English in Civil Construction.
Unit 1.Health and safety.
Vocabulary.
Safety – безопасность, техника безопасности
Accident - несчастный случай, травма
Hygiene – гигиена
Inadvance - заранее
Hazardous - опасный
Scaffolding – установка строительных лесов
Voltage – величина электрического напряжения
Firstaid – оказание первой медицинской помощи
Deasease - заболевание
A building site can be a dangerous place because machinery, hazardous materials, scaffolding create risks for people. To reduce accidents it is important to work out the safest methods rules in advance and follow them.
First of all, you should wear suitable proper working clothes such as overalls, strong or rubber boots and keep them in secure place. If you work in excavations you must wear a hard hat to protect your head. Moreover, put support against the sides of the excavation so that the soil cannot fall on you. Excavations should be expected daily before work and especially after heavy rain.
The dangerous materials, such as explosives, petrol and others must be listed, controlled and stored in a locked compound.
The wiring must be inspected regularly and the voltage should be reduced to avoid electric shocks on a site.
Working on scaffolding is very dangerous to prevent accidents experts must erect scaffolding to the biggest safety standards. Workers on scaffolding must always be careful and check the position of scaffolding.
Working with bricks, blocks, cement is unsafe but you need to be careful of yourself and wear protective gloves to safety your hands from skin diseases and also wear protective mask.
All dangerous places in construction must be surrounded by secure barriers. There must be a box of first aid with plasters, bandages, ointment and disinfectant to deal with broken bones, burns and electricity shocks. The site should employ someone who is experienced at first aid.
In conclusion, a healthy building site will have adequate rest and sanitation facilities. Remember about health and hygiene of workers and organize WCs, dry areas to prepare food and wash hands.
The rules mentioned above must be kept and known by everyone on the site.
Answer the following questions:
- Why is it important to work out the safest rules in advance?
- What are the suitable clothes on a building site?
- What and why should be kept in a box of first aid?
- Explain what facilities make a healthy site.
Exercises:
1) Match the Russian and English equivalents. Make up the sentences with these words and word combinations:
| 1.scaffolding 2.trench 3. overall 4.excavation 5.shallow 6.to blast out 7.cellulose thinner 8.caustic cleaner 9.compound 10.temporary lighting 11.timber props 12.wheelbarrow 13.reinforced concrete 14.fibre cement 15.ointment 16.disinfectant | a.временное освещение b. взрывать c. деревянная стойка d. траншея, канава e.неглубокий, мелкий f.разбавитель, разжижитель g.железобетон h.тачка i.спецодежда, рабочий комбинезон j.строительные леса k.выемка грунта, раскопка l.каустическое очистительное ср-во m.соединение, смесь o.дезинфицирующее ср-во p.волокнистый цемент q.мазь, протирание |
Is it True or False?
The site shouldn’t employ someone who is experienced at first aid.
Working on scaffolding is very dangerous that’s why experts must erect scaffolding to the different standards.
Healthy building sites should have adequate rest and sanitation facilities.
Working with bricks, blocks, cement is safe.
The dangerous materials must be listed, controlled and carefully stored.
3) Translate the following verbs and make up the sentences with them in Present Continuous if it’s possible: F.e. The builders are trenching on the building site now. - To trench- рытьканавы, копатьрвы, траншеи
To scaffold
To light
To inhale
To remind
To reduce
To prevent
To carry out
To work out
To improve
Form the adjectives using the suffixes: -ous, -ful,-able,-ant,-less, -ive and find the suitable nouns. Translate the phrases.
| Danger- Hazard- Important- Suit- Health- Care- Use- Differ- Protect- | gloves/mask materials rules methods standards position fact places clothes |
References:
Adapted from Building Construction Principles and Practices by D.Walton.,pp.1-4
Unit 2. Construction documents.
Vocabulary.
Working drawings – рабочиечертежи
Specification – технические требования, проектное задание
Billofquantities – смета, ведомость объёмов работ
Architect - архитектор
Architectural technician – зд. проектировщик
Contractor - подрядчик
Symbols – символы, знаки
This very important topic describes the functions of the main documents, such as the working drawings, a specification and a bill of quantities.
The working drawings are the basic documents prepared by the architect or architectural technicians to show the detailed plans, sections and elevations. They are drawn to a suitable scale and show the location and shape of the building. They also provide information about the dimensions, levels and general layout and services. They are used by the main contractor or subcontractors on site to construct the building. They are also used to obtain local authority’s approval, to prepare the specification, a bill of quantities and others.
The working drawing consists of site, floor, roof, foundation plans, elevations and sections. The plans show the details like the roof and floor. The sections show the internal parts like foundations and the floor. The elevations are the views of doors and windows.
All the symbols must be common to all drawings.
The specification is a document describes the construction standards, required materials, the sizes and shapes of different parts. It describes how to do the building.
The bill of quantity allows the contractor to price the work, to determine the volumes of work and the number of workers.
All abovementioned documents should be made by specialists according to the code of practice and standards of appropriate countries and be approved by local authorities.
Answer the questions according to the text:
- What documents do you need for approval for building construction?
- What main construction documents do you know?
- Why do we need specifications?
- Why are all symbols common?
Exercises:
1) Match the English and Russian equivalents. Make up the sentences with these words and word combinations:
| 1. suitable scale 2. working drawings 3. specification 4. bill of quantities 5. to describe 6.to provide 7. dimension 8. elevation 9. local authorities 10. general layout 11. common 12. required 13. according to 14. abovementioned 15. appropriate | a.вышеупомянутый b.генеральный план c.органы местной власти d.в соответствии с e.требуемый, необходимый f.соответствующий масштаб g.общий, одинаковый h.рабочие чертежи i. соответствующий j.смета k.размеры, габариты l.вертикальная проекция, высота m.спецификация, технические требования n.описывать, изображать o.обеспечивать, снабжать |
2) Complete the sentences:
The working drawings are the basic documents prepared by………………………………………………………………
The working drawing consists of……………………………………………………………….
The bill of quantity allows the contractor……………………………………………………….
All construction documents should be made by specialists according to……………………………………………………..
The specification is a document describes………………………………………………………...
3) Complete the sentences using Present Perfect Active:
f.e. I am very tired because (to work). - I have worked hard.
a) She can speak English because……………………………………………… (to learn).
b) He can share his impressions about the film because……………………… (to see).
c) I’m upset because…………………………………………… (to fail an exam).
d) I have no money because…………………………………. (to spend).
e) She’s looking for her gloves because ………………………. (to lose).
f) He is absent because…………..(to fall ill).
4) Complete the sentences using Present Perfect Passive:
f.e. The students have already done this job. - The job has already been done by students.
We have just received this letter.-
They have offered her some interesting work.-
I have invited some friends to tea.-
The students have written the test-paper without mistakes.-
They have built excellent hotels for tourists in the mountains.-
I have already ironed this dress.-
We haven’t discussed this question yet.-
Has anybody explained the rules of this game?-
References:
Adapted from Building Construction Principles and Practices by D.Walton.,pp.13-17.