ЗАКРЕПЛЕНИЕ ЛЕКСИКИ И ПЕРЕВОДЧЕСКИХ ШАБЛОНОВ
I "ЯЯ
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the Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War; возникновение ситуаций; accident; обострение отношений; the "hot line" agreement; военная конфронтация, teletype terminals, нарушение связи; full-time duplex circuits; "прямая" линия; failure communication, телетайпный терминал; a nuclear conflict; дуплексный канал круглосуточного действия. radio telegraph; радиотелеграфный канал; satellite communication systems; крупное государство; urgent consultations; факсимильная передача изображения; military confrontation; передача карт и диаграмм; direct communications links; системы спутниковой связи; high-speed facsimile transmission; Соглашение о предотвращении ядерной войны; maps and graphs.
^ 17* (12 i, Переведите следующие шаблонные выражения в быстром темм
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предотвратить возникновение ситуаций, способных вызвать опасное обострение отношений; to enter into urgent consultations; если отношения будут предполагать опасность ядерного конфликта; to avoid military confrontation; незамедлительно приступать к консультациям, the parties agreed to act in ways that would; в результате случайности или нарушение связи; to dangerously exacerbate one's relations; создание линии "прямой" связи; to appear to involve the risk of nuclear conflict; соглашение предусматривал оборудование телетайпных терминалов; which came to be known as the «hot line»; линия была усовершенствована за Счет установки оборудования для; it provided teletype terminals in each capital; с использованием систем спутниковой связи; to reduce the risk of war by accident or failure of communication; стороны согласились действо! так, чтобы; to upgrade with an addition of a capability for.
ВОСПРИЯТИЕ НЕЗНАКОМОГО ТЕКСТА И ПОПОЛНЕНИЕ БАНКА ФОНЕТИЧЕСКЙХ СИГНАТУР
1 анекдот:
A surgeon, architect, and a politician were arguing as to whose profession was the] oldest.
Said the surgeon: "Eve was made from Adam's rib, and that surely was a.surgical! operation."
"Maybe," said the architect, "but prior to that, order was created out of chaos, and that - was an architectural job."..
"But," interrupted the politician, "somebody created the chaos first!"
4 19. Повторите синхронно:
In 1930 a naval conference was held in London to amend the Washington Conference treaties. Its most important effect was to change the US-Japanese battleship ratio to 5-3.5. It also extended the battleship moratorium through 1936.
In 1932, after nearly ten years of preliminary discussions, a World Disarmament Conference was held in Geneva under the auspices of the League of Nations. The keystone of the conference was the so-called Hoover Plan — proposals put forth by the United States, based on the concept of qualitative disarmament — that is, the progressive elimination of offensive weapons. The result was to have been an increasingly unfavourable ratio between offensive and defensive power. Qualifications imposed by many of the major nations, however, diluted the Hoover Plan until little remained but a statement of principles.
A final naval conference was held in London in 1936. There the United States and Great Britain reaffirmed the naval limitation treaties, with an acceleration clause (that is, one providing for proportional increase in the US-to-British ratio) to counteract any German or Japanese violations. The Japanese, increasingly militaristic and fearful of American and British superiority, withdrew from further negotiations. This was the last major arms-control conference before World War II.
ВЫЧЛЕНЕНИЕ ТРЕБУЕМОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ
4 20. Ответьте на приведенные ниже вопросы после однократною прослушивания текста:
Archimedes (287-212 ВС) was a scientist and mathematician of extraordinary greatness. Among his many creative inventions, he had developed and demonstrated the mathematics behind the use of the lever and the pulley. By means of these simple devices man has been able to multiply the force of his muscle power to move very large loads. To emphasise his point, he said, ''Give me a place to stand and i will move the earth." Plutarch has given an account of his ability to move unwieldy objects by new and simple means. A galley fully loaded up with cargo and completely manned by a crew was beached. Then Archimedes, standing at a distance, 'without any pain only moving with his hands the end of a machine which consisted of a variety of ropes and pulleys, drew the galley towards himself in as smooth and gentle a manner as if she had been under sail.
When Syracuse was besieged by MarceHus, at this time Hannibal was in Italy, Archimedes used this Knowledge in constructing devices for its defences. On the seaward side of the city, he erected enormous machines with the necessary tackle which shot high beams over the walls with sufficient power to sink any ship they hit. Other machines grappled, the bows of the ship with hooks, and lifting them out of the water sank them from the stern. Yet other ships were grappled and pulled ashore by ropes and dashed on the rocks. And lastly, some ships were lifted high in the air above the sea and hung there swinging to and fro.
In desperation, Marcellus tried to neutralise these contrivances but failed. His effort was to mount a machine on eight galleys, which the soldiers called a 'sambuca' owing to its resemblance to a giant musical instrument. With this he tried to neutralise the devices of Archimedes. But as it approached the walls, Archimedes disabled it.
Archimedes was also credited by the historian Lucian With setting fhe'Roman fleet on fire with an arrangement of mirrors and lenses and for some time this story was considered to be legendary. However, in 1973, loannis Sakkas, a Greek expert on so far energy, proved tl Archimedes could have achieved what was claimed. With the aid of the Greek Navy, Sakkas arranged for 70 sailors bearing mirrors to focus the reflected sunlight on a rowboat which was 50 metres offshore. The boat caught fire within 5 seconds.
The baffled Marcellus had to give up his assault on the city, and instead he besieged it. The city finally fell through treachery, and against the orders of Marcellus, Archimedes was killed by a Roman soldier while he was engrossed in a mathematical problem. He was 71 years old when he was killed. _ -
Who gave an account of Archimedes' ability to move heavy objects by pulleys and levers?
What is the phrase Archimedes is krioton to have said lo emphasise the point that man can multiply his muscle power by using the lever and pulley? Who besieged Syracuse?
Where was Hannibal while Marcellus was besieging Syracuse?
What were the three groups of Archimedes' machines capable of doing away with
Roman ships?
What was Marcellus' last desperate effort to neutralise the devices of Archimedes?
What was the name of Marcellus' contrivance?
How many galleys did Marcellus use for mounting his "sambuca"?
Who is credited by bringing us a story about Archimedes arranging mirrors and
lenses and setting the Roman fleet on fire?
Why do you think the story of Lucian was considered to be legendary?
What is the name of the Greek expert who proved that Archimedes could have
achieved what was claimed by the Lucian story?
How many sailors took part in the Sakkas experiment? '
How old was Archimedes when he waS killed?
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УСТНОЕ ИЗЛОЖЕНИЕ.
Ц 21. Изложите содержание текста:' - '
A famous English seaman, Francis Dtake (1543-1596) spent most of his life raid' Spain and Spanish possessions, often as a privateer (a kind of official pirate, licensed by government). He was a brilliant naVigator tfnd a good leader. The! reasons for his round- world voyage are mysterious, and Drake does rtbt seertr'to have kfcptrak>g. He may have told to look for an exit from the "Northwest Passage* On the Wesfc coast of North1 Ameri But his main reason was probably plunder.
Drake sailed around the world from 1577 to 1580 in a ship balled The Golden Hindi The ship was 23 m long and weighed 100 tonnes. The Qblden Hind had about twelve cann on board and was the largest of the five ships in Drake's fleet. In 1977 a replica of the sh' was built to mark the 400th anniversary of Drake's voyage.