Практическое занятие №16
ДЗ (на 29.12.2021):
1) Повторить слова по текстам №№ 9-13.
2) Повторить все типы вопросов.
3) Подготовить устные ответы на вопросы (Текст 9, Стр. 108 THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN GREAT BRITAIN, Текст 10 стр. 111 THE AMERICAN LEGAL PROFESSION, Текст 11 Стр. 113 TYPES OF LEGAL PROFESSIONS IN RUSSIA)
Итоговые вопросы по теме Юридические профессии
1. What are the main types of legal profession in Great Britain?
2. What is the usual way for solicitors and barristers to build up a practice?
3. What do American lawyers do depending upon the circumstances and the needs of the client?
4. What do fact investigators/ litigators/ negotiators /counselors do? (Choose any two lawyers)
5. In what spheres can Russian lawyers work?
6. In what way are colleges of advocates formed?
7. What law firms are there in Russia? In what way do they function?
Задания для пропустивших занятие 22.12.2021
Прочитать и письменно перевести выделенные предложения из текста 12
| Стр.118 Текст 12 DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW The starting point for studying constitutional law should ideally be the same starting point as for studying political philosophy, or the role of law and government in society. How is individual freedom1.) to be reconciled with the claims of social justice? Is society founded upon 2) a reciprocal network of rights and duties, or is the individual merely a pawn in the hands of state power? These fundamental questions are often not3) pursued explicitly in the study of constitutional law. Constitutional law concerns the relationship between the individual and the state. As a historian has stated, law is not merely a matter of the rules which govern relations between private individuals (for example between husband and wife, or between landlord and tenant). Law also concerns the structure and powers of the state. The constitutional lawyer is always likely to insist that the relations between the individual and the state should be founded upon and governed by law. But law does not exist in a social and political vacuum. Within a given society, the legal rules that concern relations between husband and wife will reflect that society’s attitude to marriage. So too the rules of constitutional law, that4) govern political relations, will within a given society 5) reflect a particular distribution of political power. In a stable society, constitutional law expresses what may be 6) a very high degree of consensus about the organs and procedures by which political decisions are taken. Within a stable democracy, constitutional law reflects the value that people attach to orderly human relations,7) to individual freedom under the law, and to institutions such as parliament, political parties, free elections, and free press. Laws are the product of human decisions. As Lord Acton said, ‘‘Power tends to corrupt and absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely’’. But 8) the weaknesses and imperfections of human nature are not 9) a reason for discarding law as a means of regulating political conduct.The laws of football are often broken. But if we shoot the referee and 10) tear up the rules, football as an organized activity 11) ceases to exist. 12) Total disbelief in the value of the individualor in the possibility of public good is therefore a bad starting point for studying constitutional law. But there is no need to go to the other extreme that in Great Britain we have 13) a matchless constitution. Constitutional law is 14) one branch of human learning and experience that helps to make life in today’s world more tolerable and less brutish than it might otherwise be. scope [skəʊp] – масштаб, размах, диапозон pawn in the hands of state power – залог в руках государственной власти within a given society – в пределах (в рамках) данного общества merely – просто, только attach to orderly human relations – распространяться на упорядоченные (организованные) человеческие отношения means of regulating political conduct – способ регулирования политического поведения make life more tolerable and less brutish – сделать жизнь более терпимой и менее жестокой | Найти в тексте данные слова и словосочетания, прочитать и перевести предложения 1) be reconciled /ˈrekənsaɪld/ with – быть согласованным с 2) reciprocal /rɪˈsɪprəkl/ network – взаимная (двусторонняя) связь 3) be pursued /pəˈsjuːd ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli/ / explicitly – проводиться ясно 4) govern political relations /ˈɡʌvn pəˈlɪtɪkl rɪˈleɪʃns/ – управлять политическими отношениями 5) reflect a particular distribution of political power /rɪˈflekt ə pəˈtɪkjələ(r) ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn əv pəˈlɪtɪkl ˈpaʊə(r)/– отражать определенное разделение политической власти 6) very high degree of consensus /kənˈsensəs/ – очень высокий уровень согласия 7) individual freedom under the law – свобода личности по закону 8) weaknesses and imperfections /ˌɪmpəˈfekʃn/ of human nature – слабости и недостатки человеческой натуры 9) reason for discarding /dɪˈskɑːd/ law – основание для отступления от закона 10) tear up the rules – нарушать правила 11) cease to exist /siːs tə ɪɡˈzɪst/ / – прекратить существование 12) total disbelief /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːf/ in the value of the individual or in the possibility of public good – полное неверие в ценность личности или в возможность общественного добра 13) matchless /ˈmætʃləs/ constitution – неподходящая конституция 14) one branch of human learning and experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ – одна ветвь человеческого знания и опыта.. |
