Ex.6. Расскажите, что вы знаете о Казанском Государственном Энергетическом Университете.
UNIT 3
Text A
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometers. The population of the country is about 143.3 mln. people. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine. It also has a sea-border with the USA.
There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.
There are two great plains in Russia: the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountain chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.
There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe's biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers — the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena — flow from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean.
Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world's deepest lake (1,600 metres) is Lake Baikal. It is much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. The water in the lake is so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom.
Russia has one-sixth of the world's forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.
On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental.
Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources.
The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It is one of the oldest Russian cities.
The national symbols of the Russian Federation are a white-blue-red banner and a double-headed eagle.
The Russian Federation is a presidential republic headed by the President. The country government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls only the executive branch — the government, but not the Supreme Court and Federal Assembly.
The legislative power belongs to the Federal Assembly comprising two chambers: the Council of Federation (upper Chamber) and the State Duma (lower Chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. The executive power belongs to the government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts.
Our country has a multiparty system. The largest and most influential political parties are the «United Russia», the Communist party, «The Patriots of Russia», «The Justice Russia», «The Apple», Liberal-Democratic and some others.
The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations irrespective of their political and social systems.
But in spite of the problems Russia is facing at present, there are a lot of opportunities for this country to become one of the leading countries in the world. I'm sure that we, the younger generation, can do very much to make Russia as strong and powerful as it used to be.
Names
| the Russian Federation - Российская Федерация Europe - Европа | the Great Russian Plain - Русская (Восточно-Европейская) равнина |
| Asia - Азия | the West Siberian Lowland - Западно-Сибирская низменность |
| the Pacific Ocean - Тихий океан | the Urals - Уральские горы |
| the Arctic Ocean - Северный Ледовитый океан | the Caucasus - Кавказ |
| the Atlantic Ocean - Атлантический океан | the Altai - Алтай |
| China - Китай | the Volga - Волга |
| Mongolia - Монголия | the Caspian Sea - Каспийское море |
| Korea - Корея | the Yenisei - Енисей |
| Kazakhstan - Казахстан | the Amur - Амур |
| Georgia - Грузия | Lake Baikal - озеро Байкал |
| Azerbaijan - Азербайджан | the Baltic Sea - Балтийское море |
| Norway - Норвегия | Siberia - Сибирь |
| Finland - Финляндия | the Far East - Дальний Восток |
| the Baltic States - Прибалтийские государства | The Ob - Обь |
| Belarus - Беларусь | |
| Ukraine - Украина |
Vocabulary
| to occupy - занимать | |
| surface - поверхность | |
| Eastern - восточный | |
| Northern - северный | |
| total area - общая площадь | |
| square - квадратный | |
| to wash - омывать | |
| to border on - граничить с | |
| sea-border - морская граница | |
| There is hardly a country in the world... - Едва ли найдется страна... | |
| variety - разнообразие, множество | |
| scenary - пейзаж, ландшафт | |
| vegetation - растительность | |
| steppe - степь | |
| plain - равнина | |
| midland - средняя полоса | |
| tundra - тундра | |
| taiga - тайга | |
| highland - нагорье, высокогорная местность | |
| desert - пустыня | |
| chain - цепь | |
| to separate - разделять | |
| to flow - впадать | |
| Siberian - сибирский | |
| to count - считать | |
| bottom - дно | |
| to concentrate - cосредотачиваться, концентрироваться | |
| vast - обширный | |
| various - различный | |
| arctic - арктический | |
| subtropical - субтропический | |
| temperate - умеренный | |
| continental - континентальный | |
| oil - нефть | |
| coal - уголь | |
| iron ore - железная руда | |
| copper - медь | |
| mineral resources - полезные ископаемые | |
| parliamentary - парламентский | |
| head of state - глава государства | |
| legislative - законодательный | |
| powers - полномочия | |
| to exercise - осуществлять, выполнять | |
| scientific - научный | |
| complicated - сложный, запутанный | |
| to decrease - снижаться, падать | |
| constantly - постоянно | |
| the rate of inflation - уровень инфляции | |
| to go bankrupt - обанкротиться | |
| in spite of - несмотря на | |
| the younger generation - молодое поколение |
Ex.1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Where is the Russian Federation situated?
