Вопросы к экзамену
· What is lexicology? What is a word?Speak on the theoretical and practical value of lexicology.
· What is language?What is the theoretical basis of our linguistics?What is the essence of the theory about reflection as a general property of matter?
· Speak on the connection of lexicology with phonetics, grammar and stylistics?
· Describe the problem of the diachronic and synchronic approaches in vocabulary study.
· What are the main problems of lexicology?Describe the notion of lexical system.
· What are the causes of constant appearance of new words?
· Describe the theory of oppositions.
· Describe paradigmatic and syntagtnatic relationships of words in Modern English.
· Describe some general problems of the theory of the word: 1)
connections between words and objects of reality; 2) motivation of words; 3)
identity and isolation of words.
· Describe phonetic, morphological and semantic motivation of words.
· What is the etymological composition of the Modern English vocabulary?
· What are the main groups of English borrowings?What are causes and ways of borrowing?
· What are the stages of assimilation of borrowings?
· What do we call "etymological doublets", "translation-loans", "international words"?
· What is the principle difference between a word and a morpheme? What types of morphemes do you know?
· What is the morphological classification of words?
· What are the aims and principles of morphemic and word-formation analysis?
· What does analysis into immediate constituents (IC's) mean?
· What is the difference between derivational and functional affixes?
· What does the valency of affixes and stems mean?
· What does the word-building pattern mean?
· Which are the ways to classify affixes?
· Speak on the problem of defining conversion.
· Speak on the historical development of conversion.
· What are the most characteristic features of conversion in present-day English?
· Speak on the semantic relationships in conversion.Speak on conversion in different parts of speech.
· What is substantiation?
· Speak on definitions of compound words.
· What are the criteria of compounds? Speak on the semi-affixes.
· What is "the stone wall problem"?
· Speak on verbal collocations of the "give up" type.
· What are specific features of English compounds?
· Speak on different classifications of compounds.
· Speak on derivational compounds, or compound-derivatives.
· Speak on the problem of shortening of spoken words and its causes. What are graphical abbreviations and acronyms'?
· Speak on minor types of lexical oppositions: sound interchange; distinctive stress; sound imitation; back-formation.
· What does semasiology mean?
· Give comments on the problem of lexical meaning. Speak on the lexical meaning versus notion.
· Give comments on the denotative and connotative meaning.
· What is the semantic structure of polysemantic words?
· What are the types of semantic change of words? Give comment on generalization and narrowing, amelioration and pejoration.
· Speak on metaphor and metonymy.
· What are linguistic and extralinguistic causes of semantic changes of words?
· What are homonyms? Give comments on classification of homonyms.Speak on the origin of homonyms.
· What is patterned homonymy?
· What is patterned lexico-grammatical homonymy?
· What are synonyms?What is the basis of a synonymic opposition?Speak on types of synonyms.
· Give comments on the English vocabulary as an adaptive system.
· What are neologisms?
· Give comments on morphological groupings cf words
· Speak on notional words and form words.
· Give comments on the classification of words suggested by Ch. Fries.
· Give comments on such classes as parts of speech.
· Give comments on thematic and ideographical groups.
· Give comments on the theories of semantic fields and hyponymy.
· Speak on terminological systems.
· Speak on different types of non-semantic grouping.
· Speak on classification of set expressions.
· Give comments on similarity and difference between a set expression and a word.
· Speak on types of dictionaries.Speak on some of the main problems of lexicography.
Контрольная работа
Define the following terms
Affix
Affixation -
Allomorphs -
Amelioration or elevation
Americanism -
Antonyms -
Assimilation (of a loan word) -
В
Back-formation -
Barbarisms -
Blending or telescoping.
Borrowings (also loan words) -
Compound-derivative or derivational compound -
Compound words or compounds -
Concept (syn. notion) -
Connotation -
Context -
Conversion (
Contextual synonyms
Coordinative (or copulative) compounds
D
Degradation of meaning (also pejoration of meaning) -
Demotivation -
Denotation (see referent) —
Denotational (or denotative) meaning -
Derivation -
Derivational affix -
Diachronic or historic approach (in lexicology)
Dialect (local).
Distribution -
Endocentric compounds
Etymological doublet -
Etymology
Exocentric compounds -
Extension (generalization or widening) of meaning -
Functional (or grammatical) affixes -
H
Homographs
Homonyms
Homonyms proper
Homonyms, partial
. Homophones -
I
Ideographic (relative) synonyms
Idiom -
Immediate Constituents (IC's) -
Lexical meaning -
Lexicology -
M
Meaning-
Metaphor -
Metonymy
Morpheme -
Morphemic level of analysis
Morphological motivation
Motivation -
N
Narrowing of meaning (or specialization)
Neologism —
О
Origin of borrowing.