2) Ответить на вопросы по тексту №12
1. What does Constitutional law concern? (2 points)
2. What relations should be founded upon and governed by law?
3) Прочитать текст №13, выделить в нем следующие словосочетания:
1. constitutional law – конституционное право
2. determine the main functions /dɪˈtɜːmɪn ðə meɪn ˈfʌŋkʃns/ – определять основные функции
3. emphasis /ˈemfəsɪs/ is placed on – особое внимание уделяется
4. the purpose and operation of legal rules – цель и действия правовых правил
5. legal procedures - правовые процессы
6. the resolution of disputes
/ˌrezəˈluːʃn əv dɪˈspjuːts/ – решение споров
7. demarcation /ˌdiːmɑːˈkeɪʃn/ -разделение, установление границ
8. immigration control – иммиграционный контроль
9. civil liberty issues /ˈsɪvl ˈlɪbəti ˈɪʃuːs / – вопросы гражданских свобод
10. clash between public and private interests – конфликт (противоречие) между общественными и частными интересами
11. comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend/ the whole of the legal system – охватывать всю законодательную систему
Текст 13. Стр. 121 WHAT IS CONSTITUTIONAL LAW?
There is no hard and fast definition of constitutional law. According to one very wide definition, constitutional law is that part of the law which relates to the system of government of the country. It is more useful to define constitutional law as meaning those laws which regulate the structure of the principal organs of government and their relationship to each other and to the citizen, and determine their main functions. Where there is a written constitution, emphasis is placed on the rules which it contains and on the way in which they have been interpreted by the highest court with constitutional jurisdiction. It is increasingly recognised that in most branches of law the purpose and operation of legal rules can be understood only with a knowledge of the social background against which the legal rules operate: legal procedures for the resolution of disputes arising within a family, a trade union or a limited company are an incomplete guide to the role of these institutions in society.
A further problem of definition is that, unlike legal system in which law is divided up into a series of codes, there is no hard and fast demarcation in Britain between constitutional law and other branches of law. For example, in the field of family law, important protection for family life is given by the European Convention on Human Rights, and family status is an important basis for many rules of immigration control. Numerous civil liberty issues arise out of criminal law and procedure. In property law, public control of private rights is a fertile field for the emergence of disputes involving a clash between public and private interests. These examples are not meant to suggest that constitutional law comprehends the whole of the legal system, but that the functioning of the legal system is of direct concern to constitutional law.
4) Заполнить пропуск, выбрав один из вариантов:
Numerous civil liberty……… arise out of criminal law and procedure.(2)
-: governments
-: cases
-: laws
-: issues
2. Заполнить пропуск, выбрав один из вариантов:
There is no hard and fast…….. in Britain between constitutional law and other branches of law.(2)
-: explanation
-: decision
-: demarcation
-: definition
3. Заполнить пропуск, выбрав один из вариантов:
…………………is that part of the law which relates to the system of government of the country. (2)
-: Civil law
-: International law
-: Constitutional law
-: Criminal law
Задание выполнять в тетради от руки, каждую страницу пронумеровать и подписать. Фото прислать на почту pole_kat@bk.ru В теме письма указывать дату отработки, фамилию и группу.