ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗАНЯТИЕ
Тема: Особенности русской кухни. Пассивный залог. Чтение и обсуждение текста
Краткие теоретические сведения
В активном залоге субъект выполняет действие, указанное глаголом, а в пассивном — на субъект действует сам глагол. She wrote a book (Active) – A book was written by her (Passive)
Пассивный залог образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола «be » и формы Past Participle (смыслового глагола в 3 форме) и только переходные глаголы (обозначают действие, которое по своему смыслу переходит на некий предмет) могут образовывать формы пассивного залога.
| Образование пассивного залога | ||
| Время | Формула | Пример |
| Present Simple | is/am/are + Ved (V3) | Mails are sent every day. – Посылки отправляют каждый день. |
| Past Simple | was/were + Ved (V3) | Mails were sent yesterday. – Посылки отправили вчера. |
| Future Simple | will/shall + be + Ved(V3) | Mails will be sent tomorrow. – Посылки отправят завтра. |
| Present Continuous | is/am/are + being + Ved (V3) | Mails are being sent now. – Посылки отправляют сейчас. |
| Past Continuous | was/were + being + Ved (V3) | Mails were being sent at 5 yesterday. – Посылки вчера отправляли в 5 часов. |
| Future Continuous | — | — |
| Present Perfect | has/have + been + Ved (V3) | Letters have been already sent. – Письма уже отправили. |
| Past Perfect | had + been + Ved (V3) | Letters had been sent before he phoned. – Письма отправили до того, как он позвонил. |
| Future Perfect | will/shall + have/has+ been +Ved (V3) | Letters will have been sent by 5 tomorrow. – Письма отправят завтра до 5 часов. |
| Perfect Continuous | — | — |
Содержание работы
1. Чтение и перевод текста
2. Ответы на вопросы по тексту
3. Выполнение лексического упражнения по теме
4. Перевод рецепта русского блюда на английский язык
5. Выполнение грамматического упражнения
1.Чтение и перевод текста
The usual meals in Russia are breakfast, dinner and supper. Russian people have their breakfast at 7 or 8 a.m.,dinner at 1 or 2 p.m.,and supper at 6 or 7 p.m.
It is difficult to describe the Russians breakfast, dinner and supper. It depends on people’s work, money and opportunities.
The typical Russian breakfast is substantial meal. It includes milk, tea, eggs, kasha and sandwiches.
A typical dinner of Russian people is comprised of three courses. The real first course is a good plate of soup. Among them are borsch (beetroot soup), shchi (cabbage soup) and solyanka (fish soup).
There are many appetizers: mushrooms, salted cucumbers and tomatoes, pickled herring, pickled cabbage.
For the second course there is meat or fish served with garnish.
The last course is usually very simple - just something to drink like tea, fruit drinks (compote, kissel, mors) or even kvas (made from cereals and stale bread), served alone or with some pastries and cakes.
The evening meal is much lighter, with a cup of black or green tea at the end.
The most popular dishes are pelmeni, vinaigrette, shchi, kasha, blini.
The most popular drinks in Russia are kvas, kissel, mors, milk, kompot, tea.
Pastry dishes play an important part in Russian cooking. When guests are expected, the hosts bake pies. Russian cuisine is varied and colouful.
2.Ответы на вопросы по тексту
What are the usual meals in Russia?
When do the Russian people have their breakfast, dinner and supper?
What does the typical Russian breakfast include?
How many courses is a Russian dinner comprised?
What are the popular appertisers in Russia?
What is there for the first and second courses?
What can you say about last course for dinner?
What can you say about typical Russian drinks?
3.Выполнение лексического упражнения по теме
Match the names of the Russian dishes with their descriptions using your index.
| 1.Pelmeni | 1) Russian salad; it is mixture of vegetables, boiled and chopped |
| 2.Vinaigrette | 2) Soup with pickled cucumbers |
| 3.Shchi | 3) Russian dumplings- cases of dough filled with meat or berries |
| 4.Rassolnik | 4) Thin fruit jelly made from fruit or berry juice and potato flour |
| 5.Kasha | 5) Soup with kvas, hard boiled eggs, chopped spring onions, cucumbers and dill, boiled meat; everything is chopped. It is cold |
| 6.Kissel | 6) Cabbage soup with fresh or sauerkraut cabbage |
| 7.Okroshka | 7) Cereal pudding. It is made of oats, rice, manna groats, buckwheat,millet |
| 8.Blini | 8)Pancake(made of flour, water or milk, yeast and eggs |
4.Перевод рецепта русского блюда на английский язык
Translate the recipe of a Russian dish from Russian into English.
Окрошка с квасом.
Ингредиенты:
ü 2,5 литра кваса (но не сладкого)
ü 5 средних картофелин
ü 4 яйца
ü 2 средних огурца
ü 300-400 гр. колбасы (ветчины, отварного мяса)
ü 4-5 шт. редиса, зеленый лук, укроп, соль, сметану –по вкусу
Как приготовить: Сварить яйца вкрутую. В это же время отварить картофель в мундире. Пока нарезать овощи и другие ингредиенты: нарезать кубиками ветчину и огурцы, покрошить зеленый лук и укроп. Очистить картофель и яйца, нарезать их кубиками. Смешать все ингредиенты в кастрюле. Посолить по вкусу и добавить квас. Окрошка готова к подаче!
5.Выполнение грамматического упражнения
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
- Не stole a lot of money from the shop.
- By six o’clock they had finished the work.
- At twelve o’clock the workers were loading the trucks.
- By three o’clock the workers had loaded the trucks.
- We send our daughter to rest in the south every year.
- They will show this film on TV.
- They are building a new concert hall in our street.
- I bought potatoes yesterday.
- We shall bring the books tomorrow.
- They are repairing the clock now.
- They sell milk in this shop.
- I have translated the whole text.
- They broke the window last week.
- When I came home, they had eaten the sweets.
- We shall do the work in the evening.