2. What is the total area of the country?
3. What countries does Russia border on?
4. What mountain chain separates Europe from Asia?
5. How many rivers are there in Russia?
6. Which is the longest river in Europe?
7. What do you know about Lake Baikal?
8. Do you know what strait separates Russia from America?
9. What mineral resources is the Russian Federation rich in?
10. What is the climate like in Russia?
11. What can you say about the Russian economy?
12. What great Russians do you know?
Ex.2. Переведите на русский язык слова и словосочетания:
Occupy; earth’s surface; cover; border on; a variety of scenery; mountain chains; flow into; various types of climate; subtropical; in the middle; temperate; iron ore; natural gas; parliamentary republic; legislative powers; exercise; complicated; decrease; rise; the rate of inflation; lose jobs; in spite of; opportunities.
Ex.3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:
Самая большая горная цепь; отделять; сосредотачиваться; занимать поверхность; несколько горных цепей; минеральные ресурсы; законодательная власть; промышленный центр; промышленное производство снижается; возможности.
Ex.4. Закончите предложения:
1. The country is washed by …
2. Its total area is about …
3. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates … …
4. Russia is very rich in …
5. Russia is a … …
6. The industrial production is …
Ex.5. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму:
1. The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world.
2. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans.
3. It has a sea-border with the USA.
4. There are two Great Plains in Russia.
5. Russia is a parliamentary republic.
6. The legislative powers are exercised by the Duma.
Ex.6. Составьте предложения, используя данные слова и словосочетания:
1. Surface; occupies; one-seventh; about; it; of the; earth’s.
2. Covers; the eastern part; Europe; of; it; and; of Asia; the northern; part.
3. The USA; it; has; with; also; a sea-border.
4. Of the country; there are; chains; several; mountain; on the territory.
5. The Duma; by; the legislative; are; powers; exercised.
Ex.7. Соответствуют ли данные предложения содержанию текста:
1. The Russian Federation is situated in the western part of Europe and the southern part of Asia.
2. Its total area is about 20 million square kilometers.
3. There are two Great Plains in Russia.
4. There are over five million rivers in Russia.
5. Europe’s biggest river, the Lena, flows into the Caspian Sea.
6. Russia is a constitution monarchy.
7. The head of State is the king.
Ex.8. Переведите слова в скобках:
1. The Russian Federation (занимает) about one-seventh of the earth’s surface.
2. The country (омывается) by 12 seas of 3 oceans.
3. There are (две великие равнины) in Russia.
4. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, (отделяет) Europe from Asia.
5. Europe’s biggest river, the Volga, (впадает) into the Caspian Sea.
6. Russia is a (президентская) republic.
Ex.9. Перескажите текст, используя план:
1. Geographical position.
2. A variety of scenery and vegetation.
3. Rivers and lakes in Russia.
4. Various resources.
5. Political and economic situation.
Text B
MOSCOW
Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 9 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Historians have accepted the year of1147 as the start of Moscow's history. Gradually the city became more and more powerful. In the 13th century Moscow was the centre of the struggle of Russian lands for the liberation from the tartar yoke. In the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state. Though Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg in 1712, Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon's attack. Three-quarters of the city was destroyed by fire during Napoleon's occupation, but by the mid-19th century Moscow had been completely restored. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital again. Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometers (ancient Moscow occupied the territory of the рresent day Kremlin). The population of the city is over 15 million.
Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. It has more historic associations than any other place in Moscow. The Kremlin and St Basil's Cathedral (Vasily Blazheny) are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Belt Tower of Ivan the Great, the Palace of Congresses, the Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. St Basil's Cathedral was built in the mid-16th century in memory of the victory over Kazan. There is a legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Barma and Postnik, because he didn't want them to create another masterpiece.