Paradigm -
Phraseological units
Phraseology
Polysemantic words
Prefix -
Prefixation -
R
Root (morpheme)
Semantic field
Semantic motivation
Stem
Suffix
Suffixation -
W
Word -
Word-composition
Choose the right answer
1.Find an example of full lexical homonyms:
a) lead {вести) - lead {свинец);
b ball {мяч) -ball {бал);
c rose {роза) - rose {past tense from to rise);
d flat {плоский) - flat {квартира).
2.Find an example of partial lexical homonyms:
a) match {матч) — match {спичка);
b) seal {тюлень) — seal {печать);
c) to lie {лежать) - to lie {лгать);
d) coarse {грубый) - course {курс).
3.Find an example of full lexico-grammatical homonyms:
a) club (и) - to club (v);
b) pail (n) - pale {ad]);
c) since {prep) ~ since {conj);
d) to lie {лежать) - to lie {лгать).
4. Find a word formed with the help of a non-productive prefix:
a) enlarge; c) dislike;
b) international; d) rewrite.
5. Which of the words is built with a prefix denoting negation?
a) unbutton; c) illegal;
b) counter-attack; d) demobilize.
6. Which of the words has a prefix denoting repetition?
a) enrich; c) return;
b) befriend; d) reappear.
7. Which of the prefixes denotes time relations?
a) pre-; c) in-;
b) un-; d) dis-.
8. Find a noun built with the help of a lexicalized grammatical suffix:
a) darkness; c) teaching;
b) translation; d) actress.
9. Which of the suffixes is used for the formation of nouns?
a) -ness; c) -less;
b) -ish; d) -ize.
10. Which of the suffixes is a verb-suffix?
a) -an; c) -ing;
b) -en; d) -tion.
11. Which of the suffixes is an adjective-suffix?
a) -er; c) -ness;
b) -ous; d) -fy.
12. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting a female being:
a) teacher; c) Japanese;
b) cyclist; d) farmerette.
13. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting diminutive-
ness:
a) cutter; c) decorator;
b) booklet; d) hostess.
14. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting collectivity:
a) peasantry; c) socialism;
b) greatness; d) teaching.
15. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting the agent of
a verbal action:
a) pianist; c) instructor;
b) auntie; d) villager.
16. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting the process of
an action:
a) singer; c) darkness;
b) development; d) freedom.
17. Find a noun built with the help of a suffix denoting state:
a) realism; c) happiness;
b) trustee; d) translation.
18. Which of the nouns is built with the help of a productive suffix?
a) victory; c) passage;
b) violinist; d) freedom.
19. Which of the nouns is built with the help of a non-productive sui
fix?
a) assistance; c) darvinism;
b) tenderness; d) resolution.
20. Which of the adjectives is built with the help of a suffix denoting
the absence of the quality?
a) childish; c) hopeless;
b) eatable; d) talkative.
21. Find an adjective built with the help of a suffix denoting the pre
sence of the quality in a small degree:
a) powerful; c) bookish;
b) worthless; d) reddish.
22. Find an adjective built with the help of a productive suffix:
a) mighty; c) European;
b) fashionable; d) joyous.
23. Find an adjective built with the help of a non-productive suffix:
a) poetical; c) collective;
b) sunny; d) careless.
24. Which of the verbs is built with the help of a productive suffix?
a) organize; c) unite;
b) illustrate; d) specify.
25. Which of the nouns is built with the help of a Germanic suffix?
a) guidance; c) frequency;
b) lioness; d) cleverness.
26. Find a suffixated adjective formed from an adjective stem:
a) dirty; c) movable;
b) bearded; d) greenish.
27. Find the case of noun - verb conversion:
a) a cut - to cut; c) a jump - to jump;
b) a break - to break; d) a pen - to pen.
28. Find the case of verb - noun conversion:
a) to book-book; c) to step-step;
b) to even - even; d) to dust - dust.
29. Find the case of adjective - verb conversion:
a) silver - to silver; c) spoon - to spoon;
b) round - to round; d) camp - to camp.
30. Find a denominal verb denoting an action produced with the object (instrumental relations):
a) a crowd - to crowd; c) a dog - to dog;
b) a pump - to pump; d) a pocket - to pocket.
