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Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. Shipbuilding is one of the principal industries of Great Britain. For centuries Britain has been the leading shipbuilder in the world.
Coal is the main source for the development of British industry. The biggest centres of iron and steel industries are situated in the neighbourhood of coal basins. They are Middleborough, Newcastle, Cardiff, Glasgow, Sheffield. The district around Birmingham is a land of factories and mines.
Coal-mining, metallurgy, textile, shipbuilding are the older branches of industry. The new industries are the chemical, electro technical, automobile, aviation and electronics. The new industries have developed hand in hand with science and technology and are equipped to meet present technical demands.
Big cities and towns such as London, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle, Sheffield and Birmingham have enterprises of nearly all branches of industry, old and new. The main centres of cotton and woolen industry are Leeds, Bradford and Manchester.
London, Liverpool and Glasgow are the biggest English ports. The products of British economy, for example, automobiles, textile, machinery, electronic equipment and many others, are exported to many countries of the world.
Agriculture is one of the largest and most important activities in Great Britain. The greater part of the land here is used for sheep-, cattle-, and dairy farming. Vegetables are grown in all parts of the country. The chief grain crops are wheat and barley.
Высокоразвитый, промышленный, кораблестроение, промышленность, уголь, источник, развитие, железо, сталь, окрестности, угольный бассейн, район, фабрика, шахта, добыча угля, отрасль, химический, рука об руку, наука, оснащать, современные технические требования, предприятие, хлопок, шерсть, продукция, оборудование,, сельское хозяйство, деятельность, овца, крупный рогатый скот, молочное животноводство, овощи, расти, зерновые культуры, пшеница, ячмень.
1. Is Great Britain highly-developed industrial country?
2. What is one of the principal industries of Great Britain?
3. What is the main source for the development of British industry?
4. What are the older branches of industry?
5. What are the new industries?
6. What are the main centers of cotton and woolen industry?
7. What are the biggest English ports?
8. What products of British economy are exported to many countries of the world?
9. What is one of the largest and most important activities in Great Britain?
10. What is the greater part of the land here used for?
11. What is grown in all parts of the country?
12. What are the chief grain crops?
LONDON.
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London is one of the world’s three largest cities (the other two are New York and Tokyo). It is one of the world’s most important ports and it is the capital of Great Britain.
The Romans founded a settlement on the river Thames 2000 years ago. They called it Londinium. London became a prosperous trading center during the Middle Ages. Since that time it has continued to grow in size and prosperity. There are more than 10 thousand streets in London. About 7 million people live there.
There are four main parts in London: The City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.
The very center of London is Trafalgar Square. There is Nelson’s Column with the statue of Admiral Nelson on the top (185 feet high). In the north of Trafalgar Square there is the National Gallery. It exhibits all schools of European painting from the 13th to the 19th century and includes works by van Dyck, Rubens, Goya, Leonardo da Vinci and Rembrandt.
Not far from Trafalgar Square there is a little street with very ordinary houses. This is Downing Street, and for the last 200 years at house №10 the Prime Minister of England has resided.
Downing Street leads to Whitehall. In Whitehall there was a place where from the 12th to the 16th century the England kings and queens were living. Now it is just a street of government offices.
A little further we can see Parliament Square. Westminster Abbey is on one side, the House of Parliament on the other. The building of House of Parliament is not old, it dates only back to the 19th century and is in Gothic style.
One of the most beautiful and distinguished of all English buildings is Westminster Abbey, founded in 11th century.
There are many tombstones, monuments and statues here. For nearly 1000 years all the kings and queens of England – 41 in all – have been crowned here and many of them are buried here too. Here is the Poet’s Corner where many of Britain’s greatest poets and writers are buried: Chaucer, Johnson, Dickens, Hardy and Kipling. You can see memorials to Shakespeare, Burns, Byron, Walter Scott and Thackeray.
Next, we can walk along one side of St. James Park to Buckingham Palace – the Royal residence. The vast house is comparatively new and it has no style. However, great importance is still attached by the British to this place. Here you can see one of the most colourful and stirring of all London ceremonies, the changing of the Guards. The ceremony starts at 11. 30 a. m. and takes between 30 and 40 minutes.
All the principal streets of London lead to the heart of the City, the financial and business center of Great Britain.
In London there is so much to see that even Londoners can always find new
sights. They like to say: “When a man has tired of London, he is tired of life.”
Порт, столица, римляне, основывать, поселение, процветающий, торговый центр, Средние века, расти, размер, процветание, улица, площадь, верх, выставлять (экспонировать), живопись, век, включать (в себя), обычный, проживать, король, королева, здание, выдающийся, надгробие, короновать, хоронить, королевская резиденция, прикреплять(привлекать), красочный и волнующий, смена караула, сердце, достопримечательности, уставать.
1. What is the capital of Great Britain?
2. What is London?
3. Where did the Romans found a new settlement 2000 years ago?
4. What was London during the Middle Ages?
5. What are the main parts of London?
6. What is the very center of London?
7. What does the National Gallery exhibit?
8. What Downing Street is famous for?
9. What is Whitehall?
10. What is situated on the both sides of the Parliament Square?
11. What do you know about Westminster Abbey?
12. What is the Buckingham Palace?
13. Where do all principal streets of London lead?
14. What do Londoners like to say about London?