There are a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions, cathedrals, churches and monuments in Moscow. Now Moscow is being reconstructed and we all hope that in a few years the city will become even more beautiful.
There are more than 200 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Other unique museums in Moscow include the All-Russia Museum of Folk Arts, the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum, Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical CuIture and many others.
Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-known of them is the Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very popular.
Moscow is a city of students. There are over 180 higher educational institutions in it, including universities, institutes, academies.
Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and the centre of political life of the country.
Names
Ivan the Terrible - Иван Грозный
Peter the Great - Петр Великий (Петр I)
St Petersburg - Санкт-Петербург
Napoleon - Наполеон
St Basil's Cathedral - собор Василия Блаженного
The Bell Tower of Ivan the Great - Колокольня Ивана Великого
the Tzar-Cannon - Царь-пушка
the Tzar-Bell - Царь-колокол
Barma and Postnik - Барма и Постник
the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts - Музей изобразительных искусств имени Пушкина
Kazan - Казань
the State Tretyakov Gallery - Государственная Третьяковская галерея
the All-Russia Museum of Folk Arts - Всероссийский музей декоративного, прикладного и народного искусства
the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art - Музей древнерусского искусства имени Андрея Рублева
Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum - Театральный музей имени Бахрушина
Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture - Музей музыкальной культуры имени Глинки
the Bolshoi Opera House - Большой театр оперы и балета
Vocabulary
| historian - историк | |
| to accept - принимать, допускать | |
| gradually - постепенно | |
| powerful - сильный, могущественный | |
| liberation - освобождение | |
| tartar yoke - татарское иго | |
| united - соединенный, объединенный | |
| to remain - оставаться | |
| target - мишень | |
| attack - нападение, атака | |
| to destroy - разрушать | |
| fire - пожар | |
| occupation - оккупация | |
| completely - полностью, целиком | |
| to restore - реставрировать, восстанавливать | |
| ancient - древний | |
| masterpiece - шедевр | |
| architecture - архитектура | |
| architect - архитектор | |
| tower - башня | |
| legend - легенда | |
| to blind - ослепить | |
| palace - дворец | |
| mansion - особняк | |
| to reconstruct - перестраивать, восстанавливать | |
| unique - уникальный, единственный в своем роде | |
| drama theatre - драматический театр | |
| studio - студия, театр-студия | |
| higher educational institution - высшее учебное заведение |
Ex.1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. When was Moscow founded?
2. Is there a monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Moscow? Where is it?
3. When did Moscow become the capital?
4. In 1712 the capital was moved to St Petersburg, wasn’t it? When did Moscow become the capital again?
5. Was ancient Moscow a big city? What’s the total area of modern Moscow?
6. What’s the population of Moscow?
7. What places of interest in the centre of Moscow do you know?
8. What do you know about St Basil’s Cathedral?
9. What can you see on the territory of the Kremlin?
10. What are the most famous Moscow museums? (art galleries?)
11. What theatres in Moscow do you know?
12. What is your favorite place in Moscow?
Ex.2. Переведите на русский язык слова и словосочетания:
Historians; accepted; gradually; struggle; the liberation; the tartar yoke; the new united state; moved; remained the heart; the main target; three-quarters; destroy; during occupation; completely restored; historic associations; masterpieces; blinded; old mansions; cathedrals; churches; reconstruct.
Ex.3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:
Коммерческий и культурный центр; приняли; постепенно; борьба; за освобождение; объединенное государство; оставалась; цель атаки; оккупация; полностью восстановить; воспоминания; шедевры; собор; память; ослепить; создать другие шедевры; особняки; парламент.
Ex.4. Закончите предложения:
1. Moscow is a political, economic … … ….
2. It was founded 9 centuries ago by … ….
3. In the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became …
4. By the mid-19th century … … ….
5. The population of the city is … ….
6. The heart of Moscow is … ….
Ex.5. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму:
1. Moscow is the capital of Russia.
2. In the 13th century Moscow was the centre of the struggle of Russian lands for the liberation from the tartar yoke.
3. Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg in 1712.
