Civil and military engineering

Задания для зачета

Для студентов заочного отделения специальности 23.02.03 «Техническое обслуживание и ремонт автомобильного транспорта» (5 курс)

1 вариант

Задание 1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы.

Mechanical engineering

It is well known that with the invention of the steam engine and the growth of factories a number of civil engineers became interested in the practical application of the science of mechanics and thermodynamics to the design of machines. The result was that they separated themselves from civil engineering and called themselves "mechanical engineers”. It was that trend that laid the foundation for a new branch of one that was called mechanical engineering.

At present mechanical engineering occupies a prominent position among modern production processes. It is mechanical engineering that deals with the design and construction of steam engines, turbines, air-conditioning and refrigeration devices. Conveyors, escalators and elevators are also designed by mechanical engineers. And again, it is the mechanical engineer that designs machine-tools for various operations and it is he who applies these machine-tools in various production processes.

One must know, too, that aeronautics is also one of the many branches of mechanical engineering, the one that deals with the mechanics of moving bodies in fluid or air.

1. What inspired interest of civil engineers to practical applications of some sciences?

2. What mechanical engineering deals with?

Задание 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

Задания для зачета

Для студентов заочного отделения специальности 190631 «Техническое обслуживание и ремонт автомобильного транспорта» (5 курс)

2 вариант

Задание 1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы.

Civil and military engineering

The term "engineering" is a modern one. However, the art of building houses, palaces, temples, pyramids and other structures was known as far back as many-thousand years ago. Now we call it "civil engineering". It may be of interest for the students to learn that at the time of the Roman Empire there were already two branches of engineering: civil engineering and military engineering." The former included the building of houses, roads, bridges, etc., the latter the building of fortifications and military devices. It is still possible to find the remains of Roman structures not only in Italy but also in some other countries, the ones that were occupied by the Roman legions. Among those countries one may mention the territory of modern England that remained under Roman rule for about four centuries.

As time went on, the art of civil engineering was enriched with new achievements of science. It grew into profession required college training. Nowadays, civil engineering may be spoken of as an important branch of national economy. It deals not only with the building of houses, bridges, roads, tunnels, dams, water systems, etc., but also with the construction of railroads, underground railways, industrial structures, land, water and air transport, etc.

1. Is the profession of engineer an ancient one?

2. What kinds of engineering may be called the most ancient?

3. What kind of engineering was the first to become a profession?

Задание 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.