Ex.22 Read the following sentences and find out where the teacher/tutor (= a teacher in a British university or college)/professor (= a teacher of a highest rank in a university department) teaches or where pupils/students study.
· He teachers adult learners how to use computers and electronic systems.
· He must work at a technical college. He must be a computer programmer.
1. He teaches children basic reading and writing.
2. Her pupils study wide range of subjects in arts and sciences and technical areas. They are absolutely brilliant.
3. These pupils have been selected for their abilities. They are so talented that do not find school curriculum challenging enough. They study different subjects in arts and science and technical areas.
4. She adores little ones. She says they are so obedient and nice. They pick up knowledge easily through playing.
5. These children have been sent by their rich parents to study a wide range of subjects including Latin. They are likely to get their degrees at Oxford and Cambridge after leaving school.
6. She is completely exhausted. She has been teaching physics for a great deal of years. Her pupils are teenagers over 11. They don’t have to pass a special examination to go to this school.
7. These students are asked to give macro-economic and political analysis of the situation.
8. She is being trained to be a dress maker and fashion designer.
9. Her students are much older than school age. For the main part they are married and have children. They are trained to be mechanics.
10. They are going to get their teaching diplomas this year.
11. He is a tutor. His students write diplomas in arts subjects.
Note: Do not use a or the before school/university/college when you are talking about the time when someone is studying there; e.g. She went to university/school. I met her at college (when we were students). In American English university is not used without articles. E.g. She was unhappy at the university.
Ex.23 Read these sentences spoken by university students. What is each person studying? Use the words from the box given below.
· We have to practice treating people and preventing illnesses and injuries.
· You must be taking a degree in medicine.
| psychology business studies engineering law | sociology agriculture politics philosophy | architecture history of art economics |
1. I’m concentrating on the modernist style and the work of Le Corbusier.
2. I know a lot about farming and often give advice to farmers using fertilizers nowadays.
3. We’re going to concentrate on Freud, founder of psychoanalysis.
4. The country’s economy has been in a state of decline ever since the government came to power.
5. I’ve been reading some books on the activity of buying and selling goods and services.
6. Look at the famous painting Return of the Prodigal Son painted by Rembrandt van Rijn, the greatest Dutch master.
7. My job is going to deal with the activity of designing things such as roads, railways, bridges or machines.
8. Lots of the Greek philosophers were influenced by the great Athenian philosopher Socrates.
9. We are offered some courses to concentrate on particular aspects of Irish, American, Russian and East European or West European politics, contemporary political theories, public policy studies and theoretical analysis of conflict and cooperation.
10. A survey carried out last year found 80% of the public in favour of the change.
11. Many people feel that their interests are not represented in government’s economic policy.
12. The local authority is prepared to prosecute criminals for breaking the law.
Ex.24 Speculate on the following descriptions. Use modals of deduction as in the model.
· He is a great pianist. He has got a degree in music. It’s highly probable that he has graduated from the Royal School of Music.
· I believe you are right. He must have graduated from the Royal School of Music.
1. He constructed lots of bridges. It’s highly probable that he has graduated from the Californian Institute of Technology.
2. She wrote a great variety of books on biology. It’s highly probable that she has graduated from The University of Edinburgh, one of the largest academic institutions in Britain.
3. He’s a famous military man. It’s highly probable that he has graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy.
4. Now she is working as a lecturer at the Royal College of Art. It’s highly probable that she has graduated from the Royal College of Art.
5. He is a Doctor of Law. It’s highly probable that he has graduated from the Stanford Law School.
6. She is an excellent designer. It’s highly probable that she has done vocational courses in art and design.
7. She keeps talking about new pedagogical methods. It’s highly probable that she has graduated from the famous Teacher Training College.
8. Now they are brilliant actors. It’s highly probable that they have graduated from the famous drama school.
9. He’s a PhD in economics. It’s highly probable that he has written his doctoral dissertation in the London School of Economics.
Note:
Qualifications (the names of degrees) are used as titles in writing; George Wright, MSc. In conversation, people with a PhD are given the title Doctor: Have you shown this to Dr Graham?
First degrees In Britain your first degree is
BA Bachelor of Arts or Humanities (= subjects such as English, history and social sciences)
BEd Bachelor of Education
MB Bachelor of Medicine
LLB Bachelor of Laws
BSc Bachelor of Science
Second/postgraduate/higher degrees If you do post-graduate study, you may get
MA Master of Arts
MSc Master of Science
After several years’ original research and publishing a thesis, you can get
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
Undergraduates usually write essays: a long essay is called a dissertation. A theses is longer still and contains original research.
