onions to read on. (Th. Harris)
24. Mason Verger, nose less and lipless, with no soft tissue on his face, was all teeth, like a creature of the deep, deep ocean. (Th. Harris)
25. Julian was staring at him in disbelief. Was he trying to play some kind of joke on him? He searched the other man’s face, a slow sensation of sick realization creeping like death along his veins. This was no joke.
(P. Jordan)
26. I’d often cursed Kosti because he was so hard to wake. When we were at the mine I used to have to shake the life out of him to get him up in time to go to work. (W.S. Maugham)
27. You know, it tickles me to death to think that we’re living like quite rich people when really we’re absolutely broke. (W.S. Maugham)
28. If I let Gray have his way he’d spoil them to death. He’d let me starve, that great brute would, to feed the children on caviare and pate de foie gras. (W.S. Maugham)
29. “Are you quite comfortable in that chair?”
“As comfortable as I can be when my head’s giving me hell.”
(W.S. Maugham)
30. I was crazy about aviation. Uncle Bob knew some of the airmen, and when I said I wanted to learn to fly he said he’d fix it for me. I was tall for my age and when I was sixteen I could easily pass for eighteen. Uncle Bob made me promise to keep it a secret, because he knew everyone would be down on him like a ton of bricks for letting me go …
(W.S. Maugham)
Exercise II. In the following examples differentiate between hyperbole and understatement:
1. She had drunk a quantity of champagne, and during the course of her song she had decided, ineptly, that everything was very, very sad – she was not only singing, she was weeping too. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
2. I wasn’t actually in love, but I felt a sort of tender curiosity.
(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
3. “… I carry on a little business on the side, a sort of side line, you understand. And I thought that if you don’t make very much – you’re selling bonds, aren’t you, old sport?” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
4. “I’ve never met so many celebrities,” Daisy exclaimed. “I liked that man – what was his name? – with the sort of blue nose.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
5. The depression did not at first hit the Riviera badly. I heard of two or three people who had lost a good deal, many villas remained closed for the winter and several were put up for sale. The hotels were far from full and the Casino at Monte Carlo complained that the season was poor. (W.S. Maugham)
6. Instead of wanting to staple things to her head, I merely smiled in a beatific sort of way, thinking how soon all these things were to be immaterial to me, alongside caring for another tiny human being.
(H. Fielding)
7. Marriage is a sort of forcing house. It brings strange sins to fruit, and sometimes strange renunciations. (O. Wilde)
8. Beatrice, by the way, asks herself over to lunch. I half expected she would. I suppose she wants to have a look at you. (D. du Maurier)
9. Here, on this clean balcony, white and impersonal with centuries of sun, I think of half past four at Manderly, and the table drawn before the library fire. (D. du Maurier)
10. And he wants you folks to have a room fixed up and a tree hauled and ready. And such ladies to assist as can stop breathin’ long enough to let it be a surprise for the kids. (O Henry)
11. The moment one sits down to think, one becomes all nose, or all forehead, or something horrid. (O. Wilde)
12. For Maggie Brown was said to be the third richest woman in the world; and these solicitous gentlemen were only the city’s wealthiest brokers and business men seeking trifling loans of half a dozen millions or so from the dingy old lady with the prehistoric handbag. (O Henry)
13. I pulled back my arm, clenching my fist, but I was a shade too late.
(J.H. Chase)
14. She had chic to the tips of her rose-painted nails. (W.S. Maugham)
15. He looked at me for a long ten seconds, then his hard face creased into the resemblance of a smile. (J.H. Chase)
16. Daniel fell about laughing when I said I could not programme video.
(H. Fielding)
17. I ran up the stairs and waited till they were safely in the apartment and then I dashed down and got into a taxi. I told the driver to drive like hell and when he asked where I burst out laughing in his face. I felt like a million dollars. (W.S. Maugham)
18. With a furious, despairing energy she rose again and started blindly down the darkness. She must get out. She might be lost in here for days, freeze to death and lie embedded in the ice like corpses she had read of, kept perfectly preserved until the melting of a glacier. (F.Sc. Fitzgerald)
19. “Do you take me for a perfect fool, honey? If your mother didn’t know perfectly well the measurements of the living-room windows I’ll eat my hat.” (W.S. Maugham)
20. “Would you like one of these?” said Elaine, holding out a silver case full of Black Sobranies. “I’m sure they’re death on a stick but I’m still here at sixty-five.” (H. Fielding)
21. Just checked fringe again. Hair has gone from fright wig to horrified, screaming, full-blown terror wig. (H. Fielding)
22. She was looking at him with something that was not a smile, rather the faint mirthless echo of a smile, in the corners of her mouth.
(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
Exercise III. Analyze the structure, the semantics and the functions of litotes in the following sentences:
1. Even in actual life egotism is not without its attractions. (O. Wilde)
2. Laughter is not at all a bad beginning for a friendship, and it is far the best ending for one. (O. Wilde)
3. She (Signora Niccolini) was a little stout woman, not without dignity, and she wore a black apron trimmed with lace and a small black lace cap.
