1. Переведите на русский язык следующие слова и словосочетания:
investor earnings retention
supplier lease
cost control to incur costs
lender actual costs
outstanding recurrence
2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык:
1. дивиденды акционеров
2. удовлетворять нужды
3. регулирование затрат
4. фактические издержки
5. ликвидация избыточного запаса товаров
3. Выпишите из текста 5-6 предложений, где сказуемое выражено модальным глаголом “can”. Переведите предложения на русский язык, подчеркните сказуемое.
4. Выпишите из текста 4-5 предложений в пассивном залоге (Passive Voice). Подчеркните сказуемое, переведите предложения на русский язык.
5. Дайте II и III формы следующих неправильных глаголов:
to wake
to understand
to let
to lie
to withdraw
6. Поставьте сказуемые следующих предложений в форму прошедшего простого (Past Simple) и будущего простого (Future Simple) времени. Переведите предложения на русский язык и подчеркните сказуемые.
1. Each of these capital resources has unique characteristics.
2. This effort fails to generate all of the needed capital.
3. With the lower requirement, the business’s ability to secure external financing is improved.
4. Cost control minimizes the need for cash to meet obligations to trade creditors and others.
7. Выпишите из текста 5-6 предложений с неличной формой глагола “Infinitive”. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
8. Задайте 4 типа вопроса к следующим предложениям:
1. Many businesses have non-productive assets.
2. The liquidation can occur through sales to customers.
3. Fixed asset investments are most closely controlled.
9. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту контрольной работы:
1. What are the internal sources of capital?
2. What are the external sources of capital?
3. What is short-term financing?
4. What is long-term financing?
10.Переведите текст контрольной работы на русский язык письменно.
II Фонетические упражнения
1. Найдите в тексте 5 слов, где:
i [ai] a [æ]
t [∫] ear [ε:]
2. Протранскрибируйте следующие слова:
receivable incur
expense actual
ownership
6 вариант
credit
Credit is a term used to denote transactions involving the transfer of money or other property on promise of repayment, usually at a fixed future date. The transferor thereby becomes a creditor, and the transferee becomes a debtor. Hence, credit and debt are simply terms describing the same operation viewed from opposite sides.
Types of Credit
The principal classes of credit are the following:
• commercial credit (trade credit), which merchants extend to one another to finance production and distribution of goods.
• investment credit, used by business firms to finance the acquisition of plant and equipment and represented by corporate bonds, long-term notes, and other proofs of indebtedness.
• bank credit, consisting of the deposits, loans, and discounts of
depository institutions.
• consumer or personal credit, which comprises advances made to individuals to enable them to meet expenses or to purchase, on a deferred-payment basis, goods or service for personal consumption.
• real-estate credit, composed of loans secured by land and buildings.
• public or government credit, represented by the bond issues of national governments.
• international credit, which is extended to particular governments by other governments, by the nationals of foreign countries, or by international banking institutions, such as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Function of Credit
The principal function of credit is to transfer property from those who own it to those who wish to use it, as in the granting of loans by banks to individuals who plan to initiate or expand a business. The transfer is temporary and is made for a price, known as interest, which varies with the risk involved and also with the demand for, and supply of, credit.
Credit puts to use property that would otherwise lie idle, thus enabling a country to more fully employ its resources. Without credit, the tremendous investments required for the development of the large-scale enterprise on which the high living standards of the industrialized world are based would have been impossible.
The use of credit also makes feasible the performance of the complex operations involved in modern business without the constant handling of money. Credit operations are carried out by means of documents known as credit instruments, which include bills of exchange, money orders, cheques, drafts, promissory notes, and bonds. These are usually negotiable instruments; they may legally be transferred in the same way as money. When the party issuing the instrument desires to prevent its use by anyone other than the party to whom it is issued, he or she may do so by inscribing the words "not negotiable" on the instrument.
Issuance of Credit
Creditors sometimes require the debtor's credit standing. Sometimes more tangible security, such as the guarantee of a third party, is required. Also, the debtor may be obliged to assign the rights to some other property, which is at least equal in value to the loan, as collateral security for payment. When goods are sold on a deferred-payment or hire-purchase plan, the seller may either retain legal ownership of the goods or hold a chattel mortgage until the final payment is made. The depositing of funds in a bank for safekeeping may also be regarded as a form of credit to the bank, as such funds are used for loan and investment purposes, and the bank is legally bound to repay them as an ordinary debtor.