Ex.25 You’ll hear short descriptions of the education system in England, the USA and Australia. Fill in the gaps and make notes on how a ‘typical’ pupil passes through the system in each country.
Schools and colleges
Britain
In Britain, from the ages of 5 to about 11, you start off at 1) _________________________and then from 11 to 16 you go to 2)_____________________________________________________. And at 16 you 3)________________________________________. After this some children take vocational courses or even 4) __________________; others stay on at school to take another two years to get A-levels and at the age of 18 after A-levels they might 5)________________________ ________________________________________________________at a college or at university and that’s usually for three years.
The United States
Well, it depends on what state you are in, but most kids in the United States 6)______________ when they go to elementary school; and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Some kids go to the kindergarten 7)__________________________________. Then they go on to a junior high school 8) ____________________________and at 7th and 9th grades; then they go on a senior high school, 9) _______________________________________studying in the 10th grade and finishing in 12th grade usually. Some students will leave school and 16 and start work but most of them 10)___________________________________________________________________. In the first-year high school or college 11)__________________freshmen, in the second they are called sophomores, 12)_______________________________________________juniors and in the fourth year they are called seniors. Now, 13)_______________________________then go to college or university and they do a four-year first-degree course, some of them might go to junior college, which is a two-year course.
Australia
Well, in Australia where in most states anyway 14)__________________________________after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school 15)___________________, then the others stay there or go to intermediate school 16)_______________________________. They start high school usually 17)_______________________________________, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school, you sit a general exam, some states call it 18)___________________________________, and that is a sort of general qualification. After that, you can 19)______________________________________or you can go on and sit your university entrance examination, which then gives you entry into a university or 20) __________________________________________. And then you go on to various sorts of higher education.
Note: Private education doesn’t operate in quite the same way as state education and there are regional variations in all three countries.
Grammar
Sequence of tenses
Ex.1 Do as in the model.
- Ann always passes her exams.
- What did she say?
· She said that Ann always passed her exams.
1. School-leavers take exams in different subjects.
2. Michael wants to get a degree in Sociology.
3. It is important to speak English nowadays.
4. So many people take a course in English.
5. Jack often skips lectures.
6. So Jack often fails his exams.
7. Julia always takes notes on lectures.
8. Robert is a hard-working student.
9. He studies the subject carefully.
10. The professor gives lectures on IT twice a week.
11. School-leavers get GCSEs.
12. Our niece wants to enter the university.
13. Many students graduate from universities every year.
Ex.2 Translate from Russian into English.
1. Профессор говорит, что эти студенты всегда прогуливают занятия.
2. Он сказал, что эти студенты всегда прогуливают занятия.
3. Она говорит, что ходит на курсы английского два раза в неделю.
4. Она сказала, что ходит на курсы два раза в неделю.
5. Он говорит, что хочет получить диплом по физике.
6. Он сказал, что хочет получить диплом по физике.
7. Они говорят, что изучают химию прилежно.
8. Они сказали, что изучают химию прилежно.
9. Он говорит, что многие выпускники школ поступают в этот колледж каждый год.
10. Он сказал, что многие выпускники школ поступают в этот колледж каждый год.
11. Профессор говорит, что эти студенты не делают конспектов.
12. Профессор сказал, что эти студенты не делают конспектов.
Ex.3 Do as in the model.
- Ann is taking an exam in English.
- What did she say?
· She said that Ann was taking an exam in English.
1. Many people are taking a course in English nowadays.
2. Julia is skipping her lectures.
3. Jane is preparing for her English now.
4. Robert isn’t studying the subject carefully.
5. June is taking notes for us.
6. The professor is giving a lecture on Egyptian Art.
7. School leavers are getting their GCSEs these days.
8. My nephew is just entering the university.
9. My niece is graduating the university now.
10. She is getting a degree in Geography.
Ex.4 Translate from Russian into English.
1. Она говорит, что сейчас она сдает экзамен по информатике.
2. Она сказала, что она сейчас сдает экзамен по информатике.
3. Он говорит мне, что как раз сейчас он готовится к лекции.
4. Он сказал мне, что как раз сейчас он готовится к лекции.
5. Они говорят, что их дети на днях получают аттестат о среднем образовании.
6. Они сказали, что их дети на днях получают аттестат о среднем образовании.
