Translate the following sentences into English to summarise the text.

MEETINGS

1. Match the expressions from the text with their Russian equivalents:

Reading

Read the text to learn about the role of meetings in the job of a manager.

Meetings

Business people spend quite a lot of time in meetings and meetings come in all shapes and sizes: ranging from formal committee meetings to informal one-to-one meetings. There are several reasons why meetings are held:

• reaching decisions in a meeting means that all the participants can feel more committed to the decision;

• more information is available;

• different ideas can be contributed.

Meetings can lead to more imaginative and informed decisions - often more courageous decisions than one person might feel brave enough to make.

Some of the drawbacks are the following:

• more time is required;

• there's more talk (sometimes irrelevant and repetitive);

• and more group pressure.

The more people there are at a meeting, the longer it may take to reach a decision. There seem to be ideal sizes for meetings, depending on the purpose - a meeting where information is being given to people can be quite large, as questions from the floor may be asked by a few individuals on everyone else's behalf.

The way a committee operates often depends on the style of its leader or chairperson: he or she may control the proceedings very strictly, or let everyone speak whenever they want. An effective chairman should be flexible. In some meetings the members have to take a vote before a decision can be made: formal proposals or ‘motions’ may have to be tabled, seconded and discussed before a vote can be taken. Other meetings may require a consensus of the members - everyone has to agree.

Most meetings have an agenda. For a formal meeting, this document must be circulated in advance to all participants. For an informal meeting, the agenda may be simply a list of the points that have to be dealt with. The purpose of an agenda is to speed up the meeting and keep everyone to the point. The agenda for a formal meeting must be organized in logical order. Often the agenda shows not only the topics but the meeting's function regarding each topic (‘to receive a report on…’, ‘to confirm…’, ‘to approve…’, etc.). All items on which a decision is to be taken should appear on the agenda, which would usually have this format:

1. Minutes of last meeting

2. Matters arising

3. n Items

4. n + 1 Any other business (AOB)

Taking minutes - and writing them up later - are special skills, involving decisions like ‘Do we need to know which person made every point?’ and ‘Is this point worth mentioning?’ Minutes usually report details of the time, date and duration of the meeting and the names of those present, but the content of the report itself may be detailed or brief, depending on the anticipated readership.

One-to-one or small informal meetings also tend to be structured (usually with an agenda) and planned. They are different from chance conversations in a corridor or over coffee. Small informal meetings may also take place or continue during a meal.

Comprehension

3. Answer these questions:

1. What types of meetings are mentioned in the text? Which types are the most efficient in your opinion?

2. Why is it necessary to hold meetings?

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of meetings?

4. Whom does the success of the meeting depend on? What are the two types of chairperson's behavior? Which technique do you find the most efficient?

5. What documents are specially drawn for the meeting? What is mentioned in the agenda / minutes? What's the purpose of compiling these documents?

Translate the following sentences into English to summarise the text.

1. Деловые люди проводят много времени на заседаниях (собраниях).

2. Собрания бывают разными: официальными и неофициальными.

3. Существует несколько причин для проведения собраний: принятие решений, сообщение информации, внесение предложений.

4. У собраний есть свои недостатки: требуется больше времени, обсуждений (не всегда по делу), сильнее ощущается давление со стороны сотрудников.

5. Способ работы комитета зависит от стиля его руководителя (председателя).

6. Грамотный председатель должен быть гибким.

7. Большинство собраний имеют повестку дня; её необходимо раздать заранее всем участникам.

8. Цель повестки дня – ускорить проведение собрания и не отклоняться от темы.

9. Ведение и оформление протокола – это особые навыки.

10. Протокол содержит следующую информацию: дата и время проведения собрания, имена присутствующих, обсуждаемые вопросы.

11. Цель протокола – хранить информацию об обсужденных вопросах, принятых решениях и лицах, ответственных за их выполнение.

Vocabulary

5. Kinds of Meeting: Here are five situations which you could describe as ‘meetings’. Match each situation to one of the five meetings in the box.

1. Several people trying to think of new ideas

2. Two people talking in a corridor

3. One person giving several other people information about a new project

4. A boss talking to someone about his or her recent performance

5. Several people having a regular meeting to discuss the way a project is developing.