THE FACULTY OF PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology as a science studies mental activity and human behaviour. Psychologists study basic functions such as learning, memory, language, thinking, emotions and motives. They investigate development throughout the life span from birth to death. They are involved in mental and physical health care. Also phsychologists treat people who are emotionally distressed.

Psychology occupies a strategic position between natural and social sciences on the one hand, and between sciences and humanities, on the other.

Diagram

The following diagram illustrates the place of psychology among the sciences and humanities

1. Natural Sciences Physics Chemistry Pharmacology Mathematics   II. Social Sciences Anthropology Sociology Economics Political Science Linguistics

Zoology   Neurophysiology and Anatomy     Psychology

III. Humanities Philosophy Literature History of Art Religion   IV. Applications Education Law and Criminology Management Medicine Psychiatry

Each of the subjects listed in the four groups has its own relationship with psychology. For example, a knowledge of physics and chemistry is necessary to provide a scientific basis for experimental psychology. Psychology is also closely linked to sociology. But whereas sociologists direct their attention to groups, group processes, and social forces, social psychologists focus on group and social influences on individuals. Psychology and biology are also closely connected. Physiological psychologists investigate the role of the brain and the nervous system in such functions as memory, language, sleep, attention, movement, perception, hunger, anger and joy. On the other hand, psychologists took much from the theory of knowledge, logic and philosophy of science..

The word “psychology” is derived from the Greek word meaning “ study of the mind or soul. ” So in the definition of psychology there are three basic words: “science,” “behaviour,” “mental processes.”

“Science” means rational investigation of processes and phenomena. By “behaviour ” psychologists mean everything that people and animals do: actions, emotions, ways of communication, and developmental processes. “Mental processes” characterize the work of the mind and the nervous system.

Major Spesialists in Psychology

THE FACULTY OF HISTORY

Rostov State University’s Faculty of History offers a wide variety of courses and majors in the humanities. Originally, the History Department was included in the Philology Department. Now, the two departments are separate and the History Department ranks among the largest in the University.

Since its inception, the History Department has been one of the most active and respected faculties in the University. The Department’s first Chairperson was a world famous historian, Professor Pokrovsky. The department has produced many outstanding innovators, researchers and teachers of historical science. Current enrolment in the department is 75 students with an additional 15 students studying on commercial terms.

The department provides the following specialties: world history, history of social movements and political parties, archaeology and regional studies.

The curriculum consists of the following areas of study:

1. Subjects within the major: the history of primitive society, ancient history, the history of the middle ages, modern and contemporary history, local history, historiography, resource studies, the science of bibliography, the history of native cultures, the history of world religion and the history of the Russian Orthodox Church.

2. Subjects in the humanities and socio-economic disciplines: philosophy, educational methodology, sociology, politics, and economics.

3. Subjects in the natural sciences: computer technology, environmental planning studies and so forth.

The History Department is broken up into seven sub-departments:

· the Department of Russian History of Feudalism and Special Historical Disciplines;

· the Department of 19^th and Early 20^th Century Russian History;

· the Department of Contemporary Russian History;

· the Department of Social Movements and History of Political Parties in Russia;

· the Department of Ancient and Medieval History;

· the Department of Modern and Contemporary History;

· the Department of Political History.

Three of these have a common research area; Russian History. This field deals with a broad range of topics including the history of the Don River region and the people of the Northern Caucasus which track the history of this rich region from the time of feudal lords to modern times. The Department of Ancient and Medieval History devotes itself to

the study of the spiritual and economical culture of the Don region during the Middle Ages concentrating on the link between the people of this region and the social and political development of Western Europe.

The Department of Modern and Contemporary History is concerned with the social and political history of modern Europe, North America, Asia and Africa.

The professors and instructors of these departments rank among the leading experts in historical research. Recently, the historical sciences have experienced an exciting phase of development. New approaches, new techniques and new areas of interest have allowed many documents and artifacts to be reinterpreted. This has made history a more appealing subject to study.

Graduates of Rostov State University’s History Department are sought by a wide range of employers. After finishing their course work and graduating, students often become civil servants, politicians, librarians, museum curators, archive managers, tour guides or business people. Young specialists also work as teachers in secondary schools and universities.

THE FACULTY OF LAW

Rostov State University divides its law training into two parts: the first three years are devoted to basic education of a rather general and fundamental nature, and the last two years to specific research work, together with the preparation of a diploma paper. The Faculty of Law tries, moreover, to give its students a civic and social formation which will enable them to be aware of the problems facing the society and have a wish to solve them.

Law is a system of norms, binding the community as a whole, which are prescribed by the state. Law protects and directs the actions of all people equally. The sphere in which law operates is quite extensive and so the study of law embraces various legal branches. For example, State Law and Administrative Law fix the norms of administration and the constitutional system. They determine the legal status of citizens and the activity of the state mechanism. Civil Law and Labour Law fix existing property relations and regulate the distribution of labour and its products between the members of the society. Criminal Law lays down the measures for combating encroachment on the state system and the existing order of social relations. There exist some other branches of law regulating social relationships and dealing with economic, political and cultural development of the state. It is quite natural that Russia needs a lot of law specialists to ensure the proper performance of legal work in all theses spheres.

The Faculty of Law at Rostov State University trains highly qualified lawyers for the needs of state administration and the national economy. It is composed of nine departments:

· the Department of Theory and History State and Law;

· the Department of International and State Law;

· the Department of Civil Law;

· the Department of Civil Procedure;

· the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology;

· the Department of Municipal Law;

· the Department of the Foundations of State and Law;

· the Department of Economic Law.

In the senior years, students specialize in legal studies. They are provided with special courses, thus, considerable deepening their knowledge for their future work in accordance with the chosen specialization.

Senior students are engaged in practical training at various state bodies. For example, they work as investigators in the Prosecurator’s Office. They are present during the examination of witnesses. They also attend the presentation of the indictment against the accused, when the accused is being presented with the ruling on his crime and is handed his punishment. They are required to investigate actions on their own: they have to read the experts’ findings and give their opinion on the validity of these findings. Sometimes they are asked to prepare questions to be put to witnesses during the trial. They take part in the search for evidence. Instructors also require students to describe some details of the crime under investigation.

Graduates can work in various state and private bodies such as:

· the Court and Prosecurator’s Office;

· the organs of internal affairs;

· the legal departments of industrial, supplies-sale and trade organizations;

· the Bar Association;

· military tribunals and the military Prosecurator’s Office.

In no country, regardless of its political or economic system, has the problem of crime been solved, nevertheless people and their governments continue to search for ways to create a safe and more just society. One thing is certain, whatever is done to try to decrease criminal activity, it will be done within the strict rules provided by the Constitution and watched over carefully by the system of courts.