1. The intangible desire to explore and challenge the boundaries of what we know and where we have been has provided drawbacks of our society for centuries.
2. Human space exploration helps to address fundamental questions about our place in the Universe and the history of our solar system.
3. We expand technology, create new industries and help to foster a peaceful connection with other nations.
4. Curiosity and exploration are vital to the human spirit and accepting the challenge of going deeper into space will invite some citizens of big cities to join NASA on this exciting journey.
5. This is the beginning of a new era in space exploration in which NASA has been challenged to develop systems and capabilities required to explore beyond high–Earth orbit.
6. NASA will use the U.S. Space Station as a test–bed and stepping stone for the challenging journey ahead.
7. The International Space Station serves as a national laboratory for human health, biology, medicine, materials investigation as a stepping stone for keeping distance with the solar system.
8.We will improve and learn new ways to ensure astronauts are safe, healthy and productive while exploring.
9. We will continue expand our knowledge and skills about how materials and biological systems behave under the influence of gravity.
10. Translunar space is vast expanse surrounding the Earth-moon system, extending far beyond the moon’s orbit.
11. NASA can research galactic cosmic radiation exploring deep space and develop mitigation strategies that may also lead to medical advancements on Earth.
12. The Lagrange points places in translunar space where the gravitational influences of the Earth.
13. The Lagrange point on the far side of the Earth-Moon system, called L2, also provides a “radio silence” zone for astronomical observations.
14. Missions to translunar space will give only NASA the opportunity to develop tools and operational techniques to support decades of future exploration.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the present participle or past participle in brackets.Use the given variants (See Grammar Reference Section Unit 9)
(frightening / frightened)
a) The kids ran away from the _____________________ ghost.
b) Mum tried to calm down the _____ kids: «Don’t worry, it wasn’t real!»
( confusing / confused)
a) Emma tried to read the ___________________________ instructions; she couldn’t understand anything.
b) After she had read the instructions, Emma was really ___________________________ and didn’t know what to do.
( exciting / excited)
a) This is really an _____________________ book! You should read it. b) Before her first date, Sally was very ___________________________.
( fascinating / fascinated)
a) Peter is a scientist. He studies insects. He thinks they are __________.
b) Peter has always been ___________________________ by insects.
( depressing / depressed)
a) Don’t watch that film. It is really ___________________________.
b) Ben has been sad and _____________ ever since his girlfriend left him.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the present participle or past participle in brackets
1. Ellen tried to calm down the ________________________ (cry) child.
2. The kids found the _______________(steal) diamonds in a rubbish bin.
3. Sally tried to listen at the _____(close) door, but she couldn’t hear a thing.
4. My mom gave me one of her home – ____(make) cakes for my birthday.
5. We need an English – ______________ (speak) secretary for our office.
6. Dad called out to the ____ (play) children: “Come in! Dinner is ready!”
7. Suzy took her _______________________ (break) car to the shop and asked the mechanic to repair it.
8. The scientists showed us the new energy – ___________________________ (save) technology they had invented.
9. This article is really well – _______________________ (write).
10. The party was held in a beautifully _____________ (decorate) room.
11. Peter found a ____________________ (hide) treasure in the garden.
12. The warm, comfortable room with the big sofa looked ___________ (invite).
Replace the relative clause with a participle construction according to the given model
Model: I saw the cat which was sitting on the sofa. – I saw the cat sitting on the sofa.
1. Let’s talk to the man who is working over there.
2. I liked the band that played at the party.
3. I live in a city that was founded two thousand years ago.
4. The children who are playing in the garden are my brothers.
5. There were two students who were studying in the library.
6. She knows the boy who delivers the newspapers.
7. All the singers who were discovered by this agent became very successful.
8. The vegetables which are grown here are delicious and very healthy.
9. My mum likes the food which is bought at the local store.
10. The old man who was hurt in the accident is better now.
11. She tried not to wake up the baby boy who was sleeping in his bed.
12. The pets which are sold at the pet shop look very unhappy.
13. Animals that are kept in small cages often die early.
Problem-solving. Work in pairs. Read the following two texts and write down questions about asteroids and Mars. Ask your partner the questions and write down the answers. Discuss the problem
Asteroids
Asteroids are believed to have formed early in our solar system's history–about 4.5 billion years ago–when a cloud of gas and dust called the solar nebula collapsed and formed our sun and the planets. By visiting these near Earth objects to study the material that came from the solar nebula, we can look for answers to some of humankind's most compelling questions, such as: how did the solar system form and where did the Earth's water and other organic materials such as carbon come from?
In addition to unlocking clues about our solar system, asteroids may provide clues about our Earth. By understanding more about asteroids we may learn more about past Earth impacts and possibly find ways to reduce the threat of future impacts. Future robotic missions to asteroids will prepare humans for long – duration space travel and the eventual journey to Mars. Robotic missions will provide reconnaissance information about asteroid orbits, surface composition, and even return samples to Earth for further evaluation. These robotic missions are a critical step in preparing humans to visit asteroids where we will learn about the valuable resources available in space, and further develop ways to use them in our quest for more efficient and affordable exploration.
Mars
Mars has always been a source of inspiration for explorers and scientists. Robotic missions have found evidence of water, but if life exists beyond the Earth still remains a mystery. Robotic and scientific robotic missions have shown that Mars has characteristics and a history similar to Earth's, but we know that there are striking differences that we have yet to begin to understand. Humans can build upon this knowledge and look for signs of life and investigate Mars' geological evolution, resulting in research and methods that could be applied here on Earth. A mission to our nearest planetary neighbor provides the best opportunity to demonstrate that humans can live for extended, even permanent, stays beyond low Earth orbit. The technology and space systems required to transport and sustain explorers will drive innovation and encourage creative ways to address challenges. As previous space endeavors have demonstrated, the resulting ingenuity and technologies will have long lasting benefits and applications. The challenge of traveling to Mars and learning how to live there will encourage nations around the world to work together to achieve such an ambitious undertaking. The International Space station has shown that opportunities for collaboration will highlight our common interests and provide a global sense of community.
UNIT 10