Г. Группа 2Э Иностранный язык
Практическое занятие №143
Тема: «Роботы в промышленности»
Read the text and translate it/ Прочтите текст и сделайте письменный перевод.
ROBOTS IN MANUFACTURING
Today most robots are used in manufacturing operations. The application of robots can be divided into three categories:
1. material handling; 2. processing operations; 3. assembly and inspection.
Material handling is the transfer of material and loading and unloading of machines. Material-transfer applications require the robot to move materials or work parts from one to another. Many of these tasks are relatively simple: robots pick up parts from one conveyor and place them to another. Other transfer operations are more complex, such placing parts in an arrangement that can be calculated by the robot. Machine loading and unloading operations utilize a robot to load and unload parts. This requires the robot to be equipped with a gripper that can gasp parts. Usually the gripper must be designed specifically for the particular part geometry.
In robotic processing operations, the robot manipulates a tool to perform a process on the work part. Examples of such applications include spot welding, continuous arc welding and spray painting. Spot welding of automobile bodies is one of the most common applications of industrial robots. The robot positions a spot welder against the automobile and frames to join them. Arc welding is a continuous process in which robot moves the welding rod along the welding seam. Spray painting is the manipulation of a spray-painting gun over the surface of the object to be coated. Other operations in this category include grinding and polishing in which a rotating spindle serves as the robot’s tool.
The third application area of industrial robots is assembly and inspection. The use of robots in assembly is expected to increase because of the high cost of manual labour. But the desigh of the product is an important aspect of robotic assembly. Assembly methods that are satisfactory for humans are not always suitable for robots. Screws and nuts are widely used for fastening in manual assembly, but the same operations are extremely difficult for an one-armed robot.
Inspection is another area of factory operations in which the utilization of robots is growing. In typical inspection job, the robot positions a sensor with respect to the work part and determines whether the part answers the quality specifications. In nearly all industrial robotic provides a substitute for human labour. There are certain characteristics of industrial jobs performed by human that can be done by robots:
1. the operation in repetitive, involving the same basic work motions every cycle,
2. the operation in the hazardous or uncomfortable for the human worker (for example: spray painting, spot welding, arc welding, and certain machine loading and unloading tasks),
3. the workpiece or tool is too heavy and difficult to handle,
4. the operation allows the robot to be used on two or three shifts.
Vocabulary
handling-обращение to grasp-схватывать
transfer-передача, перенос spot welding-точечная сварка
location-местонахождение continuous-непрерывный
pick up-брать, подбирать arc welding-электродуговая сварка
arrangement-расположение spray painting-окраска распылителем
to utilize-находить применение frame-рама
gripper-захват spray-painting gun-распылитель
2. Match the ajectives with the nouns to make the phrases and translate them into Russian / Сопоставьте прилагательные с существительными, чтобы составить фразы и перевести их на русский язык:
1. laboratory a) nation
2. arranging b) environment
3. mechanical c) blocks
4. living d) procedures
5. human e) devices
6. surrounding f) use
7. advanced g) sensibility
8. commercial h) creatures
3. Choose the right form of the verb /Выберите правильную форму глагола:
1.The robot... the substitute for human labour.
a) provide b) provides c) is provided d) was provided
2.The applications of robots... divided into three categories.
a) must be b) had be c) may be d) should be
3.The Czech novelist and playwright Karel Chapek was the first who.... a mechanical device that looks like a human.
a) described b) describes c) describing d) describe
4.Robots are the devices which... automatic, mechanical operations.
a) performs b) perform c) have performed d) has performed
5.Some myths of the ancient times... of mechanical beings brought to life.
a) tells b) has told c) was told d) told
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г. Группа 2Э Иностранный язык