Задание 1. Прочитать и перевести письменно текст по теме: Открытия. Томас Эдисон. Майкл Фарадей. Джеймс Максвелл. Выучить лексический материал. Составить письменное высказывание по теме: Открытие в области физики.
Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday was one of the great scientists in the history. His greatest discovery is turning magnetism into the electricity. He made more than 16 000 experiments not only on physics but on chemistry as well. In 1831 Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction. The discovery allowed to transform electricity into a powerful new technology.
During the remainder of the decade he worked on developing his ideas about electricity. Michael Faraday changed the course of civilization when he built the first electric generator. Almost every day a new technique or product appears in the world.
But we always need something more useful, more effective and more comfortable. People have been inventing a lot of useful things to make the life more comfortable.
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He first went to school at the age of eight and a half. But after only three months his teacher called him «stupid» and he came home crying.
From that time his mother taught him at home and he read science books by himself. He got a job sending telegraph messages. Then he started inventing things. At the age of 12 he had a job selling newspapers. He made money in a clever but simple way.
He checked the news stories first. When the news was interesting he took a lot of papers; when it was boring he took only few.
In 1877 he made a «phonograph» — the first ever sound recorder. The following year he invented the light bulb.
In 1882 New York was the first city in the world with electric lights. In 1889 he made a «kinetoscope». He also made films for his uew machine.
In 1903 he made the world's longest film (It was ten minutes long!) After more than one thousand inventions, Edison died at the age of eighty-four. In his honour they switched off the lights all over America.
James Clerk Maxwell
Maxwell, born in a well-known Scottish family, early showed signs of mathematical talent. At the age of 15 he contributed a piece of original work on the drawing of oval curves to the royal society of Edinburgh. The work was so well done that many refused to believe that such a young boy could be the author. At Cambridge, which he entered in 1856, he graduated the second in his class in mathematics. Maxwell was appointed to his first professorship at Aberdeen in 1859. In 1871 Maxwell was appointed a professor of experimental physics at Cambridge.
While at Cambridge he organized the Cavendish Laboratory, named in honour of the eccentric English scientist of the previous century Henry Cavendish. Several decades later the Cavendish Laboratory was to do great work, which was connected with radioactivity. The most important work of Maxwell's life was carried on between 1864 and 1873.
He placed into mathematical form the speculations of Faraday concerning magnetic lines of force. Maxwell's theory showed that electricity and magnetism could not exist in isolation. Where there was one, there was the other, so that his work is usually referred to as the electromagnetic theory. Maxwell died before the age of fifty in 1879. When Einstein's theories upset almost all of "classical physics", Maxwell's equations remained untouched and as valid as ever.
Задание 2. Выполнить письменно грамматическое задание на тему: Порядок слов в английском предложении.
Расставьте слова в предложениях по порядку.
1. usually / at 10 o'clock / out of the garage / in the morning / drives / his bike / Fred
2. a shower / after dinner / often / Mrs Lewis / takes
3. a parking place / near the library / we / find / seldom
4. to / I / on / a / night-club / sometimes / Saturdays / go
5. fly / my parents / to Australia / sometimes / I / in winter / and
6. enjoys / very much / swimming / in the pool / always / Mary
7. hardly / last year / could / skate / I
8. is / near / house / there / new / a / our / cinema
9. got / my / problems / I / with / have / home-task / some
10. well / think / your / very / I / don't / sister / drives
11. to / parents / once / the theatre / month / my / a / go
12. his / car / two / ago / Jim / sold / years
13. necklace / can’t / anywhere / Cindy / her / find
14. been / to / India / Mike / has / year / already / this
15. lunch / never / weekdays / she / has / on
Задание 3. Чтение и письменный перевод текста «Isaac Newton». Составление плана текста.
Письменно ответить на вопросы после текста.
Newton, one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved. After the school, Newton studied mathematics at Cambridge university and received his degree in 1665.
Then the university was closed because of the danger of plague and Newton went home for eighteen months. It was most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries — the discoveries of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation. These discoveries are still important for the modern science. Newton had always been interested in the problems of light. Many people saw colours of a rainbow but only Newton showed, by his experiments, that white light consists of these colours. It is interesting how he discovered the law gravitation. Once, as he sat at the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple.
Many people saw such an usual thing before. But it was Newton who asked himself a question: "Why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn't it go sidewards or upwards?" The answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.
Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument stands today.
1. When and where was Newton born?
2. Where did he study?
3. What three major discoveries did Newton make?
4. When did Newton make these discoveries?
5. How did the idea which led to the discovery of the law
of gravitation first come to him?
6. When did Newton die and where is he buried?
Vocabulary:
degree — ученая степень
discovery — открытие
differential calculuses — дифференциальное исчисление
law of gravitation — закон всемирного тяготения
rainbow — радуга
to draw — привлекать
perpendicularly — перпендикулярно
Задание 4. Выполнить письменно упражнение по теме: «The Numerals».
Переведите следующие предложения на английский:
1. Мы читаем урок шестой, упражнение пятое.
2. Джон пишет сегодня четвертое письмо.
3. Сегодня одиннадцатое декабря.
4. Вчера было девятое января 2013 года.
5. Джек должен выучить сорок семь слов.
6. Сегодня шестьсот двадцать третий день с начала шоу.
7. Джейн родилась в 1980 году.
8. Это была вторая попытка Джеймса сдать этот экзамен.