4. By the mid-19th century Moscow had been completely restored.
5. The Spasskaya Tower has become the symbol of the country.
6. Now Moscow is being reconstructed.
Ex.6. Составьте предложения, используя данные слова и словосочетания:
1. Moscow; mansions; there are; and; a lot of; palaces; cathedrals; beautiful; churches; old; in.
2. More; 80 museums; in Moscow; there are; than.
3. Theatres; is; Moscow; famous; its.
4. Russian; is; the seat; Parliament; Moscow; of.
5. The start; historians; the year of 1147; history; of Moscow’s; have accepted; as.
Ex.7. Соответствуют ли данные предложения содержанию текста:
1. Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe.
2. Its total area is about fifteen hundred square kilometers.
3. The population of the city is over nine million.
4. Moscow was founded five centuries ago by Peter the Great.
5. In the 14th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state.
Ex.8. Переведите слова в скобках:
1. It (была основана) 9 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
2. Historians (приняли) the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow’s history.
3. Peter the Great (переместил) the capital to St Petersburg in 1712.
4. The Kremlin and St Basil’s Cathedral (являются шедеврами) of ancient Russian (архитектуры).
5. There is a legend that Ivan the Terrible (ослепил архитекторов) Barma and Postnik.
6. (Самый известный) of them is the Bolshoi Opera House.
Ex.9. Перескажите текст, используя план.
1. The history of Moscow.
2. Total area and the population.
3. Red Square.
4. Moscow is the centre of culture.
UNIT 4
Text A
GREAT BRITAIN
Great Britain (official name — the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is situated on two large islands, the largest of which is Great Britain, the smaller is Ireland. In addition to these two islands Great Britain includes over five hundred small islands. The total area of Great Britain is 240,000 sq. kms, its population is over 63,000,000 people.
In the north-west and west the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, in the east bythe North Sea. The island of Great Britain is separated from France by the English Channel. Northern Ireland, which is a part of Great Britain and which is situated on the island of Ireland, is separated from Great Britain by the North Channel.
The island of Great Britain is divided into two parts: mountainous (in the north and west of the island) and lowland (in the south and east) There are no very long rivers in Great Britain. The most important rivers are the Thames (the deepest) and the Severn (the longest). The rivers seldom freeze in winter. Due to the moderating influence of the sea Great Britain has an insular climate, rather humid and mild, without striking discrepancy between seasons.
Great Britain consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Administratively Great Britain is divided into 55 counties. The biggest cities of Great Britain are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh, and Cardiff. England is the largest part of Great Britain (it occupies over 50% of the territory and its population amounts to 83 % of the total population of Great Britain). Wales is a peninsula in the south-west of the island of Great Britain. It occupies about 9 % of its territory with the population of 4.8 % of the total population. Scotland is the most northern part of Great Britain with a territory of 32 % of the total territory and with a population of 9 % of the total population of Great Britain. Northern Ireland occupies the north-east part of the island of Ireland. Its territory amounts to 5.2 % of the total territory of Great Britain. The main cities of Northern Ireland are Belfast and Londonderry.
The Welsh have their own language. However, many Welsh people do not know Welsh, and English is spoken by everyone in Wales. Scotland and Ireland also have their own languages, but these are rarely spoken and English is known by everyone there.
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy, officially the head of state is the Queen (or the King). However, the power of the Queen in Great Britain is not absolute. She acts only on the advice of the ministers and Parliament. There is no written constitution in Great Britain. The main principles of British legislation are expressed in other documents, like "Magna Charta", Habeas Соrpus Act, "Bill of Rights'', the Parliamentary Act which decided the position of the House of Lords, and the Judicature Act. British legislation does not provide written guarantees of individual political rights.
Parliament in Great Britain has existed since 1265 and is the eldest Parliament in the world. It consists of two Houses — the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords consists of 1000 peers who are not elected by the people. The House of Commons is a nation-wide representative body which is elected by the people at a general election, within 5 years of the last election. After the general election the Queen appoints the head of the government — the Prime Minister. As a rule the Prime Minister is the leader of the party that has won the election. The Prime Minister appoints the ministers to make up the government.
