UNIT 4
THE HIGHER SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
Read and translate the text
The system of education in Kazakhstan
Nowadays in Kazakhstan you can realize your dream of getting education at universities, polytechnics and colleges. Students working for their first degree at university are called undergraduates. When they take their degree we say that they graduate and then they are called graduates. If they continue studying at university after they have graduated, they are called post-graduates. In general, the first degree of Bachelor is given to students who pass examinations at the end of four years of study.
Further study or research is required at the modern universities for the first post-graduate degree of Master, and at all state universities for that of Doctor.
In Kazakhstan full-time university students (students who spend all their time studying and have no other employment), have two terms of about fifteen weeks in each year.
University teaching combines lectures given by professors, readers or lecturers, practical classes (in scientific subjects) and small group teaching in seminars or tutorials.
The course of study is based upon compulsory and optional subjects.
Junior students go into passive practical work at organizations. Factories and enterprises according to their speciality.
Senior students spend about fifteen weeks on aching practice. They learn the use of different aids, technologies, audio-visual facilities, observe experienced workers and take an active part in discussing them with a supervisor on practical work.
Examinations are held at the end of each term. Final examinations (or finals) are taken at the end of the course.
Of course, the system of education, as everywhere, has some advantages and disadvantages. Because it is not free; you can get a grant in the cases if you leave school with “Altyn Belgy”, or pass entrance examinations successfully. The others pay for getting education.
ПЕРЕВОД:
В настоящее время в Казахстане вы можете реализовать свою мечту о получении образования в университетах, политехнических и колледжей. Студенты, работающие на их первой степени в университете называются магистрантов. Когда они получить степень мы говорим, что они закончат, а затем они называются выпускник. Если они будут продолжать учиться в университете после того как они graduated, они называются аспирантоми. В общем, первый degree бакалавра отдается студентам, которые проходят экзамены в конце четырех лет обучения. Дальнейшее изучение или исследования необходимы в современных universities для первой степени в аспирантуре магистра, и на всех государственных университетов для этого доктора. В Казахстане студентов-очников вузов (студентов, которые проводят все свое время, изучая и не имеют другой работы), есть два условия пятнадцать недель каждый год. Университетского преподавания сочетает в себе лекции, professors, читателей или преподавателей, практические занятия (в научных subjects) и малых учение группы в семинарах или учебных пособий. Курс обучения основан на обязательных и факультативных предметов.
Младшие студенты идут в пассивный практической работы в организациях.Заводы и предприятия в зависимости от их специальности. Старшие студенты проводят около пятнадцати недель на боли в практику.Они учатся использовать различные средства, технологии, аудио-визуальных средств, наблюдать опытных работников и принять активное участие в discussing их с руководителем по практической работе. Экзамены проводятся в конце каждого семестра. Заключительные examinations (или финале) взяты в конце курса. Конечно, система образования, как и везде, есть свои преимущества и недостатки. Потому что это не бесплатно; Вы можете получить грант в случаях, если вы оставите школу с "Алтын Belgy", или сдать вступительные экзамены успешно. Остальные платить за получение образования.
Read and translate the text
Higher education in Great Britain
Libraries full of books have been written on the education system in Britain, but recently it has been changing considerably.
Compulsory education begins at 5, and children attend primary school until they are 11. Normally the primary school is divided into Infants (5 — 7) and Juniors (7 — 11).
At the age of 11 most children go to a comprehensive school where they stay until they are 16. In the past children went to different types of secondary schools, but in most parts of the country everybody now goes to a comprehensive.
Some parents, who do not want their children to go to a comprehensive pay to send them to a private school. The most expensive and prestigious private schools are actually called public schools.
At the age of 16 people take their examinations. Most take General Certificate of Education (G. С E.). Ordinary Levels — normally called just 'O' Levels. People take 'O' Levels in as many subjects as they want to; some take one or two, others take as many as nine or ten,
If you get good 'O' Level results, you can stay on at school until you are 18, in the Sixth Form. Here you prepare for Advanced Level Exams ('A' Levels). Again, you take as many of these as you want to, but most people take two or three.
In case you pass your exams well you have a chance of going on to university though this is not automatic. The number of people who study there is strictly controlled. Other types of further education are offered at polytechnics and colleges of higher education. Polytechnics offer the chance to study subjects in a more practical way, and many colleges of higher education specialize in teacher training.
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