1. all the morning today;
2. five years ago
3. every year;
4. already;
5. by the end of the next year;
Образец выполнения:
They (make) cars at the plant.
1.already
2. last month
1. They have already made cars at the plant.
2. They made cars at the plant last month.
Задание 2. Не переводя всего предложения, употребите английский глагол в нужной форме:
1. Аспиранты уже провели испытание вчера. (make) 2. Студенты сейчас сдают экзамен по физике (take) 3. Они напишут лабораторную работу №2 к следующей среде. (do) 4. Рабочие - исследователи разработали новое устройство в этом месяце. (develop) 5. Завтра они в течение 4 часов будут готовиться к зачёту в читальном зале. (prepare)
Образец выполнения:
1. Каждый час радио передает ( broadcast) новости. – broadcasts.
Задание 3. Задайте вопросы к предложениям, начиная их словами в скобках:
1. The boys usually keep regular hours. (What) 2. A first-years student has been answering the teacher’s questions for an hour already. (How long) 3. Alex’s fellow-student had read the book before the seminar began last week. (When) 4. Laboratory assistants equipped a new complicated experiment last week. (What kind of…) 5. Researchers will meet at the scientific conference next month. (Where)
Образец выполнения:
1. His friends travel abroad every autumn. – Его друзья каждую осень путешествуют за гра-ницей. – His friends travel abroad every autumn, don’t they?
Задание 4. Задайте разделительные вопросы:
1. The modern building of glass and concrete occupies nine storeys. 2. The results of the new experiment with various alloys are not very important. 3. My fellow-student has coped with a great number of compulsory subjects this term.4. There are two terms in the academic year. 5. Prof. Gartner and I examined samples of iron ore yesterday.
Образец выполнения:
1. His friends travel abroad every autumn. – Его друзья каждую осень путешествуют за гра-ницей. – His friends travel abroad every autumn, don’t they?
Задание 5. Задайте вопросы к подлежащему:
1. I am never late for classes. 2. My fellow- students attend all the lectures and seminars. 3. Laboratory assistants have much to do during the examination of a new alloy. 4. Students were making notes while the professor delivered a lecture. 5. We are speaking English now.
Образец выполнения:
1. His friends travel abroad every autumn. – Его друзья каждую осень путешествуют за границей. – Who travels abroad every autumn?
Задание 6. Напишите предложения в отрицательной форме:
1. This engineer’s report contains very interesting data. 2. A group of workers went to Africa last summer. 3. Seeing is understanding. 4. They will have been working at this problem for two months. 5. Harry’s shop has a large territory.
Задание 7. Переведите текст в письменной форме:
Cold working processes, where the product’s shape is altered by rolling, fabrication or other processes while the product is cold, can increase the strength of the product by a process called work hardening. Work hardening creates microscopic defects in the metal, which resist further changes of shape.
Various forms of casting exist in industry and academia. These include sand casting, investment casting (also called the "lost wax process"), die casting and continuous casting.
Heat treatment
Metals can be heat treated to alter the properties of strength, ductility, toughness, hardness or resistance to corrosion. Common heat treatment processes include annealing, precipitation strengthening, quenching, and tempering,. The annealing process softens the metal by heating it and then allowing it to cool very slowly, which gets rid of stresses in the metal and makes the grain structure large and soft-edged so that when the metal is hit or stressed it dents or perhaps bends, rather than breaking; it is also easier to sand, grind, or cut annealed metal. Quenching is the process of cooling a high-carbon steel very quickly after you have heated it, thus "freezing" the steel's molecules in the very hard martensite form, which makes the metal harder. There is a balance between hardness and toughness in any steel, where the harder it is, the less tough or impact-resistant it is, and the more impact-resistant it is, the less hard it is. Tempering relieves stresses in the metal that were caused by the hardening process; tempering makes the metal less hard while making it better able to sustain impacts without breaking.
Often, mechanical and thermal treatments are combined in what is known as thermo-mechanical treatments for better properties and more efficient processing of materials. These processes are common to high alloy special steels, super alloys and titanium alloys.
Вариант № 13
Задание 1. Измените глагол в предложениях в зависимости от обстоятельств: