There was an interesting result in the experiment.
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XIV. К предложениям из предыдущего упражнения (XIII) поставьте вопросы и дайте отрицательные ответы.
XV. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:
1. В науке есть разные методы исследования. 2. В промышленной сфере будут новые достижения. 3. В природе есть фундаментальные законы. 4. В нашей стране есть много атомных электростанций. 5. На столе был компьютер и сотовый телефон. 6. В робототехнике были большие достижения. 7. В будущем будут проблемы. 8. По поводу этого явления было несколько гипотез.
Выражение “to be going to”
| to be going to | + | любой глагол кроме (!) глаголов go и come | Перевод: «собираться что-либо сделать» |
In winter they are going to visit New York. – Зимой они собираются посетить Нью Йорк.
I was going to meet them at the railway station. – Я собирался встретить их на станции.
XVI. Переведите предложения, обращая особое внимание на личные местоимения и правильность перевода выражения “to be going to”:
1. We are going to apply a new method for investigations. 2. They were going to continue their investigations in this field. 3. The designers are going to develop a high quality machine. 4. He was going to study the laws of nature. 5. They are going to begin the power generation. 6. I was going to make scientific experiments. 7. They are going to manufacture new systems of communication. 8. We are going to solve the problem. 9. You were going to study this phenomenon.
XVII. К предложениям из предыдущего упражнения (XV) поставьте вопросы и дайте отрицательные ответы.
XVIII. Составьте несколько своих предложений с выражением “to be going to”.
Числительные
Количественные:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten).
11- eleven
12 – twelve
13 – thirteen
От 14 до 19 добавляется -teen (four teen, fif teen, six teen, seven teen, eigh teen, nine teen)
10 – ten
20 – twenty
30 – thirty
От 40 до 90 добавляется –ty (for ty, fif ty, six ty, seven ty, eigh ty, nine ty)
100 – a hundred – как только произносится слово a hundred за ним следует and:
108 – a hundred and eight
756 – seven hundred and fifty six
1000 – a thousand
1011 – a thousand and eleven
6 259 – six thousand two hundred and fifty nine
XIX. Прочитайте следующие количественные числительные:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 36, 59, 48, 73, 98, 100, 256, 728, 404, 834, 999, 1 058, 5 026, 63 428, 703 521, 869 008, 1 328 457, 56 378 425.
Порядковые:
1-ый – the first
2 –ой – the second
3 - ий –the third
Далее просто добавляется окончание – th:
4th – the four th
19th – the nineteen th
561st – the five hundred and sixty first
XX. Прочитайте следующие порядковые числительные:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 36, 59, 48, 73, 98, 100, 256, 728, 404, 834, 999, 1 058, 5 026, 63 428, 703 521, 869 008, 1 328 457, 56 378 425.
Text A
Science
Science and engineering are necessary for modern society. Science is a systematic base of human knowledge about nature and society. It is clear that science is not only a system of acquiring knowledge but the investigation and study of phenomena by the scientific methods.
There were always only two main methods of scientific research. These are the generation of hypotheses about a phenomenon and experimentation. Scientific approach is essential for formation of different scientific theories and laws.
There are two main branches in science: experimental science and applied science. Experimental science is new investigations and experimentations in different fields of knowledge. Applied science is the application of scientific knowledge to specific human needs or solving a practical problem. Existing applied science is often impossible without experimental science. Today scientists are going to continue the development of applied science through the achievements in experimental science.
Applied science will be important for high technology development. It will be necessary and essential for designing and making high quality tools and systems. The use of science in industrial fields was the beginning for research and development (R&D).
Задания к тексту A:
1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим русским выражениям:
прикладная наука; два основных метода научного исследования в науке; выработка гипотезы о каком-либо феномене; научные методы; систематическая база знаний; две основных отрасли знаний в науке; применение научных знаний; экспериментальная наука; исследование и развитие; человеческие знания; система приобретения знаний; формирование различных научных теорий и законов.
II. Прочитайте и переведите предложения. К каждому предложению поставьте вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:
1. Science is a systematic base of knowledge. 2. There were always only two main methods of scientific research in science. 3. The scientific approach is essential in the formation of hypotheses, theories, and laws. 4. There are two main branches in science. 5. Applied science is the application of scientific knowledge to specific human needs. 6. Science is a highly skilled technique or practice.
III. Ответьте письменно на вопросы:
1. What is science?
2. Is science a system of acquiring knowledge by the scientific methods?
3. How many methods were there always in science?
4. What are they?
5. What are essential for formation of different scientific theories and laws?
6. How many branches are there in science?
7. What is important for technology development?
8. What was the beginning for research and development (R&D)?
IV. Переведите текст А письменно.
Text B
Technology
The difference between science, engineering and technology is not always clear. Science is a system of acquiring knowledge on the base of scientific methods. Engineering is the process of designing and making tools and systems for practical human needs.
Technology is a combination of organizational and technical methods, skills, processes, techniques, tools and materials. These are important in the process of manufacturing products with optimal quality. Technology is impossible without scientific knowledge. The base of the modern technology is achievements in science progress.
Technology is often a result of science and engineering combination. But in some human activity technology is the beginning of these two fields. For example, existing tools and knowledge are necessary for different investigations and experiments. These investigations and experiments will be the beginning of new stages in technology.
Modern technology is a very important factor in society development. In many countries technology helps develop progressive economies. There are an extraordinary number of examples of using science and technology in society today. An example of modern technology is the development of communication technology. There will be fewer barriers to human interaction in future. One great example is the mobile phone.
The high stage of development of modern technologies is high technology (hi-tech). Microelectronics, computer engineering, robotics, nuclear power engineering, aircraft and rocket technologies are the subjects of hi-tech.
Задания к тексту B:
I. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим русским выражениям:
разные исследования и эксперименты; процесс производства изделий с оптимальным качеством; атомная энергетика; различие между наукой, техникой и технологией; экстраординарное количество примеров; сочетание организационных и технических методов, навыков, процессов, способов, инструментов и материалов; развитие технологии связи; процесс проектирования и изготовления инструментов и систем для практических нужд; очень важный фактор в развитии общества.
II. Сформулируйте в нескольких словах содержание каждого абзаца.
III. Напишите резюме к тексту.
IV. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is science?
2. What is engineering?
3. What is technology?
4. Are science and techniques necessary for technology?
5. What is an example of modern technology?
6. Why is the communication technology a very important factor in society’s development?
7. What is a great example of the communication technology?
8. What is hi-tech?
9. What is are the subjects of hi-tech?
V. Перескажите текст, используя в качестве плана вопросы предыдущего упражнения.