There are two main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative party and the Labour party. The Conservative party came into being in the 19th century as a result of the evolution of the Tory party. The Labour party was founded in 1900 but since 1906 it has borne the name of the Labour Party. The Labour Party won the election for the first time in 1945.
Great Britain is a highly-developed industrial country. The main fields of British industry are machine-building, ship-building, metallurgy, and electronics.
Names
|
Vocabulary
total area - общая площадь
population - население
separate - отделять, разделять
divide - разделять
due to - благодаря
mountainous - гористый
lowland - низменность
seldom - редко
influence - влияние
insular - островной
striking - поразительный, удивительный, резкий
discrepancy - перепады, разница
peninsula - полуостров
act - действовать, зд. править
exist - существовать
appoint - назначать
bear (bore,borne) - получать
Ex.1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is the total area of Great Britain?
2. What is its population?
3. Where is Great Britain situated?
4. What are the main parts of Great Britain?
5. How many islands is Great Britain situated on?
6. Which is the largest island?
7. Are there long rivers in Great Britain?
8. Why is climate humid and mild?
9. What are the biggest cities of Great Britain?
10. When was the British constitution adopted?
11. Who is the head of state in Great Britain?
12. What are the Houses of Parliament?
13. What are the main fields of British industry?
14. What is the official name of Great Britain?
Ex.2. Переведите следующие слова и выражения:
Соединенное королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии; Британские острова; четыре основные части; официальное название
государства; благодаря умеренному влиянию; островной климат; без резких перепадов; графство; население насчитывает; парламентская монархия; Британское законодательство; представительский орган; назначать министров; главные политические партии; основные отрасли
промышленности.
Ex.3. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами, используя текст:
1. The rivers seldom … in winter.
2. … the moderating influence of the sea Great Britain has an … climate.
3. Great Britain is divided into 55 ….
4. Wales is a … in the south-west of the island of Great Britain.
5. The Welsh have their own ….
6. Great Britain is a … ….
7. There is no written … in Great Britain.
8. Great Britain is a … industrial country.
Ex.4. Закончите предложения подходящими фразами из правой колонки:
| 1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland … | a) …England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. |
| 2.The island of Great Britain is divided into two parts … | b) … the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea and the North sea. |
| 3.Great Britain consists of four main parts… | c) … is situated on two large islands. |
| 4.The country is washed by … | d) … mountainous and lowland. |
| 5.The main fields of industry are … | e) …63,000,000 people. |
| 6.The population of Great Britain is … | f) … machine building, ship building, metallurgy. |
Ex.5. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги, артикли или местоимения:
1. … the north-west and west …country is washed … the Atlantic Ocean.
2. … island…Great Britain is separated … France… the English Channel.
3. Due … … moderating influence … the sea Great Britain has … insular climate.
4. Great Britain consists … four main parts.
5. Great Britain is … parliamentary monarchy.
6. The Queen acts only … … advice … … ministers and Parliament.
7. The Labour Party won the election … the first time … 1945.
8. Parliament consists … … Houses - the House … Lords and the House … Commons.
Ex.6. Подберите соответствующие значения:
| 1. to be washed | а. Уэльс |
| 2. British Isles | b. Северная Ирландия |
| 3. mountains | c. столица |
| 4. climate | d. омываться |
| 5. Northern Ireland | e. Британские острова |
| 6. Wales | f. горы |
| 7. capital | g. климат |
| 8. shipbuilding | h.монархия |
| 9. island state | i. крест |
| 10. Atlantic Ocean | j. власть |
| 11. European continent | k. запад |
| 12. monarchy | l. европейский континент |
| 13. power | m. кораблестроение |
| 14. cross | n. самолетостроение |
| 15. west | o. островное государство |
| 16. aircraft | p. Атлантический океан |
| 17. Irish sea | q. Ирландское море |
Ex.7.Соответствуют ли данные предложения содержанию текста:
