Paraphrasing (writing in your own words)
Успех написания эссе - задания 40 ЕГЭ по английскому языку зависит от того, как экзаменуемый справится с перефразированием проблемы в первом абзаце. Известно, что невыполнение коммуникативной задачи, выраженное в заимствовании лексики, либо копировании всей темы эссе влечет за собой оценивание раздела содержания, как и всей работы, в "0" баллов. Необходимо избегать текстуального совпадения, то есть "дословного совпадения отрезка письменной речи длиной 10 слов и более". Если более 30% ответа имеет непродуктивный характер (т.е. текстуально совпадает с опубликованным источником), то выставляется 0 баллов по критерию «Решение коммуникативной задачи», и, соответственно, все задание оценивается в 0 баллов.
При написании Эссе экзаменуемый не должен повторять одно и то же слово чаще 2 раз за абзац. Для этого необходимо заранее выучить синонимы и запомнить, что английские синонимы передают разные оттенки смысла и разный накал эмоций. Не забывайте о том, что чем больше синонимов вы используете, тем лучше звучит ваше предложение. Знание синонимов на английском языке также поможет подобрать подходящее слово для каждой отдельной ситуации и эмоциональной окраски.
Эффективный перифраз включает в себя несколько способов перефразирования:
использование синонимов, антонимов, фраз и слов (попробуйте заменить большинство слов). Используйте слова с одинаковым значением, а не с похожим значением;
изменяя порядок слов;
изменяя форму слова;
изменяя активный залог на пассивный или пассивный залог на активный;
изменяя структуру предложения и используя разные соединительные слова.
Заказывайте пособие «Перефразируем тему ЭССЕ» 180 образцов перифраза и огромный перечень синонимов на 150 страницах.
https://vk.com/ege2020english e - mail: song.pesnya@list.ru
Примеры перефразирования:
Example:
Original: It is better for children to play games outside and take part in traditional pastimes.
Paraphrase: It would be far more beneficial for youngsters to dedicate their time to more conventional leisure activities, whether it be participating in sports or reading books.
*Synonyms
better – > beneficial
children – > youngsters
to play sports – > to participate in sports
to spend time – > to dedicate time
traditional pastimes – > conventional activities
Example:
Original: Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and martial arts, should be banned from TV.
Paraphrase:Certain people believe that violent sports, for example, martial arts and boxing, should not be shown on TV.
*Synonyms
1. some people think – > certain people believe (некоторые люди верят)
2. such as – > for example
3. should be banned from TV – > should not be shown on TV
4. as well as – > including
Example:
Original: Many people think that cars should not be allowed in city centres.
Paraphrase: Many people believe that motor vehicles should be banned in urban areas. / The city’s present problems arise from the increasing number of cars in the streets. Нынешние проблемы города возникают из-за растущего числа автомобилей на улицах.
*Synonyms
think –> believe
cars –> motor vehicles
should not be allowed –> should be banned
city centres – > urban areas
Example:
Original: People living in large cities today face many problems in their everyday life.
Paraphrase: In recent years, there have been a number of everyday problems that people in big cities have to cope with.
Example:
Original: Science and technology have helped the world make many advances.
Paraphrase: Societies have developed rapidly over time thanks to the many advances in science and technology.
Example:
Original: Many schools require their students to wear uniforms.
Paraphrase: Students are required to wear uniforms in many schools.
Example:
Original: The only way to improve safety on our roads is to give much stricter punishments for driving offences.
Paraphrase: The effective way to protect people from committing road offenses is imposing (облагать) stricter penalties for traffic crimes.
Example:
Original: Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not local people. - Paraphrase: Nowadays, travelers instead of local residents often visit museums and historical areas.
Example:
Original: It is easy to live without the Internet.
Paraphrase: It is not difficult to stay without the global network.
Example:
Original: An interesting job is better than the job with a high salary.
Paraphrase: An exciting job is better than a highly paid job.
Example:
Original: Volunteering is essential for teenagers.
Paraphrase: Volunteering is completely necessary for adolescents.
Example:
Original: People who live in big cities face a number of problems in their daily life.
Paraphrase: People residing in large urban areas have to deal with a lot of issues in their day to day lives.
Paraphrase: There are a number of issues that people living in cities have to cope with in their everyday lives.
Example:
Original: A university degree is a must for success in the modern world.
Paraphrase: Many prestigious positions can be occupied only by professionals with a university degree.
Example:
Original: Many young people go to study at university.
Paraphrase: For many students a university is a place where they can develop their specific interests /can gain professional knowledge.
Key words for paraphrase:
v as quickly as = as soon as
v are especially interested in = that particularly interest us
v are more significant than others = may be the most important
v a number of categories = various types of...
v the variety of = an enormous range of
v different age groups = age ranges возрастные диапазоны/группы
v looked after = took care of
v comparison between = … ЗАКАЗЫВАЙТЕ!
v the recent studies of... =
v develop =
v real =
v die out =
v at risk of dying out =
v reduction in numbers =
v analysed =
v the impact … on the =
v research =
v harmful to animals =
v focused on = have looked at
v visiting animals in zoos =
v live longer =
v some species in zoos =
v studying animals in zoos =
v people who are involved with conservation projects =
v raise animals =
v school =
v children with good self-control =
v be the best way for children to learn =
v can play with a child =
v of their game =
v activities =
v gives children =
v certain elements of play =
v all forms of play =
v have fun =
v will be useful =
v in the development of =
v to influence =
v based on =
v differ from отличаться от =
v investigate =
v is goal oriented =
v can be divided into =
v can be classified =
v it is a mistake =
v a researcher =
v experience in опыт в =
v experience in job field - опыт работы в сфере труда
v the same possibilities to be open to everyone =
v no section of society should have preferential treatment =
v gain benefits =
v are using =
v variation in intelligence =
v on the basis of what they actually achieve =
v begins at birth = people are born
v be in position of power власти =
v develop the same abilities =
v people of low intelligence =
v lead uncontrolled lives =
v benefit wildlife =
v for a period =
v a reason why =
v visited =
v gave up =
v focus on =
v taking photographs of scenery =
v took up considerable time заняло значительное время =
v heavy =
v souvenirs travelling =
v took many trips =
v is linked to =
v prestige =
v comparison сравнение =
v the large increase in use =
v in the air =
v bad air = toxic air
v as often as =
v for protection against =
v complaints =
v the impact of a certain approach влияние определенного подхода =
v is in fact incorrect =
v evidence =
v a certain approach = order определенный подход = порядок
v more disadvantages than advantages =
v are currently impossible в настоящее время невозможно =
v appeals to призывы к =
v being organised =
v many people =
v are less likely to change jobs staff =
v workplace =
v an improvement in working conditions and job security makes staff satisfied with their jobs
v is encouraged =
v feel =
v to aim at order стремиться к порядку =
v without really consider =
v innovation =
v is most successful наиболее успешный =
v if the people involved = enable everyone involved
v the main environmental problem of our time is… =
v environmental issues are more vital =
v residents who use public transport =
v has been moving =
v when he was younger =
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