Hamlet’s soliloquy “To be or not to be”
| № | Early New English sentence | Modern English translation | Form of the infinitive | Function of the infinitive | Russian translation | Transfor-mation technique |
| 1. | To be*, or not to be**, that is the question: | To live*, or to die**? That is the question. | * Indefinite Active ** Indefinite Active | * Subject ** Subject | ...Быть или не быть - таков вопрос; | 100 % coincidence |
| 2. | Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer* The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take** arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end*** them | Is it nobler to suffer* through all the terrible things fate throws at you, or to fight off** your troubles, and, in doing so, end*** them completely? | * Indefinite Active ** Indefinite Active *** Indefinite Active | * Subject ** Subject *** Subject | Что благородней духом – покоряться* Пращам и стрелам яростной судьбы Иль, ополчась** на море смут, сразить*** их Противо-борством? | * Grammatical. Syntactical. The replacement of sentence parts: Subject→ Predicate Lexical. Modulation. страдать→ покоряться ** Grammatical. Syntactical. The replacement of sentence parts: Subject→ Adverbial modifier of manner. The replacement of parts of speech: Infinitive→ «деепричастие» Lexical. Modulation. Отбиться от→ополчась *** Grammatical. Syntactical. The replacement of sentence parts: Subject→ Predicate Lexical. Modulation. Прикончить→ сразить |
| 3. | To die*—to sleep**, No more; and by a sleep to say*** we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to: | To die*, to sleep**—because that’s all dying is— and by a sleep I mean an end to all the heartache and the thousand injuries that we are vulnerable to | * Indefinite Active ** Indefinite Active *** Indefinite Active | * Subject ** Subject *** Subject | Умереть*, уснуть** - И только; и сказать***, что сном кончаешь Тоску и тысячу природных мук, | * 100 % coincidence ** 100 % coincidence *** 100 % coincidence |
| 4. | 'tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish'd. | that’s an end to be wished for! | Indefinite Passive | Attribute | Как такой развязки Не жаждать? | Grammatical. Morphological replacement. The replacement of a form of Infinitive: Passive→ Active |
| 5. | To die*, to sleep**; To sleep***, perchance to dream****—ay, there's the rub: | To die*, to sleep**. To sleep***, perhaps to dream****—yes, but there’s there’s the catch. | * Indefinite Active ** Indefinite Active *** Indefinite Active **** Indefinite Active | * Subject ** Subject *** Subject **** Subject | Умереть*, уснуть**. – Уснуть***! И видеть сны****, быть может? | * 100 % coincidence ** 100 % coincidence *** 100 % coincidence **** 100 % coincidence |
| 6. | For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, | Because the kinds of dreams that might come in that sleep of death | Indefinite Active | Part of a com-pound verbal predicate | Какие сны приснятсяв смертном сне, | Grammatical. Morphological replacement. The replacement of a part of speech: Infinitive→ Finite verb form |
| 7. | When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause—there's the respect That makes calamity of so long life. | After you have left behind your mortal body— are something to make you anxious. That’s the consideration that makes us suffer the calamities of life for so long. | Indefinite Active | Part of a com-pound verbal predicate | Когда мы сбросим этот бренный шум, - Вот что сбивает нас; вот где причина Того, что бедствия так долговечны; | Grammatical. Morphological replacement. The replacement of a part of speech: Infinitive→ Finite verb form Lexical. Modulation. Давать паузу→ Сбивать |
| 8 8. | For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, | Because who would bear all the trials and tribulations of time | Indefinite Active | Part of a com-pound verbal predicate | Кто снес бы плети и глумленье века, | Grammatical. Morphological replacement. The replacement of a part of speech: Infinitive→ Finite verb form |
| 9 9. | When he himself might his quietus make* With a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear**, To grunt*** and sweat**** under a weary life, | When you could just settle* all your debts using nothing more than an unsheathed dagger? Who would bear** his burdens, and grunt*** and sweat****through a tiring life | * Indefinite Active ** Indefinite Active *** Indefinite Active **** Indefinite Active | * Part of a com-pound verbal predicate ** Part of a com-pound verbal predicate *** Adver-bial modifier of purpose **** Adver-bial modifier of purpose | Когда б он сам мог дать* себе расчет Простым кинжалом? Кто бы плелся** с ношей, Чтоб охать*** и потеть**** под нудной жизнью, | * Lexical. Modulation. Покончить жизнь само-убийством→ Дать расчет самому себе ** Grammatical. Morphological replacement. The replacement of a part of speech: Infinitive→ Finite verb form Lexical. Modulation. Нести ношу→ Плелся с ношей. *** 100 % coincidence **** 100 % coincidence |
| And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? | Which we wonder about and which makes us prefer the troubles we know rather than fly off | Indefinite Active | Complex Object | Внушая нам терпетьневзгоды наши И не спешить к другим, от нас сокрытым? | 100 % coincidence |
Cases of the Infinitive
The Participle
| № | Early New English sentence | Modern English translation | Form of the participle | Function of the participle | Russian translation | Trans-formation technique |
| 1 1. | The pangs of dispriz'dlove, the law's delay, | The pangs of unrequited love, the slowness of justice, | Participle II | Attribute | Боль презреннойлюбви, судей медливость, | Grammatical. Morphological replacement. The replacement of a part of speech: Participle II→ Adjective Lexical. Modulation. Осуждаемый→ презренный |
| 22. | The undiscovere'dcountry, from whose bourn No traveller returns, puzzles the will, | That undiscoveredcountry from which no visitor returns, which we wonder about and which makes us | Participle II | Attribute | Безвестныйкрай, откуда нет возврата Земным скитальцам, - волю не смущал, | Grammatical. Morphological replacement. The replacement of a part of speech: Participle II→ Adjective |
| 33. | Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pitch and moment | Willingness to act is madeweak by too much thinking. Actions of great urgency and importance | Participle II | Part of a predicative | Хиреет под налетом мысли бледным, И начинанья, взнесшиеся мощно, | Grammatical. Morphological replacement. The replacement of a part of speech: Participle II→ Finite verb form Syntactical. The replacement of sentence parts: Part of a predicative→ Predicate |
The Gerund
