1. The term "energy shortage", when used to say that the world is running out of energy resources, is not correct. The world is not short of energy resources. Man's need is to convert sufficient amounts of the earth's energy into usable products as population and demand grow.
2. There is a continuous flow of energy into and out of the Earth's surface environment. The largest source of the energy flow is solar radiation. It is an unlimited source of energy. Most solar energy is unused. Only a small part of it is caught by plant leaves and stored as chemical energy. It becomes the source of food energy for humans and animals.
3. Solar energy is the original source of fossil fuels too. Through the ages the remains of plants and animals have been stored in the earth and have become our source of coal, oil and natural gas. But these resources may last two - three centuries. These fossil fuels are limited and non-renewable in the next million years.
4. Man must not only convert these fossil fuels into useable energy. But he must also create and adapt energy from other sources. These sources known as renewable are: wind, water, the Sun, geothermal processes and nuclear fission. For example, man can convert solar energy directly to electricity. Synthetic oil and gas can be produced from coal. These are the aims of today’s technologies. Man’s activity in this sphere offers hope for the future.
Задания по грамматике
1. Переведите на русский язык:
Oil founded in Siberia; the proposal supported by many delegations; the laboratory provided with all the necessary equipment; the question connected with the fight for peace; the idea of peaceful coexistence recognized by many countries; dynamite invented by Nobel; a settlement reached through negotiations; the foreign policy based on full equality and mutual respect; the programme adopted by the congress.
2. Переведите:
a broken glass – …
a raised hand – …
a drawn picture – …
a well-known writer – …
well-done work – …
a badly-made – …
закрытая дверь – …
оставленная тетрадь – …
разбитая тарелка – …
хорошо одетая девушка – …
найденная ручка –…
прочитанная книга – …
3. Образуйте Participle I и Participle II от следующих глаголов и переведите их:
to cut, to begin, to open, to play, to write, to give, to read, to grow, to print, to point, to break, to explain
4. Зачеркните лишнее:
1. The girl (playing / played) in the garden is my sister.
2. My younger brother doesn’t like to put away toys (scattering / scattered) all over the floor.
3. Leaves (lying / lain) on the ground always remind us about September.
4. I’ll show you animals (drawing / drawn) by my brother.
5. Show me the pupils (learning / learned) English.
6. The child (sleeping / slept) on the sofa is my grandson.
7. Have you got any (cutting / cut) bread.
8. The man (sitting / sat) at the open window is looking at the children (playing / played) in the yard.
5. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык и определите, каким членом предложения является герундий:
1. We think of going to the Crimea next summer.
2. Everybody was surprised at seeing him there.
3. She was accused of telling a lie.
4. I am afraid of catching cold.
5. There was little hope of getting tickets for this match.
6. In winter you will have a chance of skiing and skating.
7. Swimming in such weather, is very pleasant.
8. It's no use [ju:s] (бесполезно) hurrying to the cinema. It is already late.
9. This book is not worth (не стоит) reading.
10. I am used to getting up early.
11. When will you finish reading this book?
12. Do you mind my opening the window?
13. Before leaving for Moscow I shall ring you up.
14. On coming home he began doing his home-work.
15. After saying this she left the room.
16. The students can improve (улучшить) their pronunciation by reading aloud.
6. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Укажите, чем является форма на -ing и какую функцию в предложении она выполняет:
1. Major Gagarin was congratulated by N. S. Khrushchov on his successful landing. 2. Going home he remembered that he had to buy something for supper. 3. When he entered the room he understood that they had already begun working. 4. At the very beginning of their trip they found that they had left the kettle at home. 5. Reading English books is very useful for improving your knowledge of the language. 6. He left the room saying, I'll be back in a few minutes. 7. He was sitting at his writing-table looking through the newspaper. 8. Excuse me for being late. 9. They were tired of playing football. 10. You should go on working. 11. You can take a train leaving for Kiev at 6 p. m.
7. Определите функции инфинитива и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:
1. I have come here to help you.
2. To walk in bad weather is not pleasant.
3. We were too tired to continue our way.
4. It is difficult to translate such texts.
5. Let's hurry so as not to be late.
6. Our task is to master English.
7. Peace must be fought for.
8. They can't take part in this conference.
9. His wish was to be given this work.
10. I did not expect him to behave in such a way.
11. We decided to meet in the park.
12. I am glad to see you in Moscow.
13. The teacher advised us to see this play.
14. Comrade Belov was the last to come to the finish.
15. I have no pencil to write with.
16. The questions to be discussed at to-morrow's meeting are very important.
17. James is expected to make a report next Wednesday.
18. It's necessary for the students to speak English every day.
19. Lomonosov is known to be the father of Russian science.