Task 6. Read the texts of amendments XIlI and XIV of the US Constitution and translate them into Russian.

Amendment 13. Abolition of slavery. This amendment was proposed on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865.

Section 1.

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to the jurisdiction.

Section 2.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment 14. Civil rights. This amendment was proposed on June 13, 1866, and ratified on July 9,1868.

Section 1.

All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2.

Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State (excluding Indians not taxed). But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

Section 3.

No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Section 4.

The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave, but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section 5.

The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

Task 7. Translate the following articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation into English.

Статья 1.

1. Российская Федерация – Россия есть демократи­ческое федеративное правовое государство с республи­канской формой правления.

Статья 10.

1.Государственная власть в Российской Федерации осуществляется на основе разделения на законодатель­ную, исполнительную и судебную. Органы законода­тельной, исполнительной и судебной власти самостоя­тельны.

Статья 19.

1. Все равны перед законом и судом.

2. Государство гарантирует равенство прав и свобод человека и гражданина независимо от пола, расы, на­циональности, языка, происхождения, имущественного и должностного положения, места жительства, отно­шения к религии, убеждений, принадлежности к об­щественным объединениям, а также других обстоя­тельств. Запрещаются любые формы ограничения прав граждан по признакам социальной, расовой, националь­ной, языковой или религиозной принадлежности.

Статья 81.

1. Президент Российской Федерации избирается на пять лет гражданами Российской Федерации на основе всеобщего равного и прямого избирательного права при тайном голосовании.

2. Президентом Российской Федерации может быть избран гражданин Российской Федерации не моложе 35 лет, постоянно проживающий в Российской Феде­рации не менее 10 лет.

3. Одно и то же лицо не может занимать должность Президента Российской Федерации более двух сроков подряд.

Статья 95.

1. Федеральное собрание состоит из двух палат – Совета Федерации и Государственной Думы.

2. В Совет Федерации входят по два представителя от каждого субъекта Российской Федерации: по одному от представительного и исполнительного органов государственной власти.

3. Государственная Дума состоит из 450 депутатов.
Статья 118.

1. Правосудие в Российской Федерации осуществ­ляется только судом.

2. Судебная власть осуществляется посредством кон­ституционного, гражданского, административного и уголовного судопроизводства.

Task 8. Complete the following text with the following words and phrases: jurisprudence, electoral districts, provisions, laissez-faire, invalidate, amendments, freedoms, voluntary abortion, procedural, privacy, suspect, segregation, accused, liberties, deprived

Until the New Deal the court used the... of the Consti­tution concerning individual rights primarily to protect property and economic.... That use helped to preserve a system of... economy against state and federal efforts to interfere with the market. In particular, the “due process” clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth... (no person shall be... of “life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”) were often employed by the court to... social legislation. In the second half of the 20th century the posture of the court has changed entirely. The court today seldom concerns itself with economic liberties. It is engaged rather in protecting citizens’ noneconomic... as well as their equality before the law, focusing on issues such as civil and political rights.... rights in the criminal and administrative processes, or the right to.... In the course of developing this new... the court has declared unconstitutional... in the schools and malapportionment in...; it has defended the rights of the... and of the...; it has liberalized....