Read and translate the following sentences into Russian to have a better idea of how the words from the Active Vocabulary List can be used in context.

1. The essay is brief but thorough enough. In brief, the meeting was a disaster. 2. It is a normal part of the learning process. 3. It will take a week for your application to be processed. 4. The Internet allows us to disseminate information faster. 5. The findings were widely disseminated. 6. Can you give a more precise definition of the word? 7. She is very precise in her work. 8. My main research interest is discrete mathematics — more precisely, graph theory and theoretical computer science. 9. The figures they have used are just not accurate. 10. The plans should be drawn as accurately as possible, showing all the measurements. 11. Recent advances in medical science mean that this illness can now be cured. 12. We have advanced greatly in our knowledge of the universe. 13. This is the most advanced type of engine available. 14. There are good opportunities for advancement if you have the right skills. 15. The number 57306 contains five digits. 16. The processing of data is a major present use of digital computers in hydrology research. 17. The study was led by the Research Centre. 18. Has she got the qualities necessary to leadl 19. This will lead to trouble in the future. 20. Computers contribute to global research projects. 21. Always select the right tool for the job. 22. How are computers used as a tool in research? 23. External storage devices such as hard drives, USB flash drives, and CDs can be an attractive option for storing your data due to their low cost and portability. 24. However, they are not recommended for the long term storage of your data, particularly, your master copies. 25. The data is validated automatically by the computer after it has been entered. 26. These experiments are designed to validate the hypothesis. 27. You should enable the reader to validate your conclusion. 28. This research seems to give some validity to the theory that the drug might cause cancer. 29. Experiments are useful in disproving hypotheses. 30. Solving these problems is very time-consuming. 31. This is a complete online workbook that introduces the use of computer simulation in applied social research designs. 32. This plan is subject to discussion. 33. A beam is a structural element that is subjected to forces acting perpendicular to it. 34. She is not doing her share of the work. 35. Computers used in scientific research enable researchers across the country to share data. 36. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services. 37. She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming instructor. 38. The essay provides an insight to some of the most common uses of computer in civil engineering. 39. The use of computers and the Internet marked a significant increase in this country last year. 40. Laptop computer usage has increased significantly. 41. I haven’t noticed much decrease in interest. 42. The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year. 43. This section illustrates the process of solving equations of various forms. 44. They have devised a new method for converting sunlight into electricity.

9. Match the words with the definitions below.

a) equation b) insight c) range d) advance e) digit f) tool

g) storage h) simulation i) validity j) share

1. the amount of something between an upper and a lower limit

2. the imitative representation of the functioning of a process

3. any of the numbers from 0 to 9

4. the keeping of things in a special place for use in the future

5. a clear and deep understanding of a complicated problem

6. the state of being logical and true

7. forward movement

8. a portion contributed by an individual or group

9. a statement that two quantities are equal

10. something that helps you to do a particular activity

10. Match the following English words with the Russian equivalents.

k. опровергать

l. трудоемкий

m. уменьшать

n. точный, тщательный

о. делить, распределять

11. Read and translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the meaning of the words and word combinations given below.

I. a) brief n adj v — краткое изложение, резюме; краткий; крат­ко излагать, резюмировать

b) in brief — вкратце, в немногих словах

c) briefly adv — кратко, сжато

d) briefing п — инструкция, указания

I. Before the meeting, let me give you a quick briefing. 2. Sev­eral important issues are only briefly mentioned. 3. When you apply for a PhD degree, you will need to send us a brief research proposal (two to five pages) that sets out clearly the research problem you wish to investigate. 4. In brief, the meeting was a disaster. 5. It was my brief to make sure that the facts were set down accurately.

II. a) advance n adj v — продвижение, движение вперед; про­гресс; сделанный, выданный, выплаченный заранее; продви­гаться, идти вперед; делать успехи; развиваться b) advance payment — авансовый платеж с) advancement п — успех, прогресс; продвижение d) in advance — заранее, заблаговременно е) advanced adj — передовой, прогрессивный

f) advanced degree — учен, степень (выше степени бакалав­ра)

1. Within the academic realm, doctoral research plays a vital role in the advancement of knowledge. 2. The announcement for the ap­plication deadline will be circulated at least two months in advance. 3. This programme offers postgraduate education and advanced re­search training. 4. They sent us an advance copy of his new book. 5. Graduates with advanced degrees in history have worked in gov­ernment, journalism, and business. 6. The purpose of the grant is to help researchers to advance their doctoral research work through a residency period of five to ten months in a host institution in a coun­try other than their home country. 7. There is the possibility of get­ting an advance payment. 8. We live in an age of rapid technological advance.

Ill.a) subject n — тема, предмет, дисциплина

b) subject (to) adj — подверженный, склонный; подлежащий (чему-л.), обусловленный (чем-л.)

c) be subjected (to) — подвергаться

d) subject to prep — при условии, с соблюдением, допуская е) subject matter — тема, содержание (книги, лекции); пред­мет дискуссии, изучения)

1. Application to a doctoral programme is subject to specific conditions, the most important of which are the acceptance of the thesis proposal by the Faculty and a professor willing to be the supervisor. 2. Subject to the availability of staff for supervision, PhD study may be undertaken in any of the research areas. 3. The inquiry found that they had been subjected to unfair treatment. 4. This module is aimed at candidates who have already started with a PhD, and it covers subjects such as: the Research Proposal, Proposal Writing, Quantitative and Qualitative Research, and Academic Writing. 5. The supervisor usually plays a decisive role in the initial choice of the subject matter for the doctoral thesis. 6. The style and format of research papers vary from subject to subject.