I Грамматические упражнения

1. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:

transaction granting

to transfer idle

debtor feasible

to extend bill

acquisition to assign

1. Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания:

1. перевод денежных сумм
2. обещание выплаты
3. оборотный кредитно-денежный документ
4. материальное обеспечение
5. отсрочиваемая оплата

3. Выпишите из текста 4-5 предложений, сказуемые которых выражены формой глагола “to be”. Переведите предложения на русский язык, подчеркните сказуемое.

4. Выпишите из текста 405 предложений в пассивном залоге (Passive Voice). Подчеркните сказуемое, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Дайте II и III формы следующих неправильных глаголов:

to begin

to take

to draw

to fly

to bite

1. Образуйте II и III степени сравнения следующих прилагательных:

far

near

interesting

quiet

suspicious

7. Образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы следующих предложений. Определите время и категорию сказуемого каждого предложения, подчеркните подлежащее и сказуемое. Переведите

предложения на русский язык:

1. Merchants extend commercial credit to one another.
2. Credit operations will be carried out by means of documents.
3. This security was in the form of a mortgage.

1. Задайте 4 типа вопроса к следующим предложениям:

1. Such funds are used for loan and investment purposes.
2. It is necessary to supply some kind of collateral in business transactions.

1. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту контрольной работы:

1. What do we call credit?
2. What are the types of credit?
3. What are the functions of credit?
4. What is a credit interest?
5. What are large-scaled credits aimed to?
6. Who can issue a credit?
7. What is a collateral?

1. Переведите текст контрольной работы на русский язык письменно.

IIФонетические упражнения

1. Найдите в тексте по 5 слов, где:

er [ə] a [æ]

g [dз] e [e]

2. Протранскрибируйте следующие слова:

chattel

mortgage

retain

tangible

idle

7 вариант

SOURCES OF MONEY (TRADE CREDIT AND EQUITY CAPITAL)

TRADE CREDIT AND SMALL BUSINESSES

Trade credit is credit extended by suppliers. It is usually the first source of extra capital that the small business owner turns to when the need arises.

Informal Extensions. Frequently, this is done with no formal plan­ning by the business. Suppliers' invoices are simply allowed to "wait" for another 30 to 60 days. Unfortunately, this can lead to a number of problems. Suppliers may promptly terminate credit and refuse to deliver until the account is settled, thus denying the business access to needed supplies, materials, or inventory. Or, suppliers might put the business on a cash on delivery (C.O.D.) basis, requiring that all ship­ments be fully paid in cash immediately upon receipt. At a time when a business is in need for cash, this requirement could have the same ef­fect as cutting off deliveries all together.

Planning Advantages. A planned program of trade credit exten­sions can often help the business secure extra capital that it needs with­out recourse to lenders. This is particularly true whenever the capital need is relatively small or short in duration.

A planned approach should involve the following:

1. Take full advantage of available payment terms. If no cash dis­count is offered and payment is due on the 30th day, do not make any payments before the 30th day.

2. Whenever possible, negotiate extended payment terms with suppliers. For example, if a supplier's normal payment terms are net 30 days from the receipt of goods, these could be extended to net 30 days from the end of the month. This effectively gives an average of 15 extra days.

3. If the business feels that it needs a substantial increase in time, say 60 to 90 days, it should inform suppliers of this need. They will often be willing to accept it, provided that the business is faithful and makes payments at the later date.

4. Consider the effect of cash discounts and delinquency penalties for late payment Frequently, the added cost of trade credit may be far more expensive than the cost of alternate financing such as a short-term bank loan.

5. Consider the possibility of signing a note for each shipment promising payment at a specific later date. Such a note, which may or may not be interest-bearing, would give the supplier ev­idence of your intent to pay and increase the supplier's confi­dence in your business.

Ready Availability. Trade credit is often available to businesses on a relatively informal basis without the requirements for application, ne­gotiation, auditing, and legal assistance often necessary with other capi­tal sources.