1. We have a system of total quality management (TQM), including quality circles: groups of employees who met regularly to suggest improvements.
2. Jim, the production manager at an electricity power station in the UK says that they use a system which is called benchmarking to compare their performance to other power stations.
3. They completely redesigned all their processes in management, administration and customer service.
4. They eliminated three levels of management and installed new computer system.
Задание 5. Вставьте слова (даны ниже), необходимые по смыслу.
1. I’m a freelancegraphic designer, a freelancer. That means I work for myself – I’m …. To use the official term, I’m a sole trader.
2. We have set up our own architecture …. There are no… in the organization apart from us, the partners. A lot of professional people like lawyers, accountants and so on, work in partnerships.
3. I’m the … director and main shareholder of a small electronics company in Scotland called Advanced Corporation Ltd. ‘Ltd’ means limited company. The other shareholders and I have …: we do not have to use our personal property, such as a house or car, to pay the company’s debts.
4. I’m the chief … of a British company called Megaco PLC. ‘ PLC’ means public limited company, so anybody can buy and sell … in Megaco on the stock market.
5. I’m CEO of Bigbucks Inc. ‘ Inc’ stands for Incorporated. This shows that we are a …, a term used especially in the US for companies with limited liability.
(managing, corporation, shareholders, shares, limited liability, self-employed, executive, partnership)
Задание 6. Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
a. Ответьте на вопросы.
b. Найдите в тексте слова, о значении которых можно догадаться (интернациональные слова). с. Выпишите их и вспомните, какие производные от этих слов ( или словосочетания ) вы знаете.
A.
1. The people who run a company are known as the management. Successful business people, especially heads of large organizations, are business leaders. The management is made up of individual managers. The managers are usually appointed to their posts (or positions) by the board of directors. All the directors together are the Board.
2. If a manager is appointed to a higher position/post in the firm, he is promoted. When someone is promoted he usually receives a pay rise. The selection, training and promoting of employees is a continuous process in every large organization. Most companies center this in a personnel department. In large companies, personnel management also involves recruiting and training administrators and negotiating with labor unions.
3. Non-executive directors are not managers of the company; they are outsiders who have particular knowledge of the industry or particular areas. These people head up their departments (Sales Dep., Research and Development Dep., Finance (Accounting) Dep., Personnel Dep., etc.). An executive is usually a manager at quite a high level. In the US, the top position is are often combined with the position of chief executive officer or CEO. Some companies have a chief operating officer who takes care of the day-to-day running of the company.
B.
1. In large organizations, leaders should spend no more than ten hours a day in their offices. The rest of the time, they should be out with their people, talking to lower-level and getting their feedback on problem areas. They should be making short speeches and handing out awards. They should be travelling widely throughout their organizations.
2. The best leaders are those whose minds are never closed and who are eager to deal with new issues. Leaders should not change their minds too frequently after a major decision has been made, but if they never reconsider, they are beginning to show a degree of rigidity and inflexibility that creates problems for the organization.
3. Executives must discipline their schedules, their post, their telephones, their travel schedules and their meetings. Staying busy and working long hours are not necessarily a measurement of leadership effectiveness.
4. Leaders may run efficient organizations, but they do not really serve the long-term interests of the institution unless they plan, set goals and provide strategic perception.
5. The leader must be willing to teach skills, to share insights and experiences, and to work very closely with people to help them mature and be creative.
6. Leaders should let people know that life is not so important that you can’t sit back occasionally and be amused by what is happening. Humour can be a great reliever of tension.
7. Reliability is something that leaders must have in order to provide stability and strength to organizations. Leaders must be willing to be flexible but consistency and coherence are important elements of large organizations.
8. Leaders must not only understand the major elements of their businesses but also must keep up with the changes.
9. Leaders should be able to look at themselves objectively and analyze where they have made mistakes and where they have disappointed people.