Elementary Networking
LEARNERS’ GUIDE
Astrakhan - 2011
© Bagrintseva O.B. working out, 2011
Preface.
This learners’ guide is developed for people studying the English language as a foreign one. This workbook is devoted to the problems linked with networks, their structure and the type of communication across a computer network. The information is obtained from authentic and highly regarded informational sources, including the electronic ones. The main aim of this work is not to teach people how to create a network but to develop English speaking, writing, reading and listening skills. This book is constructed on the base of research scientific articles written by different authors.
The structure of the book is the following:
1. a text concerning one of the networking problems is given for reading;
2. some exercises for training and developing speaking, writing and vocabulary skills;
3. at the end of each part topics for some round-table talks or writing composition and explaining the learner’s point of view are given.
A great attention is paid to the vocabulary studying. There are a lot of exercises for learning new words and expressions. This work is organized on the base of Oxford Dictionaries such as: A.S. Hornby Oxford Dictionary of Current English; Collins Cobuild Advances Learner’s English Dictionary; Concise Oxford English Dictionary 11th edition.
So if you want to deepen your knowledge of the English language and to try to speak it fluently you can do your best and try to cross the bridge between basic knowledge and mastery which is very difficult to cross.
Good Luck!
Text 1.
What is a network?
There are many network types that provide us with different kinds of services. In the course of a day, a person might make a phone call, watch a television show, listen to the radio, look up something on the Internet, or even play a video game with someone in another country. All of these activities depend on robust, reliable networks. Networks provide ability to connect people and equipment no matter where they are in the world. People use networks without ever thinking about how they work or what it would be like if the networks did not exist.
Communication technology in the 1990s, and before, required separate, dedicated networks for voice, video and computer data communications. Each of these networks required a different type of device in order to access the network. Telephones, televisions, and computers used specific technologies and different dedicated network structures, to communicate. But imagine the situation when people want to access all of these network services at the same time. Is it possible to use a single device?
New technologies create a new kind of network that delivers more than a single type of service. Unlike dedicated networks, these new converged networks are capable of delivering voice, video and data services over the same communication channel or network structure.
New products are coming to market and take advantage of the capabilities of converged information networks. Now people can watch video broadcasts on their computers, make a telephone call over the Internet, or search the Internet using a television. Converged networks make it possible.
The term network refers to these new multi-purpose, converged information networks.
Exercise 1: answer the following questions.
1. What activities are stimulated by the networks? Make the list of them.
2. What ability do networks provide?
3. What is the difference between dedicated networks and converged networks?
4. What can people do using the converged networks?
Exercise 2: translate the following word combinations.
robust network, reliable network, look up something on the Internet, to provide ability, to connect equipment, communication technology, computer data communication, to require different type of device, in order to access the network, different dedicated network structures, a single device, to deliver more than a single type of service, converged information networks, to be capable of delivering voice, video and data services, communication channel, network structure, to come to market, advantage of the capabilities, to watch video broadcasts on one’s computer, to make a telephone call over the Internet, search the Internet using a television, to refer to multi-purpose activity.
Exercise 3: translate the following statements.
1. В настоящее время существует множество сетей, предоставляющих самые разнообразные услуги. 2. Сети объединяют людей и устройства независимо от того, в какой части света они находятся. 3. Коммуникационные технологии, которые использовались в 90-х годах, предполагали прокладку отдельных, специализированных сетей для передачи голоса, видео и компьютерных данных. 4. Для доступа к каждой сети были необходимы отдельные устройства. 5. Телефоны, телевизоры и компьютеры передавали данные с использованием специализированных технологий и сетевых структур. 6. Современные технологии позволили создать сеть нового типа, предоставляющую несколько видов услуг одновременно. 7. В отличие от специализированных сетей, новые, объединенные системы могут передавать голос, видеоизображение и данные с использованием одного и того же канала связи или сетевой структуры. 8. На рынке появляются новые товары с поддержкой возможностей объединенных информационных сетей. 9. Объединенные сети позволяют смотреть эфирные видеопрограммы на мониторе компьютера, звонить по телефону через сеть Интернет или искать информацию в Интернете, используя экран телевизора. 10. Термин "сеть" употребляется относительно новых, универсальных объединенных информационных сетей.