31. Find a denominal verb denoting some action characteristic of the subject:
a) hammer - to hammer; c) bag - to bag;
b) doctor - to doctor; d) dress - to dress.
32. Find a denominal verb denoting deprivation of the object:
a) ape - to ape; c) finger - to finger;
b) scalp - to scalp; d) head - to head.
33. Find a denominal verb denoting placing into the object (relations
of place):
a) head - to head; c) elbow - to elbow;
b) bottle - to bottle; d) saw - to saw.
34. Find an example of a subordinate compound:
a) fifty-fifty; c) walkie-talkie;
b) actor-manager; d) snowball.
35. Find a syntactic compound word:
a) thick-headed; c) green-eyed;
b) nobleman; d) writing-table.
36. Find an asyntactic compound word:
a) dark-blue; c) sweet-heart;
b) heartache; d) bluebell.
37. Find a compound with a unity stress:
a) sun-flower; c) ill-nature;
b) door-nail; d) snow-white.
38. Find a compound with a double stress (primary and secondary):
a) dog-kennel; c) bluebell;
b) heartache; d) workhouse.
39. Find a compound with two level stresses:
a) torch-light; c) fellow-man;
b) newspaper; d) bookcase.
40. Find a completely motivated compound:
a) bottle-opener; c) greenhouse;
b) handcuff; d) dog-rose.
41. Find a partially motivated compound:
a) sky-blue; c) flower-bed;
b) dog-eared; d) table-cloth.
42. Find a non-motivated (idiomatic) compound:
a) sunrise; c) engine-driver;
b) narrow-minded; d) bluestocking.
43. Find an example of graphical abbreviation:
a) Mr. Brown's office; c) MP's speech;
b) V-Day celebration; d) UNESCO.
44. Find a lexical abbreviation:
a) tram; c) fancy;
b) YCL; d) e.g.
45. Find a lexical abbreviation which is read as a succession of the alphabetical readings of the constituent letters:
a) BBC; c) radar;
b) Mrs.; d) WAAF.
46. Find an acronym:
a) H-bomb c) USA
b) NATO d) T.U.D.
Темы рефератов
1. Заимствования в английском языке.
2. Скандинавские заимствования в словарном составе современного английского языка.
3. Словосложение. Определение. Критерии производного слова.
4. Проблема определения слова. Мотивация формы слова.
5. Слово и морфема. Корень, основа, аффикс.
6. Метафора и метонимия.
7. Морфологическая классификация словарного состава. Корневые слова, производные слова, сложные слова.
8. Семантическая классификация словарного состава.
9. Лексическое значение слов. Денотативное и коннотативное значения.
10. Лексическое значение слова и понятие.
11. Различные типы семантических изменений слов.
12. Конверсия в современном английском языке. Проблема определения конверсии.
13. Омонимы. Определение и классификация лексических омонимов.
14. Общая характеристика словарного состава современного английского языка.
15. Синонимы. Определение и классификация синонимов.
16. Антонимы. Определение и классификация антонимов.
17. Историческое развитие конверсии.
18. Аффиксация. Классификации аффиксов.
Рекомендуемая учебная литература.
1. Зыкова И.В. Практический курс английской лексикологии. – М: Академия, 2006
2. Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка. English Lexicology. - М., 2001.
3. Дубенец Э.М. Modern English Lexicology: Theory and Practice. Лексикология современного языка: лекции и семинары. - М., 2002.
4. Arnold I.V. The English Word. - L., 1986.
Дополнительная литература.
1. Антрушина Г.Б. Общие проблемы синонимии. - М., 1971.
2. Архипов И.К. Семантика производного слова английского языка. - М., 1984.
3. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика английского языка. - М., 1977.
4. Заботкина В.И. Новая лексика современного английского языка. - М., 1989.
5. Комлев Н.Г. Слово в речи. - М., 1992.
6. Кунин А.В. Курс фразеологии современного английского языка. - М., 1986.
7. Маковский М.М. Английские социальные диалекты. - М., 1982.
8. Мешков О.Д. Словосложение в современном английском языке. - М., 1985.
9. Минаева Л.В. Слово в языке и речи. - М., 1986.
10. Alexandrova Olga, Ter-Minasova Svetlana. English Syntax (Collocation, Colligation and Discourse). - M., 1987.
11. Collins Cobuild English Guides. Word Formation. - London, 1991.