Ex.2. Put up four questions of different types (general, special,




ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS

 

 

Методические указания и учебные задания

для студентов экономических специальностей

 

 

 

 


 

 

Составитель О. В. Злобина

Рецензенты: И. И. Громовая, Д. С. Исаева

 

Методические указания и учебные задания составлены на основе

аутентичных материалов профессиональных английских и американских

изданий и предназначены для студентов экономических специальностей.

Цель пособия – научить читать, понимать и переводить оригинальную

литературу, а также обсуждать некоторые основные темы и проблемы в

смоделированных ситуациях профессионального общения.

Подготовлены кафедрой иностранных языков и рекомендованы к из-

данию редакционно-издательским отделом Санкт-Петербургского государст-

венного университета аэрокосмического приборостроения.

 

Сдано в набор 00. 07. 07. Подписано к печати 05. 12. 07.

Формат 60Ч84 1/16. Бумага офсетная. Печать офсетная. Усл. печ. л. 5,8.

Уч.-изд. л. 5,4. Тираж 500 экз. Заказ № 671

Отпечатано с оригинал-макета автора

 

Редакционно-издательский центр ГУАП

190000, Санкт-Петербург, Б. Морская ул., 67.

 

© ГУАП, 2007


LESSON 1

TYPES OF PROPRIETORSHIP

Text

A business may be privately owned in three different forms. These

forms are the sole proprietorship, the partnership and the corporation. The

sole proprietorship is the most common in many western countries. For

example, more than 80 per cent of all businesses in the United States are sole

proprietorships.

But it is evident that sole proprietorships do not do the greatest volume

of business. They account for only 16 percent of all business receipts, for

example, in America. What kind of business is likely to be a sole

proprietorship? First of all, service industries such as Laundromats, beauty

shops, different repair shops, restaurants.

Active Vocabulary


business

to own

sole

proprietorship

partnership

corporation

volume

receipt

service industry

to account for

Laundromat

repair shop


дело

владеть

индивидуальная предпринимательская деятельность,

частное предприятие

партнерство

корпорация

объем, количество

денежные поступления

сфера обслуживания

составлять, насчитывать

автоматическая прачечная самообслуживания

мастерская

 

Comprehension Questions


1. What are three different ways that a business can be privately owned?

2. What forms do most European countries have?

3. Name some businesses that are likely to be sole proprietorships. Why do

you think so?

4. Name some businesses that are not likely to be sole proprietorship? Why

do you think so?



Vocabulary Practice

Ex.1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence:


1. Small... are very often service industries.

2. The... industries don't produce material goods.

3. More than 80 per cent of all business … are not

from sole proprietorships.

4. Less than 20 per cent of European businesses are

partnerships or....

5. Sole proprietorships... only a small part of all

business receipts.

6. Is this bank owned publicly or...?

7. There are three... of business ownership.

 

Dialogue

Jim: Hi, Alice. How are you getting on?

Alice: Fine, as usual, thanks, Jim. What about you?

Jim: I'm O.K. It's nice to see you.


a) receipts

b) businesses

c) service

d) privately

e) account for

f) corporations

g) forms


Alice: You too. I'm glad you are not in a hurry and we have time to talk

today.

Jim: Sure.

Alice: Can you give me a piece of advice?

Jim: Well, I'll try if I can.

Alice: You know I've been always good at cooking. It interests me. I am

thinking of starting my own business - cafe.

Jim: It might be a good idea.

Alice: I guess I must learn about the responsibilities of going into business.

Jim: Are you going into this business by yourself?

Alice: Exactly. I'd like to have a cafe with my name on it where I make the

decisions and where I control the profits.

Jim: You seem to be resolute so I'll try to help you. If you go into business

alone, it is called sole proprietorship. In such case you needn't consult

a lawyer to form the business. You can start or you can stop your

business whenever you like.

Alice: It sounds encouraging. What else can you tell me?

Jim: There is no need to consult partners or a Board of directors. So you can

put your policies into effect quickly. You decide on your vacation,

hours, salary, hiring and firing.



Alice: Well, that's not bad.

Jim: Wait a moment. I believe I have to tell you about the risk involved.

Alice: What do you mean?

Jim: First of all, the most important risk is that you have unlimited liability.

It means that you are responsible for all your business debts.

Alice: So if the business fails, I have to declare personal bankruptcy, don't I?

Jim: That's what I mean. You can lose your personal assets.

Alice: Well, it's rather disappointing. What other things should I know?

Jim: You won't get tax benefits which partnerships or corporations can get.

Alice: I know about it. By the way do you know of a good accountant to do

my taxes?

Jim: Of course. You'll also have to hire a good book-keeper if you can't do

your books yourself.

Alice: I can't say anything definite about that. I have to think it over. What

else, Jim?

Jim: Well, I am a bit hungry, why don't we have a snack together and

discuss the things in the cafe.

Alice: You are right as usual. Let's go.

