КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-ЗАОЧНИКОВ
СОКРАЩЕННОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ
Вариант 1
1. Переведите письменно текст:
DAVID RICARDO AND THE THEORY OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
D. Ricardo, the greatest of the classical economists, was born in 1772. His father, a Jewish immigrant, was a member of the London Stock Exchange. Ricardo entered his father's business at the age of 14. In 1793, he got married and went into business of his own. The young Ricardo quickly made a large fortune. In 1799, Ricardo read Adam Smith's «The wealth of nations» and developed an interest in political economy (as economics was then called). In 1809, his first writings on economics appeared. These were series of newspaper articles on «The high price of billion». In 1814 he retired from business to devote all his time to political economy.
Ricardo's major work was «Principles of political economy and taxation». This work contains, among other things, a pioneering statement of the principle of comparative advantage as applied to international trade. Ricardo showed why it was beneficial for both countries, for England to export wool to Portugal and import wine in return, even though both products could be produced with less labor in Portugal. The book covers the whole field of economics as it then existed. Ricardo saw that the economy was growing toward a future «steady state».
Определите функцию окончаний в подчеркнутых в тексте словах.
3. Образуйте производные при помощи указанных суффиксов и переведите их на русский язык:
-ity: national, major, possible;
-ment: to develop, to establish, to agree, to move;
-ship: owner, member, dictator, partner;
-able: profit, change, reason, value;
-ly: near, independent, heavy, general.
4. Определите видовременные формы глаголов:
a) Transport system provides the public with important services.
b) The international economy has experienced a basic change lately.
c) After economic integration had grown, more and more nations became economically powerful.
d) The population of most developing nations is growing rapidly.
e) There will be a great rise in the demand for coffee.
5. Выберите нужное местоимение из данных в скобках:
a) All societies develop (no, some) rules for social behavior and economic activity.
b) There is (no, nothing) limit to people's wants.
c) In economics «the long run» is the time period in which (nothing, anything) can be changed.
d) Price changes of (anything, any) kind create uncertainty in the minds of both, consumers and producers.
e) (Nobody, Anybody) can overestimate the value of skilled labor.
6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it и one:
a) It is clear to everyone that the development of new technologies is important.
b) It is scarcity of productive resources that makes choices necessary.
c) One major goal of many societies is economic freedom.
d) One should remember that low fields are better for potatoes and the high ones are better for wheat.
e) People in a rich country are healthier than those in a poor one.
7. Переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты:
a) For every buyer there has to be a seller.
b) Economic anarchy may cause instability.
c) The society is to decide how to divide the total output among its members.
d) Many people have ideas of what products others need or might want, but few people can organize a business.
e) The economist's methods should be strictly objective and scientific.
Вариант 2
1. Переведите письменно текст:
THE ROLE OF THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIAL VALUES
Man's conscious labor and his first tools marked the beginning of the establishment of human society. Human beings embarked upon an entirely new way of life, unlike the life led by animals. Animal can only make use of those benefits which nature provides for them. Labor freed man from this complete dependence upon nature.
With the aid of his new tools the man was able to get benefits to nature that were formerly inaccessible to him. He was also able to change these natural benefits and to make them more useful to himself. Tools of stone and wood made it possible for primitive man to considerably extend his use of material values.
Man began to kill large, strong animals and thus added quantities of nourishing meat products to his diet. He learned to work the skins of animals and used them to protect his body from the cold. Man also used his tools to build shelters. It was the production of material values that became the basis of life in human society.
Определите функции окончаний в подчеркнутых словах.
Определите, к какой части речи относятся выделенные курсивом слова, подчеркните соответствующие суффиксы.
4. Определите видовременные формы глаголов в следующих предложениях:
a) People produce goods and services.
b) The government has set a limit on wage increases.
c) The volume of world trade fell over 4 per cent in 1975, but it was rising again fast in 1976.
d) World trade is growing very rapidly.
e) The health of the world economy will depend greatly on international organizations.
5. Выберите нужные местоимения из данных в скобках:
a) Graphs help economists understand and remember (some, any) abstract ideas.
b) There is (no, any) simple answer to most economic questions.
c) (Nothing, anything) that alters prices has an influence on our lives.
d) After the World War II the amount of currency that (anybody, any) person could purchase in the UK was limited.
e) (Some, no) country can become a member of the Sterling Area without the consent of the others.
6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it и one :
a) It is necessary to make choices because we live in a world of scarcity.
b) As Britain was the first big trading country, it established a network of trading relationship all over the world.
c) It is technological improvements that increase the productivity of labor very often.
d) One always faces the scarcity problem in some form.
e) All societies must decide what goods and services to produce, which ones to postpone, and when and how to transfer productive resources from one use to another.
7. Переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты:
a) Complete economic freedom might create great difficulties
b) All countries can make profits through international trade.
c) In order to increase productivity the producers should reorganize the work process
d) Some industries have to pay higher wages to attract the extra labor.
e) Any economic system must use one or more decision-making rules or methods.