Тема № 7 «Школьная жизнь»/
“Being a Student”
Урок № 4 (34)
Тема урока «Профессионально-техническое образование: перспективы развития»
Reading – Writing - Speaking
Read the article and do some tasks:
Vocational education is education within vocational schools that prepares people for a specific trade. It directly develops expertise in techniques related to technology, skill and scientific technique to span all aspects of the trade. Vocational education is classified as using procedural knowledge.
Generally known as career and technical education (CTE) or technical and vocational education and training (TVET) it prepares people for specific trades, crafts and careers at various levels from a trade, a craft, technician, or a high professional practitioner position in career's such as engineering, accountancy, nursing, medicine, architecture, law etc. Craft vocations are usually based on manual or practical activities and are traditionally non- academic but related to a specific trade, occupation. It is sometimes referred to as technical education as the trainee directly develops expertise in a particular group of techniques.
Vocational education can be at the secondary, post-secondary level, further education, and higher education level and can interact with the apprenticeship system. Increasingly, vocational education can be recognized in terms of recognition of prior learning and partial academic credit towards tertiary education (e.g., at a university) as credit.
Vocational education is related to the apprenticeship system of learning.
As the labour market becomes more specialized and require higher levels of skill, governments and businesses are increasingly investing in the future of vocational education through publicly funded training organizations and subsidized apprenticeship or traineeship initiatives for businesses. At the post-secondary level vocational education is typically provided by an institute of technology/polytechnic, university, or by a local community college.
Vocational education has diversified over the 20th century and now exists in industries such as retail, tourism, information technology, funeral services and cosmetics, as well as in the traditional crafts and cottage industries.
The first "Trades School" in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was Stanley Technical Trades School (now Harris Academy South Norwood ) which was designed, built and set up by William Stanley. The initial idea was thought of in 1901, and the school opened in 1907.
The system of vocational education in the UK initially developed independently of the state, with bodies such as the RSA and City & Guilds setting examinations for technical subjects. The Education Act 1944 made provision for a Tripartite System of grammar schools, secondary technical schools and secondary modern schools, but by 1975 only 0.5% of British senior pupils were in technical schools, compared to two-thirds of the equivalent German age group.
Successive recent British Governments have made attempts to promote and expand vocational education. In the 1970s, the Business And Technology Education Council was founded to confer further and higher education awards, particularly to further education colleges in the United Kingdom. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Conservative Government promoted the Youth Training Scheme, National Vocational Qualifications and General National Vocational Qualifications. However, youth training was marginalised as the proportion of young people staying on in full-time education increased.
In 1994, publicly funded Modern Apprenticeships were introduced to provide "quality training on a work-based (educational) route". Numbers of apprentices have grown in recent years and the Department for Children, Schools and Families has stated its intention to make apprenticeships a "mainstream" part of England's education system.
Apprenticeships are increasingly recognised as the gold standard for work-based training. There are three levels of Apprenticeship available for those aged 16 and over:
· 1 - Intermediate Level Apprenticeships
Apprentices work towards work-based learning qualifications such as a Level 2 Competence Qualification, Functional Skills and, in most cases, a relevant knowledge-based qualification.
· 2 - Advanced Level Apprenticeships
Apprentices work towards work-based learning such as a Level 3 Competence Qualification, Functional Skills and, in most cases, a relevant knowledge-based qualification.
· 3 - Higher Apprenticeships
Apprentices work towards work-based learning qualifications such as a Level 4 and 5 Competence Qualification, Functional Skills and, in some cases, a knowledge-based qualification such as a Foundation Degree.
Task 1
Find in the text English equivalents to the following word-combinations:
- определенный род занятий;
- прямо развивает;
- охватывать все аспекты;
- ручной труд или практическая деятельность;
- развивает знания (опыт, компетенцию);
- будущее профессионально-технического образования;
- надомный труд (кустарная промышленность);
- сделало попытки;
- расширять (развивать) профессионально-техническое образование;
- в большинстве случаев.
Task 2
Translate into Russian:
1) an intention
2) a skill
3) a trade
4) a craft
5) a career
6) full-time education
7) work-based training
8) knowledge-based qualification
9) engineering
10) accountancy
11) nursing
12) medicine
13) architecture
14) law
15) apprenticeship system
16) tertiary education
17) cottage industries
18) equivalent
19) relevant
20) generally known
21) successive
22) recent
23) is founded to confer
24) is provided by something
Task 3