 

Active Vocabulary


piece of advice

to start one’s own

business

responsibility

to make decisions

to control the profits

sole proprietorship

a lawyer

it sounds encouraging

 

to consult partners

a Board of directors

to put policies into effect

to hire

to fire

to decide on vacation,

hours, salary, hiring and

firing


совет

начать свое дело

 

ответственность

принимать решения

контролировать прибыль

индивидуальное предпринимательство

юрист

зд. это вдохновляет (звучит вдохновляюще)

консультироваться с партнерами

совет директоров

достичь хороших результатов

 

нанимать

увольнять

решать вопросы, связанные с отпуском,

продолжительностью рабочего дня,

зарплатой, наймом, увольнением


 



to have unlimited

liability

to be responsible for all

business debts

to fail

to declare personal

bankruptcy

personal assets

tax benefits

accountant, syn. book-

keeper

to do books


нести неограниченную юридическую

ответственность

нести ответственность за производственные

долги

терпеть неудачу

объявить личное банкротство

 

личная собственность

льготы по налогообложению

бухгалтер, счетовод

 

вести бухгалтерский учет

 

Vocabulary Exercises


Ex.1. Transform the sentences according to the model:

Model: open a cafe - I am thinking of opening a cafe.

1. start a car-repair shop

2. hire a book keeper

3. fire an employee

4. consult a Board of directors

5. sell my business

6. do my books myself

7. consult a lawyer

8. find a specialist

Ex.2. Transform the sentences according to the model:

Model: A book keeper will do the books.

I am going to have a book keeper do the books.

1. A partner will finance the business.

2. A salesperson will sell the clothes.

3. A decorator will design the interior.

4. A lawyer will do this work.

5. A secretary will mail the letters.

6. A colleague will give me a piece of advice.

7. A book keeper will prepare the tax report.



Ex.3. Answer the questions:

1. Are you thinking of starting your own business?

2. What business do you want to start?

3. How do we call the business if you go into it alone?

4. Who is going to make the decisions and control the profits in your

business?

5. Do you need a lawyer if you want to start a sole proprietorship?

6. Why don't you have to consult the partners in a sole proprietorship?

7. How many employees are you going to hire for your business? In what

cases will you fire them?

8. What does it mean to have unlimited liability? Are you ready for it?

9. What will you do if your business fails?

10. What will you do to put policies into effect quickly?

11. What businesses have tax benefits in this country?

12. Can you do your books yourself?

13. Are you going to hire a book-keeper?

Ex.4. Translate into English:

1. Мне нужен совет.

2. Я сам контролирую прибыль своего предприятия.

З. Если вы хотите заняться частным предпринимательством,

обратитесь к юристу.

4. Директор решает вопросы, связанные с наймом и увольнением.

5. Я боюсь нести полную юридическую ответственность.

6. Я не отвечаю за производственные долги.

7. Малые предприятия имеют льготы по налогообложению.

8. Хороший бухгалтер сможет вести дела лучше, чем вы.

9. Мне нужно нанять бухгалтера.

10. Мне нужно проконсультироваться с юристом.

Ex.5. Make up the dialogue:

You are going to start your own business. Ask a lawyer or an experienced

person how to do it.

 

Grammar Exercises

Ex.1. Make the sentences negative:

1. I want to start my own business.

 


2. You need a lawyer in this case.

3. Sole proprietorship brings much profit.

4. Sole proprietorship gets tax benefits from the government.

Ex.2. Put up four questions of different types (general, special,

disjunctive, alternative) to each sentence:

Model: The partners are responsible for business debts.

a) Are the partners responsible for business debts?

b) Why are the partners responsible for business debts?

c) The partners are responsible for the business debts, aren't

they?

d) Are the partners responsible for the business debts or

fulfillment of the arrangement?

1. I want to go into business with my friend.

2. You can lose personal assets.

3. It is difficult to get tax benefits from the state.

4. I do my books myself.

5. We both have unlimited liability.

6. The Board of directors decides on vacation, salary, hiring and firing.

7. The partners want to consult a Board of directors.

 

LESSON 2

PARTNERSHIPS

Text

A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on a

business for profit. When the owners of the partnership have unlimited

liability they are called general partners. If partners have limited liability

they are limited partners. There may be a silent partner as well - a person

who is known to the public as a member of the firm but without authority in

management. The reverse of the silent partner is a secret partner - a person

who takes part in management but who is not known to the public.

Any business may have the form of the partnership, for example, in

such professional fields as medicine, law, accounting, insurance and

stockbrokerage. Limited partnerships are a common form of ownership in

real estate, oil prospecting, quarrying industries, etc.

 

 


Partnerships have more advantages than sole proprietorships if one

needs big capital or diversified management. Like sole proprietorship they

are easy to form and often get tax benefits from the government.

Partnerships have certain disadvantages too. One is unlimited liability.

It means that each partner is responsible for all debts and is legally

responsible for the whole business. Another disadvantage is that partners

may disagree with each other.

 

Active Vocabulary


partnership

association

to carry on a business

profit

general partner

 

limited partner

 

silent partner

secret partner

 

 

law

insurance

stockbrokerage

real estate

oil prospecting

quarrying industries

advantage

disadvantage

to be legally responsible


товарищество, партнерство

объединение

вести дело

прибыль

общий партнер (несущий полную

юридическую ответственность за дело)

партнер с ограниченной юридической

ответственностью

партнер без права голоса

секретный, негласный партнер (с правом

голоса, но неизвестный общественности

как партнер)

з д. юриспруденция

страхование

биржевое маклерство

недвижимость

добыча нефти

добывающие отрасли

преимущество

недостаток

быть юридически ответственным

 

Comprehension Questions


1. What is the difference between a general partnership and a limited

partnership?

2. Is there any difference between a silent partner and a secret partner?

What is this difference?

3. In what professional fields are the partnerships found?

4. In what businesses is the partnership a common form?

5. What are the advantages of a partnership? Discuss the disadvantages of a



partnership.

6. Would you prefer partnership or sole proprietorship for business? Give

your reasons.

 

Vocabulary Practice



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