Exercise 4: make a bilingual translation.
| There are many networks types that provide us with different kinds of services. In the course of a day, a person might make a phone call, watch a television show, listen to the radio, look up something on the Internet, or even play a video game with someone in another country. All of these activities depend on robust, reliable networks. Networks provide ability to connect people and equipment no matter where they are in the world. People use networks without ever thinking about how they work or what it would be like if the networks did not exist. New technologies create a new kind of network that delivers more than a single type of service. Unlike dedicated networks, these new converged networks are capable of delivering voice, video and data services over the same communication channel or network structure. The term network refers to these new multi-purpose, converged information networks. | Коммуникационные технологии, использовавшиеся в 90-х годах, предполагали прокладку отдельных, специализированных сетей для передачи голоса, видео и компьютерных данных. Для доступа к каждой сети необходимы были отдельные устройства. Телефоны, телевизоры и компьютеры передавали данные с использованием специализированных технологий и сетевых структур. Тем не менее, всем хотелось бы получить доступ к таким сетевым службам одновременно, желательно с одного устройства. На рынке постоянно появляется большое количество новых товаров с поддержкой возможностей объединенных информационных сетей. Также в настоящее время появилась возможность смотреть телепередачи, используя монитор компьютера, звонить по телефону через сеть Интернет или искать информацию в Интернете, используя экран телевизора. Все это стало возможным благодаря использованию объединенных сетей. |
Exercise 5: summarize the text.
Exercise 6: Work in groups. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of the dedicated and converged networks.
Text 2
Benefits of networking
Networks come in all sizes. They can be ranged from simple networks consisting of two computers, to networks connecting millions of devices. Networks installed in small offices, or homes and home offices, are referred to as SOHO networks. SOHO networks enable sharing of resources, such as printers, documents, pictures and music between a few local computers.
In business, large networks can be used to advertise and sell products, order supplies, and communicate with customers. Communication over a network is usually more efficient and less expensive than traditional forms of communication, such as regular mail or long distance phone calls. Networks allow rapid communication such as email and instant messaging, and provide consolidation, storage, and access to information on network servers.
Business and SOHO networks usually provide a shared connection to the Internet. The Internet is considered as a "network of networks" because it is literally made up of thousands of networks that are connected to each other.
Here are other uses of a network and the Internet: sharing music and video files; research and on-line learning; chatting with friends; planning vacations; purchasing gifts and supplies.
Exercise 1: answer the following questions.
1. How can the networks be ranged?
2. Where the networks can be installed?
3. What does the term SOHO mean?
4. What is the purpose of using the large networks in the business sphere?
5. When is communication over the network more efficient and less expensive?
6. Do business and SOHO networks usually provide a shared connection to the Internet?
7. How is the Internet considered?
8. Give examples of the networks using?
Exercise 2: translate the following word combinations
to come in all sizes, to be ranged from simple networks to networks connecting millions of devices, to be installed in small offices and home offices, to be referred to as SOHO networks, to enable sharing of resources between a few local computers, to advertise and sell products, to order supplies, to communicate with customers, communication over a network, to be more efficient and less expensive, traditional forms of communication, long distance phone calls, to allow rapid communication, instant messaging, to provide consolidation, to access to information on network servers, to provide a shared connection to the Internet, to be considered as a "network of networks", to be literally made up of thousands of networks, sharing music and video files, research and on-line learning, chatting with friends, planning vacations, purchasing gifts and supplies.
Exercise 3: translate the following statements.
1. Сети различаются по размеру: от простых сетей, состоящих из двух компьютеров, и до систем, соединяющих миллионы устройств. 2. Сети, проложенные в небольших офисах, сокращенно называются SOHO. 3. Сети SOHO обеспечивают нескольким локальным компьютерам общий доступ к ресурсам, таким как принтеры, документы, изображения и музыка. 4. Крупные корпоративные сети используются в целях рекламы и продажи выпускаемой продукции, заказа расходных материалов и общения с покупателями. 5. Как правило, связь через сеть эффективнее и дешевле традиционных методов обмена данными. 6. Используя сеть можно не только быстро обмениваться данными, а также собирать, хранить и скачивать информацию с сетевых серверов. 7. Как правило, корпоративные и домашние сети предоставляют общий доступ к сети Интернет. 8. Интернет считается "сетью сетей", поскольку фактически состоит из тысяч соединенных друг с другом сетей. 9. Сеть и Интернет можно использовать в различных целях: обмен музыкальными файлами и видеозаписями; поиск информации и дистанционное обучение; общение с друзьями; планирование отпусков; покупка подарков и расходных материалов.