1. In the west the country is washed by the North Sea.
2. The island of Great Britain is divided into 6 parts.
3. Administratively Great Britain is divided into 60 counties.
4. Great Britain has an insular climate.
5. Ireland is the largest part of Great Britain.
6. Great Britain is a parliamentary republic.
7. The power of the Queen in Great Britain is absolute.
8. Officially the head of state is the Queen (or the king).
9. The written constitution was adopted in the 17 century.
10. Parliament in Great Britain has existed since 1265 and is the eldest Parliament in the world.
Ex.8. Составьте предложения, используя данные выражения:
To be situated on; in addition to; the total area of; population; to be separated from;
to be divided into; due to; insular climate; consist of; language; parliamentary
monarchy; the powers; absolute; legislation; representative body; political party;
is founded; industrial country.
Ex.9. Переведите слова в скобках:
1. Great Britain (находится) on two large islands.
2. The island of Great Britain (делится) into two parts: mountainous and lowland.
3. The island of Great Britain (отделяется) from France by the English Channel.
4. Great Britain (состоит) of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
5. English is not the only language which people (используют) in the UK.
6. The flag of the UK (состоит) of three crosses.
7. The climate of the country is (влажный и мягкий).
8. Great Britain is a (высокоразвитая) industrial country.
9. Great Britain is a (парламентарная монархия).
10. The Labour party (была основана) in 1900.
Ex.10. Перескажите текст, используя план:
1. Geographical position of Great Britain and the main parts it consists of.
2. Language the English people use.
3. Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy.
4. Parliament.
5. Political parties.
6. Industries of the UK.
Text B
LONDON
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million.
London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world.
Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other and seem to belong to different towns and epochs.
The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Few people live here, but over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Perhaps the most striking of them is St Paul's Cathedral, the greatest of English churches. It was built in the 17th century by Sir Christopher Wren. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal palace and a prison. Now it is a museum.
Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London.
Westminster Abbey has more historic associations than any other building in Britain. Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned here. Many outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers, poets and painters are buried here: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling, etc.
Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as "Big Ben".
Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.
The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs, and theatres are situated there. There are splendid houses and lovely gardens belonging to wealthy people.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson's victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the square.
On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery and the National Portrait Gallery. Not far away is the British Museum — the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures, etc, and is famous for its library.
The East End is the poorest district of London. There are a lot of factories, workshops and docks here. The streets are narrow, the buildings are unimpressive. The East End is densely populated by working class families.
Names
| The Bank of England -Английский банк | Kipling - Киплинг |
| The Stock Exchange - Лондонская фондовая биржа | Westminster Palace (the Houses of Parliament) -Вестминстерский дворец (здание английского парламента) |
| The Old Bailey - Центральный уголовный суд, находящийся в Олд-Бейли | Big Ben - Биг Бен, Большой Бен (колокол часов-курантов на здании парламента, бой которых передается ежедневно по радио как сигнал точного времени) |
| St Paul’s Cathedral - собор святого Павла (главный собор англиканской церкви) | Buckingham Palace - Букингемский дворец (главная королевская резиденция в Лондоне) |
| Sir Christopher Wren - Кристофер Рен | Trafalgar Square - Трафальгарская площадь |
| The Tower of London - Лондонский Тауэр | Nelson’s Column - колонна Нельсона |
| Julius Caesar - Юлий Цезарь | The National Gallery - Национальная галерея (крупнейшее в Великобритании собрание картин) |
| William the Conqueror - Вильгельм завоеватель, Вильгельм I (первый король из норманнов в Англии) | The National Portrait Gallery - Национальная портретная галерея |
