ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА
Тема: Описание особенностей экономики Великобритании. Present Continuous
Краткие теоретические сведения
В утвердительной форме Present Continuous образуется с помощью глагола to be и глагола с окончанием –ing (причастия настоящего времени), при этом изменяется только глагол to be.
| Единственное число | Множественное число | |
| 1 лицо | I am talking | We are talking |
| 2 лицо | You are talking | You are talking |
| 3 лицо | He/She/It is talking | They are talking |
2. Отрицательная форма:
| Единственное число | Множественное число | |
| 1 лицо | I am not talking | We are not talking |
| 2 лицо | You are not talking | You are not talking |
| 3 лицо | He/She/It is not talking | They are not talking |
Возможны сокращения: I’m not, you’re not (you aren’t), he\she\it’s not (he\she\it isn’t), we’re not (we aren’t), they’re not (they aren’t).
2. Вопросительная форма
| Единственное число | Множественное число | |
| 1 лицо | Am I talking? | Are we talking? |
| 2 лицо | Are you talking? | Are you talking? |
| 3 лицо | Is he/she/it talking? | Are they talking? |
Present Continuous употребляется в следующих случаях.
· Длительное действие происходит сейчас, то есть в момент речи.
I am going to a swimming pool. – Я иду в бассейн (иду сейчас).
· Длительное действие происходит в настоящий период времени.
I am reading the book “War and Peace”. – Я читаю книгу “Война и мир” (не в данный момент, книга в процессе прочтения).
· Для выражения действия, которое произойдет в ближайшем будущем.
То есть чтобы выразить намерение совершить это действие или уверенность в том, что оно наверняка произойдет.
You are going with me – Ты идешь со мной (имеется ввиду: ты пойдешь со мной).
· Повторяющееся действие с негативным оттенком.
He is constantly talking. I hate it. – Он постоянно болтает. Ненавижу это.
Некоторые глаголы, выражающие восприятие, чувства, эмоциональное состояние, не употребляются (как правило) во временах Continuous, потому что не могут выражать длительное действие. К ним относятся глаголы:
· see – видеть, hear – слышать, feel – чувствовать, know – знать, understand – понимать, want – хотеть, like – нравиться, love – любить, hate – ненавидеть, wish – желать.
Содержание работы
1) Изучение лексики по теме
2) Чтение и перевод текста
3) Ответы на вопросы по тексту
4) Выполнение грамматических упражнений
1.Изучение лексики по теме
Price-цена
Tax-налог
Cost-стоимость
Product-продукт (товар)
Organization-организация
Economy-экономика
Bank-банк
Agency-агентство
Store-магазин (склад)
Fund-фонд
Stock-акция
Loss-ущерб
Trade-торговля
Deal-сделка
Bill-счет (напр. в ресторане)
Benefit-выгода
Firm-фирма
Management-управление (руководящий состав)
Charge-плата (цена)
Property-собственность
Base-база, основание
Owner-владелец
Investment-инвестиции
Consumer-потребитель
Budget-бюджет
Agreement-соглашение
Capital-капитал
Account-счет (в банке)
Credit-кредит
Income-доход
Insurance-страхование
Sales-продажи
2.Чтение и перевод текста
The British economy is based on the Anglo-Saxon model, focusing on the principles of liberalisation, the free market, and low taxation and regulation. The United Kingdom has the 5th largest economy in the world (2nd in Europe after Germany). The UK, a leading trading power and financial centre, is one of the quintet of trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. Over the past two decades the government has greatly reduced public ownership (since the 1980s, and particularly under the Government of Margaret Thatcher, many state enterprises that were nationalised in the 1940s have been privatised) and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with 1% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production accounts for 10% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance. Inflation, interest rates, and unemployment remain low. However, regarding poverty rates and income inequality it is one of the weakest.
Energy:
About 75% of UK electricity is currently generated from fossil fuels (thanks to coal and North Sea oil). Nuclear power and an increasing contribution from dams (hydro-electric power) and wind turbines make up the bulk of the remainder. The UK is the world's 8th greatest producer of carbon emissions. The Government is committed to meeting ambitious targets to reduce UK emissions of greenhouse gases (Kyoto Protocol). Due to the island location, the country has great potential for generating electricity from offshore windfarms, wave power and tidal power. Latest studies suggest that onshore windfarms should be able to supply nearly 5% of the national electricity requirements by 2010.
Industry:
Agriculture and fishing: Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanised, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labour force. Around two thirds of production is devoted to livestock, one third to arable crops. Agriculture is heavily subsidised by the European Union. The UK is one of the world's leading fishing nations.
Manufacturing: This sector has been continuously declining in the importance since the 1960s, although the sector is still important for overseas trade, accounting for more than 80% of exports. Engineering and allied industries comprise the largest sector in manufacturing. Within this sector, transport equipment is the largest contributor, with 8 global car manufacturers being present in the UK – BMW, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Nissan, PSA, Toyota and Volkswagen.
Services: The service sector is the dominant sector of the UK economy, normally a sign of an advanced economy.
Retailing: The UK has a mixture of large shopping facilities (e.g. Tesco) with both large 'out of town' stores and in town shopping centres in existence, while local shops and 'convenience stores' continue to play an important role in retailing.
Financial services: London is the world's largest financial centre having 500 banks with offices in the City and Docklands (both are district of London), with the majority of business being conducted on an international basis. Edinburgh also has a long established financial industry. It is the fifth largest financial centre in Europe.
Tourism is the 6th largest industry in the UK.
Creative Industries: including advertising, film and television production, product design, book and music publishing and the fine art and antiques markets have seen some of the largest growth in the UK economy in the last two decades. The sector has grown 6% per annum since 1997 against 3% for the whole UK economy.
3.Ответить вопросы по тексту
1. Can you describe the US economy?
2. What are the main manufacturing UK enterprises do you know?
4.Выполнение грамматических упражнений
Упражнение 1. Составьте предложения во времени Present progressive
1. football / play / he
2. Irina / trousers / wear
3. rain / it
4. cook / we / breakfast
5. I / drink / coffee
6. The sun / shine
7. wash / I / my hair
8. wait / for a bus / he
9. cry / Anna
10. Marina / have / a shower
Упражнение 2. Образуйте специальный вопрос к предложению
1. My friends are doing housework (what)
2. He is going to a shop (where)
3. She is cooking a cake (what)
4. She is waiting for a bus (what)
5. Anna is wearing trousers (what)
6. Masha is walking in a park (where)
7. You are waiting for her (who)
8. They are eating bananas (what)
9. Mark is driving a car (what)
10. You are watching TV (what)
Упражнение 3. Вставьте глаголы из списка в предложения в форме Present continuous
play, wear, use, get up, have, dance, read, watch, go, wait
1. They ___ dinner
2. They ___ early
3. Anna ___ the piano
4. He ___ TV
5. She ___ for a bus
6. Larisa ___ not ___ books
7. She ___ laptop
8. I ___ to the gym
9. She ___ on a scene
10. ___ you ___ a watch?