Exercise 4: make a bilingual translation.
| Networks come in all sizes. They can be ranged from simple networks consisting of two computers, to networks connecting millions of devices. Networks installed in small offices, or homes and home offices, are referred to as SOHO networks. SOHO networks enable sharing of resources, such as printers, documents, pictures and music between a few local computers. Business and SOHO networks usually provide a shared connection to the Internet. The Internet is considered as a "network of networks" because it is literally made up of thousands of networks that are connected to each other. Here are other uses of a network and the Internet: sharing music and video files; research and on-line learning; chatting with friends; planning vacations; purchasing gifts and supplies. | Крупные корпоративные сети используются в целях рекламы и продажи продукции, заказа расходных материалов и общения с покупателями. Как правило, связь посредством сети намного эффективнее и дешевле традиционных методов обмена данными, таких как почта или международные телефонные звонки. Использование сети позволяет быстро обмениваться данными (например, сообщениями электронной почты), а также собирать, хранить и скачивать информацию с сетевых серверов. Обычно корпоративные и домашние сети предоставляют общий доступ к сети Интернет. Интернет считается "сетью сетей", поскольку фактически состоит из тысяч соединенных друг с другом сетей. |
Exercise 5: render the text.
Exercise 6: Can you name other ways people use networks and the Internet in their daily lives?
Text 3
Basic networks components
There are many components that can be part of a network, for example personal computers, servers, networking devices, and cabling. These components can be grouped into four main categories: hosts; shared peripherals; networking devices; networking media.
The network components that people are most familiar with are hosts and shared peripherals. Hosts are devices that send and receive messages directly across the network.
Shared peripherals are not directly connected to the network, but instead are connected to hosts. The host is then responsible for sharing the peripheral across the network. Hosts have computer software configured to enable people on the network to use the attached peripheral devices.
The network devices, as well as networking media, are used to interconnect hosts.
Some devices can play more than one role, depending on how they are connected. For example, a printer directly connected to a host (local printer) is a peripheral. A printer directly connected to a network device and participates directly in network communications is a host.
Exercise 1: answer the following questions:
1. What components can be part of a network?
2. In what groups can these components be grouped in?
3. What are hosts used for?
4. How can you describe shared peripherals?
5. What is host responsible for?
6. What do network devices interconnect?
7. Describe the roles of a printer directly connected to a host/to a network?
Exercise 2: translate the following word combinations:
to be part of a network; cabling; to be grouped into some categories; shared peripherals; networking devices; networking media; to be most familiar with; to send and to receive messages directly; across the network; not to be directly connected to the network; to be responsible for; to share the peripheral across the network; the attached peripheral devices; networking media; to be used to interconnect hosts; to play more than one role; depending on how they are connected; a printer directly connected to a host; a printer directly connected to a network device; to participate directly in network communications.
Exercise 3: translate the following statements:
1. Cеть может состоять из различных компонентов, таких как персональные компьютеры, серверы, сетевые устройства и кабели. 2. Компоненты сети входят в состав четырех основных категорий: узлы; совместно используемые периферийные устройства; сетевые устройства; сетевые носители. 3. Узлы и периферийные устройства более известны пользователям. 4. Узлы представляют собой устройства, непосредственно отправляющие и принимающие сообщения в сети. 5. Совместно используемые периферийные устройства подключаются к сети посредством узлов. 6. Таким образом, узел обеспечивает общий доступ к периферийному устройству из сети. 7. На узлах устанавливается компьютерное программное обеспечение, с помощью которого пользователи используют периферийные устройства, подключенные к сети. 8. Узлы соединяются между собой посредством сетевых устройств и сетевых носителей. 9. Некоторые устройства могут выполнять несколько функций, в зависимости от метода подключения. 10. Если принтер подключить непосредственно к узлу, то он будет работать как периферийное устройство. 11. Принтер, подключенный к сетевому устройству и непосредственно участвующий в обмене данными по сети, является узлом.
Exercise 4: make a bilingual translation:
| There are many components that can be part of a network, for example personal computers, servers, networking devices, and cabling. These components can be grouped into four main categories: hosts; shared peripherals; networking devices; networking media. Shared peripherals are not directly connected to the network, but instead are connected to hosts. The host is then responsible for sharing the peripheral across the network. Hosts have computer software configured to enable people on the network to use the attached peripheral devices. Some devices can play more than one role, depending on how they are connected. | Узлы и периферийные устройства знакомы пользователем больше чем другие компоненты сети. Узлы - это устройства, которые непосредственно отправляют и принимают сообщения в сети. Сетевые устройства, как и сетевые носители, соединяют узлы между собой. Так, локальный принтер, подключенный непосредственно к узлу используется как периферийное устройство. Принтер, подключенный к сетевому устройству и непосредственно участвующий в обмене данными по сети, является узлом. |
Exercise 5: make a brief summary of the text.
Exercise 6: Work in groups: describe the function of the networking devices and networking media.
Text 4