| Westminster Abbey - Вестминстерское аббатство | The British Museum - Британский музей (один из крупнейших в мире) |
| Newton - Ньютон | Dickens - Диккенс |
| Darwin -Дарвин | Tennyson - Теннисон |
| Chaucer - Чосер |
Vocabulary
| commercial - торговый | |
| population - население | |
| to belong - принадлежать | |
| epoch - эпоха | |
| financial - финансовый | |
| numerous - многочисленный | |
| firm - фирма | |
| ancient - древний | |
| striking - поразительный, замечательный | |
| church - церковь | |
| to found - основывать | |
| to rebuild - перестраивать | |
| fortress - крепость | |
| royal - королевский | |
| palace - дворец | |
| prison - тюрьма | |
| governmental - правительственный | |
| association - ассоциация | |
| to crown - короновать | |
| coin - монета | |
| sculpture - скульптура | |
| to be famous for - быть знаменитым, славиться | |
| workshop - мастерская | |
| outstanding - выдающийся | |
| statesman - государственный деятель | |
| scientist - ученый | |
| painter - художник | |
| to bury - хоронить | |
| tower - башня | |
| official residence - официальная резиденция | |
| wealth - богатство | |
| wealthy - богатый | |
| symbol - символ | |
| luxury - роскошь | |
| restaurant - ресторан | |
| splendid - великолепный | |
| in memory of - в память о | |
| column - колонна | |
| to contain - содержать | |
| priceless - бесценный | |
| manuscript - рукопись | |
| narrow - узкий | |
| unimpressive - невпечатляющий, невыразительный | |
| densely - густо | |
| to populate - населять |
Ex.1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Is London the largest city in the world?
2. What's the population of London?
3. Traditionally London is divided into several parts. Can you name them?
4. What do you know about the City?
5. Who built St Paul's Cathedral?
6. Who founded the Tower of London? When was it rebuilt?
7. What is the historic, the governmental part of London?
8. What building has more historic associations than any other building in London?
9. What is Big Ben?
10. Can you describe Trafalgar Square?
11. Where do the working people of London live?
12. What are the most famous London museums and art galleries?
Ex.2. Переведите на русский язык слова и словосочетания:
Commercial centre; capital; divide; different; to belong to; epochs; business centre;
numerous; include; ancient; perhaps; the most striking; was founded; rebuilt;
fortress; prison; the governmental part; historic associations; crown; to bury; big
hour bell; residence; symbol of wealth and luxury; splendid houses.
Ex.3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений:
Торговый центр; самый большой город; один из самых старых городов;
принадлежать к различным эпохам; многочисленные фирмы; самый
замечательный; крепость; королевский дворец; правительственная часть;
выдающиеся государственные деятели; официальная резиденция;
великолепные дома; принадлежать богатым людям.
Ex.4. Закончите предложения:
1. London is one of the largest cities in the world and … …
2. Its population is about … …
3. Traditionally it is divided into several parts: … …
4. The heart of London is …
5. The Tower of London was founded by … …
6. Buckingham Palace is the … … …
Ex.5. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму:
1. London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world.
2. There are some famous ancient buildings within the city.
3. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar.
4. The tall Nelson’s Column stands in the middle of the square.
5. The British Museum contains a priceless collection.
Ex.6. Составьте предложения, используя данные словосочетания:
1. Economic; and; London; the capital; Great Britain; is; its; of; political; centre.
2. Parts; traditionally; it; is; into; several; divided.
3. Centre; financial; the heart; of; is; the City; London; its.
4. The governmental; Westminster; the Historic; is; part; of London.
5. Queen; the; the official; Buckingham; Palace; is; residence; of.
Ex.7. Соответствуют ли данные предложения содержанию текста:
1. The population of London is about 8 million.
2. Traditionally London is divided into 8 parts.
3. The heart of London is the East End.
4. The City is the historic, the governmental part of London.
5. Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.
6. Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London.
Ex.8. Переведите слова в скобках на английский язык:
1. London is one of (самых старейших и самых интересных) cities in the world.
2. The heart of London is the City, (его финансовый и деловой центр).
3. The Tower of London (был основан) by Julius Caesar.
4. Westminster is the historic, (правительственная часть) of London.
5. The West End is the symbol of (богатства и роскоши).
6. The British Museum contains a (бесценную коллекцию древних рукописей, монет, скульптур).
Ex.9. Составьте план текста.