1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the appropriate endings (Прочтите текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу фразами)
a) how one could own a browser and how to set up a web server
b) where he built a computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.
c) with no patent and no royalties due
d) and the worldwide web was born.
e) which was accepted by his manager, Mike Sendall
f) working as an independent contractor at the European nuclear research centre Cern
TIM BERNERS-LEE: FATHER OF THE WEB
AND CHAMPION OF ITS FREEDOM
Dotcoms, bloggers and Google all have one man to thank for their place in the 21st century world. In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee made the imaginative leap to combine the internet with the hypertext concept, 1)__________________.
Не was born in 1955 in London. Berners-Lee’s parents were both mathematicians who were employed together on the team that built the Manchester Mark I, one of the earliest computers.
After attending school in London, Berners-Lee went on to study physics at Queen’s College, Oxford, 2) _________________________.While at Oxford, he was caught hacking with a friend and was subsequently banned from using the university computer.
He worked at Plessey Telecommunications from 1976 as a programmer and in 1980 began 3) __________________ 
.
In December 1980, Berners-Lee proposed a project based on the concept of hypertext, to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers. While there, he built a prototype system called Enquire.
He joined Cern on a full-time basis in 1984 as a fellow. In 1989, Cern was the largest internet node in Europe, and Berners-Lee saw an opportunity. “I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the TCP and DNS ideas,” he said, and the worldwide web was born.
He wrote his initial proposal in March of 1989, and in 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau, produced a revision 4) ________________________.
He used similar ideas to those underlying the Enquire system to create the worldwide web, for which he designed and built the first web browser and editor (called World-wide Web and developed on Nextstep) and the first web server called Hypertext Transfer Protocol Daemon (HTTPD).
The first website built was at and was put online on 6 August 1991. The URL is still in use today. It provided an explanation of the worldwide web, 5) ________________. It was also the world’s first web directory, since Berners-Lee maintained a list of other websites.
In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It comprised various companies willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the web.
Berners-Lee made his ideas available freely, 6) _______________________. He is now the director of W3C, a senior researcher at MIT’s CSail, and professor of computer science at Southampton University.
Translate the text.
Text 7 «Bill Gates: mixing maths and money to build Microsoft»
1. Put the parts of the text in the correct order. Make a plan of the text. (Поставьте в правильном порядке части текста. Составьте план текста)
BILL GATES: MIXING MATHS AND MONEY
TO BUILD MICROSOFT
A. At school Gates excelled in mathematics and the sciences and by the age of 13 he was deeply engrossed in software programming.
With other school mates he began programming and bug fixing for the Computer Center Corporation, and in 1970 Gates formed a venture with fellow school student and Microsoft co-founder, Paul Allen, called Traf-O-Data, to make traffic counters using the Intel 8008 processor.
B. By the early 1990s, Windows had driven other Dos-based GUIs like Gem and Geos out of the market. It performed a similar feat with the Office productivity suite.
Gates fought hard to establish Microsoft’s dominant position in the software industry and has fought even harder to defend it. His ability to get Microsoft software pre-installed on most PCs shipped in the world made Microsoft the world’s largest software house and Gates one of the world’s richest men. It also meant Microsoft found itself on the wrong end of anti-trust legislation in both the US and Europe.
С. Since 2000, Gates has given away about £15.5bn, a third of his wealth, to charity. Such is his fame in the world outside computing, fictional Gates characters have appeared in cartoons including the Simpsons, South Park and Family Guy.
D. As joint founder of the world’s biggest software company, Microsoft, Bill Gates’s approach to technology and business was instrumental in making technology available to the masses.
Gates was born in Seattle, Washington in 1955 to a wealthy family: his father was a prominent lawyer and his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate Bank and The United Way.
E. Gates stood down as chief executive of Microsoft in 2000 to focus on software development and on 16 June 2006, he announced that he would move to a part-time role with Microsoft in 2008 to focus on his philanthropic work.
F. In 1973, Gates enrolled at Harvard University, where he met future business partner Steve Ballmer. Their first venture was to develop a version of the Basic programming language for the Altair 8800, one of the first microcomputers.
Soon afterwards Gates left Harvard to found “Micro-Soft”, which later became Microsoft Corporation, with Allen. Microsoft took off when Gates began licensing his MS-Dos operating systems to manufacturers of IBM PC clones. Its drive to global dominance continued with the development of Windows, its version of the graphical user interface, as an addition to its Dos command line.
2. Read and translate the text. Learn new vocabulary. (Прочтите и переведите текст на русский язык. Выучите новую лексику).
3. Make up a dialogue about Bill Gates’ success. Ask different types of questions. (Составьте диалог о достижениях Билла Гейтса. Используйте различные типы вопросов).