1. Some students intend to pursue a research career. 2. We decided not to pursue the matter. 3. She is pursuing her studies at the university. 4. The samples vary in quality but are generally acceptable. 5. There are various ways of doing this. 6. We want more variety in our work. 7. The variables in the equation are X, Y and Z. 8. The team’s performance this year has been very variable. 9. They revealed the plans for the new building. 10. The university teacher revealed to his students the beauty of science by actively engaging them in the learning process. 11. The role of scientists is to observe and describe the world, not to try to control it. 12. People must observe the law. Nobody should be an exception. 13. The doctor wants to keep him under observation for a week. 14. She has some interesting observations on possible future developments. 15. The research was done by means of the comparative method.
3. Complete the following sentences with details from the Text.
1. Scientific knowledge includes facts, formulas, and____________.
2. The scientific methods are applied in______________________.
3. is the resulting effect of the manipulation of some variables.
4. A classic example of using descriptive methods is_____________.
5. An example of using modeling methods is__________________.
6. Experimental and modeling methods rely on and of existing systems.
4. Locate the following details in the Text. Give the line numbers.
1. In which lines does the author explain the structure of scientific knowledge?
2. Where in the Text does the author first mention different types of research methods?
3. At what point in the Text does the author discuss the example of overlapping some scientific methods?
4. Where in the Text does the author explain the use of descriptive and comparative methods in combination?
5. Underline the detail that is NOT mentioned in the Text in each of the sentences below.
1. The objectives, results and underlying principles of scientific techniques are similar.
2. A descriptive method includes some variables to be controlled, observations, and measurements of behaviours.
3. The results of descriptive and comparative methods often confirm causal relationships determined by models, experiments, and description.
6. Answer the following detail questions.
1. According to the Text, how do we know about adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine?
a) by chance
b) through the work of many scientists
c) by collecting some data
2. According to the Text, a single scientific investigation may have characteristics of a) one method.
b) many methods.
16. Descriptive methods are pretty much as they sound — they describe situations. 17. A considerable amount of psychological research uses the experimental method. 18. Today, different approaches for the development of modelling methods are available and promoted by different communities in research as well as practice. 19. The research method you will follow is directly connected to your problem statement and goal of research. 20. The social sciences apply different research methods. 21. Qualitative and quantitative research methods vary greatly in many ways, but also overlap. 22. The Richter Scale is a measure of ground motion. 23. The government is introducing tougher measures to combat crime. 24. This is a device that measures the level of radiation in the atmosphere. 25. The process of measurement is central to quantitative research. 26. This course provides an introduction to methodology and research methods relevant to undertaking a research degree in International Relations. 27. The relation between the original book and this new film is very faint. 28. These methods allow researchers to test hypotheses and theories and look for relationships between different variables. 29. They are now developing ways to produce the vaccine in large quantities and cheaply. 30. It is impossible to quantify the number of Web sites on the Internet. 31. It is quality not quantity that really counts. 32. Unemployment is a major cause of poverty. 33. The difficult driving conditions caused several accidents. 34. Is there a causal relationship between violence on television and violent behaviour? 35. Scientists found no causality between the events. 36. Scientific research relies on the application of various methods. 37. It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve. 38. This matter has assumed considerable importance. 39. These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise. 40. They managed to confirm the hypothesis. 41. We will send you written confirmation of our offer shortly. 42. Applied research is designed to solve practical problems of the modern world. 43. Research methods aim at finding solutions to research problems. 44. The scope of research methodology is wider than that of research methods. 45. This subject lies beyond the scope of our investigation. 46. The course will introduce you to the various research methods used by psychology to investigate behaviour. 47. He was interested in learning about the sociological methods of investigation. 49. Here is a plan of how students intend to carry out their research investigation. 49. There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class. 50. This paper will mostly dwell on the methods for measuring equality of outcomes. 51. The author treats this issue in the next chapter. She always tried to
treat her students as/like adults. 52. This car has been specially treated against rust. 53. It is a complicated issue that requires careful treatment. 54. The book’s treatment of this important issue is unimpressive. 55. Previous treatments of this topic have ignored some key issues. 56. The researcher should determine the size of the test sample. 57. It is vitally important to be able to critically analyze a research report to determine if the methods and results are valid.
9. Match the pairs of antonyms from A and В and translate them.
| A | В |
| 1. different | a. cause |
| 2. same | b. confirm |
| 3. disconnection | c. observe |
| 4. consequence | d. assume |
| 5. know | e. reveal |
| 6. disprove | f. equal |
| 7. conceal | g. various |
| 8. disregard | h. relation |
| 10. Match the noun(s) on the left with a suitable item on the right. Use each item once only. | |
| 1. The investigation | a. was received yesterday. |
| 2. The scope | b. has improved a lot. |
| 3. The solution | c. were applied in my thesis. |
| 4. The confirmation | d. will be published in my paper. |
| 5. The measurements | e. was broadened. |
| 6. The research methods | f. was that he was right. |
| 7. The observations | g. were taken by us. |
| 8. The findings | h. was carried on last month. |
| 9. The assumption | i. were made about my work. |
| 10. The quality | j. was difficult to find. |
11. Replace the underlined words with the words below.
a) determine b) treat c) investigate d) solve e) rely
f) overlap g) employ h) pursue i) cause j) vary
1. Research requires the collection and interpretation of data in an attempt to resolve the problem that initiated the research. 2. Some research has suggested that questionnaires are likely to lead to cultural conflicts. 3. This essay will look at three different research methods to ascertain the advantages of using them within psychology. 4. These deposits overlie some cave paintings and engravings. 5. In a non-experimental research design, the researcher does not control or alter any of the independent variables. 6. They will be prepared to carry on their studies in any field related to the English language.
7. Corporations depend on highly trained doctoral students. 8. Historical research allows one to discuss past and present events in the context of the present condition. 9. You need to use different research methods in your study. 10. Researchers use a number of different methods to study the most important problems of social psychology.