7. Он говорит, что его сын как раз сейчас поступает в колледж.
8. Он сказал, что его сын как раз сейчас поступает в колледж.
9. Мы объясняем каждому, что как раз сейчас наш профессор читает лекции по экономике.
10. Мы объясняли всем, что как раз сейчас наш профессор читает лекции по экономике.
11. Студенты говорят нам, что они сейчас сдают экзамены.
12. Студенты сказали нам, что они сейчас сдают экзамены
Ex.5 Do as in the model.
- Ann passed her exam.
- What did she say?
· She said that Ann had passed her exam.
1. Peter took an exam in Literature.
2. Many people took a course in French.
3. Julia skipped lectures.
4. Robert was a lazy student.
5. He didn’t study the subject carefully.
6. So Robert failed an exam in Maths.
7. June took notes for us.
8. The professor gave a lecture on a new discovery in biology.
9. School-leavers got GCSEs.
10. My nephew entered the university.
11. My niece graduated from the university.
12. She got a degree in Geography.
Ex.6 Translate from Russian into English.
1. Профессор говорит, что эти студенты всегда успешно сдают экзамены.
2. Он сказал, что эти студенты всегда успешно сдают экзамены.
3. Он сказал, что эти студенты всегда успешно сдавали экзамены.
4. Она говорит, что ходит на курсы испанского два раза в неделю.
5. Она сказала, что ходит на курсы испанского два раза в неделю.
6. Она сказала, что ходила на курсы испанского два раза в неделю.
7. Он говорит, что хочет окончить колледж.
8. Он сказал, что хочет окончить колледж.
9. Он сказал, что хотел окончить колледж.
10. Они уверены, что их дети никогда не ленятся.
11. Они были уверены, что их дети никогда не ленятся.
12. Они были уверены, что их дети никогда не ленились.
13. Он говорит, что выпускники школ получают аттестат о среднем образовании.
14. Он сказал, что выпускники школ получают аттестат о среднем образовании.
15. Он сказал, что выпускники школ получили аттестат о среднем образовании.
16. Профессор говорит, что он читает лекции по истории.
17. Профессор сказал, что он читает лекции по истории.
18. Профессор сказал, что он читал лекции по истории.
Ex.7 Do as in the model.
- Do you think Ann will pass an exam in economics?
- I think she will. I think Ann will pass am exam in economics.
- What did she/he say?
· She/he said that Ann would pass an exam in economics.
1. …Michael will take an exam in Chemistry next week.
2. …Jane will get a degree in political science in a year.
3. …Nick will take a course in English in two months.
4. …Jack will fail his exam in Physics next Friday.
5. …Julia will take notes; she will write down important information for us.
6. …Robert will study the subject carefully.
7. …our professor will give a lecture on Art next Sunday.
8. …our nephew will get GCSE at last.
9. …our niece will enter the university next month.
10. …she won’t skip lectures.
11. …she will graduate from the university.
Note: Future-in-the-Past употребляется для выражения действий, которые представляются будущими с точки зрения прошлого.
Ex.8 Translate from Russian into English. Pay attention to the Future-in-the-Past Tense.
1. Я думаю, что она успешно сдаст экзамен по математике.
2. Я не думал, что она провалится на экзамене по латинскому языку.
3. Его родители надеются, что он не будет прогуливать лекций по биологии.
4. Мы надеялись, что наша племянница поступит в университет.
5. Я думаю, что он окончит университет через год.
6. Она думала, что профессор будет читать лекции по искусству два раза в неделю.
7. Студенты надеются, что скоро получат диплом по политологии.
8. Студенты считали, что, у них будет экзамен по физике через три месяца.
9. Он думает, что его сын будет посещать лекции регулярно.
10. Мы думали, что она будет прилежной ученицей.
11. Все родители не уверены, что их дети не будут лениться.
12. Они были уверены, что их племянник будет прилежно изучать информатику.
Ex.9 Do as in the model.
- Let me tell you about a very good girl. She has been so hard-working all her life.
- I know her perfectly well too. I’ve known her all my life.
- She did perfectly well at school.
· I’m not surprised. I was sure that she would do well at school.
1. She attended her classes regularly.
- She never skipped them.
- She got only excellent and good marks.
- She passed her finals.
- She passed her entrance exams.
- She entered the university.
- She studied the subjects carefully.
- She wasn’t lazy.
- She took notes regularly.
- She took exams twice a year.
- She passed her final exams.
- She got a degree in geography.
13. She has become a good specialist.