Планы практических занятий по дисциплине
«Английский язык»
(обязательный компонент)
для студентов 3 курса специальности (специальностей)
5В071800 – Электроэнергетика, 5В071600 – Приборостроение
форма обучения очная
на 6семестр 2013-2014 учебного года
Уральск – 2013
Составитель: преподаватель Муханбеткалиева Г.Ш.
Кафедра «Иностранные языки» «М -308»
Количество кредитов –2
Практические занятия – 30 часов
Обсужден на заседании кафедры «____ » ____ 2013 г. Протокол № _____
Week 1
Text: The nature of Electricity.
Grammar: Modal Verbs
Listening and discussion:
Communicative practice: Travelling
I.Read the text
THE NATURE OF ELECTRICITY
Practical electricity is produced by small atomic particles known as electrons. It is the movement of these particles which produce the effects of heat and light.
The pressure that forces these atomic particles to move, the effects they encounter opposition and how these forces are controlled are some of the principles of electricity.
Accepted atomic theory states that all matter is electrical in structure. Any object is largely composed of a combination of positive and negative particles of electricity. Electric current will pass through a wire, a body, or along a stream of water. It can be established in some substances more readily than in others, that all matter is composed of electric particles despite some basic differences in materials. The science of electricity then must begin with a study of the structure of matter.
Matter is defined as any substance which has mass (or weight) and occupies space. This definition should be broad enough to cover all physical objects in the universe. Wood, water, iron, and paper are some examples of matter. Energy is closely related to, but not to be confused with, matter. Energy does not have mass, and it does not occupy space. Heat and light are examples of energy.
The smallest particle of matter which can be recognized as an original substance was thought to be a unit called the atom. Recently scientists have found particles even smaller than atoms, but our theories are still based on the atom. The atom consists of a nucleus and a cloud of electrons. It is generally agreed that the electrons are small particles of electricity, which are negative in nature. These particles orbit the nucleus in much the same fashion that planets
orbit a sun.
II. Guess the meaning of the following international words:
Electricity, electron, effect, structure, combination, material, mass, energy, atom, orbit
III. Translate into Russian and Kazakh the words and expressions from the text:
1) atomic particle;
2) effects of heat and light;
3) encounter opposition;
4) principles of electricity;
5) composed (of);
6) pass through a wire;
7) structure of matter;
8) occupy space;
9) physical objects;
10) a cloud of electrons;
11) in the same fashion.
IV. Complete the sentences using the text:
1. Electricity is produced by …
2. The effects of heat and light are produced by …
3. According to the accepted atomic theory all matter is …
4. Any object is composed of …
5. Matter is defined as …
6. Energy must not be confused with …
7. The atom consists of …
8. The smallest particle of matter is …
9. Most theories are based on …
10. Electrons are …
V. Answer the questions:
1) What are the principles of electricity?
2) What must the science of electricity begin with?
3) Are there any differences between energy and matter? What are they?
4) What is recognized as an original substance now?
VI. Topics for discussion:
1. The nature of electricity;
2. The nature of matter;
3. Contents of atomic theory.
VII. Grammar: Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are used to show the speaker’s attitude toward the action or state indicated by the infinitive, i. e. they show that the action indicated by the infinitive is considered as possible, impossible, probable, improbable, obligatory, necessary, advisable, doubtful or uncertain, etc. The modal verbs are: can (could), may (might), must, should, ought, shall, will, would, need, dare. The modal expressions to be + Infinitive and to have+ Infinitive also belong here.
Modal verbs are called defective because all of them (except dare and need) lack verbals and analytical forms (i. e. compound tenses, analytical forms of the Subjunctive Mood, the Passive Voice). Besides they do not take ‑s in the third person singular. They also have the following peculiarities:
(1) All of them (except ought and sometimes dare and need) are followed by the infinitive without the particle to.
(2) All of them (except dare and need) form the negative and the interrogative form without the auxiliary do.
(3) All the modal verbs have two negative forms — a full one and a contracted one:
Can
The verb can has two forms: can for the Present Tens and could for the Past Tense; the expression to be able which has the same meaning can be used to supply the missing forms of the verb can.
“I can’t explain it,” said Therese. “I can’t explain anything I did today.”
(Heym)
He jumped as high as ever he could. (Galsworthy)
How weakened she was I had not been able to imagine until I saw her at the
railway station in Chinkiatig. (Buck)
Can expresses ability or capability, possibility, incredulity or doubt, astonishment.
1. Physical or mental ability.
Cousin Val can’t walk much, you know, but he can ride perfectly. He’s going
to show me the gallops. (Galsworthy)
I don’t know what Captain Loomis was doing there, but you can guess — it
was about Thorpe. (Heym)
In this meaning it can be used only with the Indefinite Infinitive.
Possibility.
(a) due to circumstances:
I could not go to the theatre yesterday because I was busy.
“ Can I have a cup of tea, Miss?” she asked. But the waitress went on doing
her hair. “Oh,” she sang, “we’re not open yet.” (Mansfield)
(Here the speaker does not ask the waitress’s permission to have a cup of tea
but she merely wants to know whether the place is open and whether she can
have a cup of tea.)
You can have the book when I have finished it.
“ Can I see him?” Yates asked, not very hopefully. “I’m sorry, no,” the voice
was hesitant. “We don’t want him disturbed.” (Heym)
Can I have my photo taken?
May
The verb may has two forms: may for the Present Tense and might for the Past Tense. The expressions to be allowed and to be permitted, which have the same meaning, can be used to supply the missing forms of the verb may.
- Permission.
“ May I use your phone?” (Heym)
At any rate she murmured something to the effect that he might stay if he
wished. (Hardy)