«The business of America is business», said President Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) and these words remain true today. The principle aim of business is to make financial profit.
There exist in the United States two main kinds of business institutions - private and governmental. Private businesses include large companies whose capital is represented in shares, which are held by individual shareholders who earn dividends from their shares. In addition, there are non-profit institutions. These are called charitable organizations. Americans tend to have more respect for private businesses than for government agencies which they consider more bureaucratic.
Americans believe that in private business they can express ideals of free competition, individual freedom and equality of opportunity. But many Americans understand that very often business does not live up to these principles. There are some problems in realizing the high ideals of fair business practice. One of them is unequal starting opportunities. It is obviously easier for someone who already possesses considerable capital to begin a business venture than it is someone who does not. But nevertheless the legend of the poor boy who rises «from rags to riches», the entrepreneur who creates something out of nothing still exists in America. The entrepreneur who loves individual freedom and independence from authority, who built the industrial riches of the nation is the symbol of hero businessman.
In the course of time a new type of businessman appeared This is the «organization man» who works within already established structure and is at the top. But unlike the entrepreneur he shares responsibility with others. Though in America today the road to success lies often through established large business, the entrepreneurial ideal inspires many. A great number of small businesses exist in the USA today. There are a lot of companies with fewer than 20 employees. These companies account 60% of American business. Today most Americans believe that the free-enterprise system based on profit - making is the one that best promotes welfare of the nation.
Вариант 3
1). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Present Continuous:
1. Excuse me, I am looking for a phone box.
2. Look! Is it snowing outside?
3. The population of the world is rising very fast.
2). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Past Continuous:
1. We saw an accident when we were waiting for the bus.
2. The door of his room was open; his mother was still standing at the window.
3. When her father came in she was siting before a red tea table, finishing a very good tea.
4. Next day, while he was shaving he cut himself slightly.
3). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Future Continuous:
1. Don't ring her up at 12 o'clock. She will be writing a composition then.
2. Let's wait here; Tower Bridge will be opening in a minute to let that ship through.
3. At this time next week they will be sitting in the train on their way to Moscow.
4). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты:
1. We tried hard but we couldn't persuade them.
2. The fishing boat sank, but fortunately the fisherman was able to swim to the shore.
3. «It must be an interesting discussion», said my colleague.
4. Last night Den suddenly became ill. We had to call the doctor.
5). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование или их эквиваленты:
1. A man should help his parents when they become old.
2. The girl had to take care other younger sister and brothers.
3. My parents were not at home and I had to look after my little sister.
4. You must go or you will be late for the first lesson.
6). Перепишите следующие глаголы, переведите их, образуйте от них причастие I (Participle 1):
to sign to stay
to produce to sweep
to fly to shave
to stand to wear
to shoot to count
7). Перепишите следующие причастия II. Укажите инфинитив глаголов, от которых они образованы, переведите его:
bought understood
fulfilled smelt
taken spread
taught sold
worn fallen
8). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Present Perfect:
1. Susan has made a new dress for her birthday party.
2. The sun has not risen yet, but the sky in the east is getting lighter every minute.
3. Oh, how dark it is! A large black cloud has covered the sky.
9). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Past Perfect:
1. When John and I got to the theatre, the play had already started.
2. He understood the book only after he had read it again.
3. His smile was something she had never seen before.
10). Перепишите предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в Future Perfect.
1. I shall have written my composition by the time you come back.
2. We've got five days in St. Petersburg: we are leaving on Monday; but I'm sure that we shall have seen everything of importance by then.
3. They will have done half of the journey when they reach the Volga.
11). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое. Укажите в каком времени и в каком залоге он употреблен:
1. The lecturer was listened to with great attention.
2. I heard that he had bought a new car.
3. - Have you ever spend your holidays in the Crimea? -Yes, Ann and I spent holidays in the Crimea two years ago.
4. I shall have done all my homework by the time he comes.
5. The clock is being repaired now.
12). Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их. Укажите тип придаточного предложения. Подчеркните союзы или союзные слова, вводящие придаточные предложения:
1. Martha said that John always came home to lunch.
2. Could you tell me where I should pay for my purchase?
3. Some of the questions that were put to the lecturer yesterday were very important.
13). Перепишите и письменно переведите текст «The structure of the USA government». Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:
subdivision - подразделение;
township-район;
judicial - судебная;
to be vested in - принадлежать;
majority of voters - большинство голосов;
a resident - житель;
no matter - вне зависимости.