POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN




OUR INSTITUTE

1. Every citizen in our Republic has the right to education. This right is guaranteed by the Constitution.

After finishing school, some young people may want to continue their education. There are different kinds of higher educational institutions for them: state and non-state ones. The Institute of Parliamentarism and Entrepreneurship is among them. It is not very large yet, but it is already known in the Republic for training highly-qualified specialists in different fields of our national economy.

2. The Institute is rather new. It was founded only in 1993. There is one faculty in it: Socio-Economic one which covers a lot of specialities: a lawyer, a specialist in political sciences, a business-administrator, an economist and others. Today our Institute is a collective member and representative of the International Staff Academy in the Republic of Belarus. It is also a co-founder of the International Educational Consortium located in Prague. The motto of our Institute is DOCEMUS VIVERE - we teach to live. Our emblem is an elk – a symbol of wise power.

3. Every day our students listen to lectures given by professors, assistant professors and lecturers and have various classes, foreign languages including. Foreign languages lessons cover grammar, vocabulary, speaking and listening skills, reading and writing. Advanced students in every speciality work in close connection with the teaching staff and are engaged in research work.

4. The academic year begins on the first of September and ends in June. It has two terms: the autumn term and the spring term. Each term ends with examinations which take place in January and in June. During the academic year students work hard. Attendance at lectures is compulsory. Our students go to the Institute every day except Sunday.

5. About fifty per cent of our students prefer correspondent training because they live and work far from the Institute and they don’t want to leave their jobs at enterprises and firms and at various state and private institutions. Twice a year they come to the Institute to attend lectures or classes and to take their examinations.

6. I have also entered this Institute and I am a day-time student at the Socio-Economic faculty. We have everything necessary for our studying. The Institute enjoys good premises which comprise modern computer classes equipped with electronic means of communication; ling-guaphone classrooms with audio- and video-equipment which promote intensive foreign languages learning; classrooms, lecture halls, conference halls, a library, a publishing center, a gymnasium, and a café’. Our class-rooms and lecture-halls are large enough, well-lighted and clean. We are taught a lot of subjects and we do our best to cope with them. Only at the week-end we have some free time which each student arranges to suit him best. I have always dreamed of getting higher education. Now this dream is coming true.

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN

 

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. It means that the sovereign reigns but does not rule.

Britain does not have a written constitution, but a set of laws.

Parliament is the most important authority in Britain. Technically Parliament is made up of three parts: the Monarch, the House of Lords; and the House of Commons. In reality the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power.

The monarch serves formally as head of state. But the monarch is expected to be politically neutral and should not make political decisions.

The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. She was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1953.

The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament. There are 650 of them in the House of Commons. They are elected by secret ballot. General elections are held every five years. The country is divided into 650 constituencies. All citizens, aged 18 and registered in a constituency, have the right to vote. But voting is not compulsory in Britain. Only persons convicted of corrupt and certain mentally ill patients don't take part in voting.

There are few political parties in Britain thanks to the British electoral system. The main ones are: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party and the Liberal / Social Democratic Alliance.

Each political party puts up one candidate for each constituency. The one who wins the most votes is elected MP for that area.

The party which wins the most seats in Parliament forms the Government. Its leader becomes the Prime Minister. His first job is to choose his Cabinet. The Prime Minister usually takes policy decisions with the agreement of the Cabinet.

The functions of the House of Commons are legislation and scrutiny of government activities. The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker. The Speaker is appointed by the Government.

The House of Lords comprises about 1,200 peers. It is presided by the Lord Chancellor. The House of Lords has no real power. It acts rather as an advisory council.
It's in the House of Commons that new bills are introduced and debated. If the majority of the members are in favour of a bill, it goes to the House of Lords to be debated. The House of Lords has the right to reject a new bill twice.

But after two rejections they are obliged to accept it. And finally a bill goes to the monarch to be signed. Only then it becomes law.

Parliament is responsible for British national policy. Local governments are responsible for organizing of education, police and many others.



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