ТВОРЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА
по дисциплине «Второй иностранный язык в профессиональном общении»
«A day in the life of the average American»
Обучающегося
1 курса 2 МН группы
Очной формы обучения
Темниковой Тамары Павловны
Преподаватель:
к.ф.н., доц.Коздринь Петр Романович
Санкт-Петербург
2017
Оглавление
1. The American Time Use Survey from 2014. 3
1.1 Working. 4
1.3 Leisure Activities. 4
1.4 Care of children. 4
2. The Moving Bubbles Chart 5
2.1 Waking up. 6
2.2 Lunch hour 7
2.3 Getting off work. 8
2.4 Winding down. 9
Glossary. 10
Списокиспользованнойлитературы.. 11
The American Time Use Survey from 2014
It’s interesting to see how Americans spend their days. But the views are limited in what you or other people can see.
According to the Bureau of Labor Services’ Time Use Survey, most Americans lead a pretty easy life. Every year the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) which is conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics asks thousands of people age 15 and over about how they spend their time and what they do during a 24-hour period. In the ATUS there are descriptions of survey methodology, concepts and definitions, processing and estimation. While it’s problematic to compare who have jobs to those who don’t, the data gives a useful insight into the national average.
In my project I have used the ATUS from 2014. The data of the ATUS 2014 include the average amount of time per day in 2014 that individuals worked, did household activities, spent providing childcare and engaged in leisure and sports activities. The Results of the ATUS 2014 begins with these words: „In 2014, on days they worked, 23 percent of employed persons did some or all of their work at home, and 85 percent did some or all of their work at their workplace […]. In 2003, the first year for which comparable data are available, 19 percent of employed persons did some or all of their work at home, and 87 percent did some or all their work at their workplace on days worked.“ [American Time Use Survey - 2014 Results, P.1]
Working
The survey shows that the average American works around 7.8 hours (women) and 8.4 hours (men) per weekday. 85 percent of employed persons did some or all of their work at their workplace and 23 percent did some or all of their work at home. Employed persons spent more time working at the workplace than at home—8.0 hours compared with 3.2 hours.
Household Activities
On an average day, 83 percent of women and 65 percent of men spent some time doing household activities such as housework, cooking, lawn care, or financial and other household management. On the days they did household activities, women spent an average of 2.6 hours on such activities, while men spent 2.1 hours.
Leisure Activities
On an average day, nearly everyone age 15 and over (96 percent) engaged in some sort of leisure activity such as watching TV, socializing, or exercising. Of those who engaged in leisure activities, men spent more time in these activities (6.0 hours) than did women (5.2 hours).
Care of children
On an average day, among adults living in households with children under age 6, women spent 1.0 hour providing physical care (such as bathing or feeding a child) to household children; by contrast, men spent 23 minutes providing physical care.Adults living in households with children under age 6 spent more time providing primary childcare on an average weekday (2.1 hours) than on an average weekend day (1.8 hours).
The Moving Bubbles Chart
A statistician from the USA, which name is Nathan Yau, tabulated transition probabilities for one activity to the other, such as from work to traveling, for every minute of the day. That provided 1 440 transition matrices, which let him model a day as a time-varying chain. He used a Moving Bubbles Chart to show all the activities during the day.
Each dot represents a person, color represents the activity, and time of day is shown in the top left. As someone changes an activity, for example from sleep to a morning commute, the dot moves accordingly.
Following the timeline of the ATUS, the simulation starts at 4:00 AM and runs through 24 hours. The day starts with little movement as people are asleep and won’t wake up for a few hours. For most, the day starts at 7:00 AM and then it’s off to the races. Then people head to work, run errands, do housework, take care of the kids, commute, relax and eat at almost designated times during the day.
To show the paths Nathan drew lines. In his graphics colors represent paths ending in that activity.
Waking up
Between 6:30am and 7:30am, most people wake up, head into personal care such as showering and brushing teeth, and then head to work, eat breakfast, relax for a bit, and do housework.
Lunch hour
From noon to 1:00pm, you see a lot of movement from work or housework to eating and drinking and then back again. Many also take the time to relax.
Getting off work
Once the clock strikes 5:00pm, people head home to prepare and/or eat dinner.
Winding down
Between 10:00pm and midnight, people wind down for the day, shifting from leisure to personal care and eventually going to sleep.
Glossary
tobeconductedby[kənˈdʌkt] – быть проводимым, осуществляемым
theestimation[ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn] – оценка, мнение, подсчеты
average – среднестатистический, обыкновенный
onaverage[ˈævərɪdʒ] – в среднем
toheadhome – направляться домой
tocommute [kəˈmju:t] – ездить на работу из пригорода в город
Списокиспользованнойлитературы
1. A day in the life of Americans. This is how America runs. – https://flowingdata.com/2015/12/15/a-day-in-the-life-of-americans/
2. A day in the life of the average American – https://www.businessinsider.com/a-weekday-in-the-life-of-the-average-american-2012-8?op=1/#hours-and-27-minutes-of-sleep-1
3. Bureau of Labor Statistics – https://www.bls.gov/home.htm