(W. S. Maugham)
4. “You know that’s not half a bad idea”. (W.S. Maugham)
5. “Not bad for a woman of forty-six,” – she smiled. (W.S. Maugham)
6. She had in point of fact not troubled to take off her make-up. Her lips were brightly scarlet, and with the reading light behind her she well knew that she did not look her worst. (W.S. Maugham)
7. Her father was remote but not unpleasant. He was just a father, like everybody else’s father. He wasn’t that important. (C. Bushnell)
8. Mason came to understand his role in all of this in the twelfth year of his paralysis, when he was no longer sizeable beneath his sheet and knew that he would never rise again. His quarters at the Muscrat Farm mansion were completed and he had means, but not unlimited means, because the Verger patriarch, Molson, still ruled. (Th. Harris)
9. The exposition of Atrocious Torture Instruments could not fail to appeal to a connoisseur of the worst in mankind. (Th. Harris)
10. Avarice is not unknown in Italy, and Rinaldo Pazzi had imbibed plenty with his native air. (Th. Harris)
11. “It’s hot in here,” she complained, pulling free of him. “I need some fresh air.”
It wasn’t entirely untrue; she was hot and the terrace she could see beyond the ballroom’s open French windows did offer a much needed escape from the cause of that heat. (P. Jordan)
12. “I hope you don’t believe a word she says. Isabel isn’t a bad girl really, but she’s a liar.” (W.S. Maugham)
13. “What on earth does Maxim see in her?” but kind at the same time, not unfriendly. (D. du Maurier)
14. “Are you unhappy?”
“No, not exactly unhappy. When Larry isn’t there I’m all right.”
(W.S. Maugham)
15. I had a notion that just because I was a stranger from a foreign country Larry was not disinclined to talk to me about it. (W.S. Maugham)
16. She was looking me up and down, as I had expected, but in a direct, straightforward fashion, not maliciously like Mrs. Danvers, not without unfriendliness. (D. du Maurier)
17. She didn’t dislike him and so accepted the proposition with placidity. (W.S. Maugham)
18. We have come through our crisis, not unscathed of course.
(D. du Maurier)
19. The brow was cold but the face not expressionless. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
20. “Too bad – too bad,” said the concierge. “Your grandfather is dead.”
“Not too bad,” said Michael. “It means that I come into a quarter of a million dollars.” (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
Exercise IV. Define the type of metonymic transfer in the following segments:
1. “Did he go?” I asked innocently. “Sure he went.” Mr Wolfsheim’s nose flashed at me indignantly. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
2. In fact, there is no consensus in the psychiatric community that Dr Lecter should be termed a man. He has long been regarded by his professional peers in psychiatry, many of whom fear his acid pen in the professional journals, as something entirely Other. For convenience they term him ‘monster.’ (Th. Harris)
3. A stout, middle-aged man, with enormous owl-eyed spectacles, was sitting somewhat drunk on the edge of a great table, staring with unsteady concentration at the shelves of books… “Don’t ask me,” said Owl Eyes, washing his hands of the whole matter. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
4. “Nowadays a broken heart will run to many editions”. (O. Wilde)
5. “I am in love with it (picture), Basil. It is part of myself. I feel that.”
“Well, as soon as you are dry, you shall be varnished, and framed, and sent home. Then you can do what you like with yourself.” (O. Wilde)
6. It made me sick at heart to see, and my hand recoils from writing it.
(Ch. Dickens)
7. The man who had enjoyed his evening and said Molly would be wild at missing it was dressed as a Chinese mandarin, and his false nails got caught up in his sleep as we swung our hands up and down… The mandarin sprung to attention, his hands stiff to his sides. (D. du Maurier)
8. The band was a four-piece job: four well-built negroes: a trumpet, drums, double bass and a saxophone. (J.H. Chase)
9. Earnestly, in French, Mr. Charlton spent some moments explaining to the cold eyes behind the pince-nez the reasons for little Oscar’s immaturity. (H.E. Bates)
10. Only a few uniforms mingled with the dinner coats at the country-club dance. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
11. Then the swinging doors revolve and three bundles of fur mince in.
(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
12. She wondered if those were his dancing-shoes that fox-trotted tentatively around the soft rug below. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
13. Then curious eyes were turned on her, sitting near the head.
(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
14. Yes, I suppose some day I’ll marry a ton of money – out of sheer boredom. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
15. At the best I can have my choice from one or two cities and, of course, I have to marry into a dinner-coat. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
16. She went away and he sat there, his mind dulled by the violent sound of the dance music and the impact of the woman singing into the microphone. The power of her lungs was shattering to Western nerves. (J.H. Chase)
17. There were a quick-lunch shack and two barnlike stages, and everywhere about the lot, groups of waiting, hopeful, painted faces. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
18. In the beer-halls and shop windows were bright posters presenting the Swiss defending their frontiers in 1914 – with inspiring ferocity young men and old men glared down from the mountains at phantom French and Germans; the purpose was to assure the Swiss heart that it had shared the contagious glory of those days. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
19. “No, it isn’t,” he insisted to the anonymous bundle of fur.
(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
20. He walked past the staring carabinieri and up to the grinning face, hit it with a smashing left beside the jaw. The man dropped to the floor.
(F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
Exercise V. Define the type of metaphor (trite or genuine) in the following examples and its function in the text:
1. Night court depressed Jennifer. It was filled with a human tide that ceaselessly surged in and out, washed up on the shores of justice.
(S. Sheldon)
2. Jordan Baker instinctively avoided clever, shrewd men, and now I saw that this was because she felt safer on a plane where any divergence from a code would be thought impossible. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)
3. At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough coloured lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby’s enormous garden. (F. Sc. Fitzgerald)