SYSTEM OF THE BODY
1.Прочитайте и запомните следующие слова:
| skeletal | [′skelitl] | скелетный |
| muscular | [′mʌskjulǝ] | мышечный |
| digestive | [dai′ʤestiv] | пищеварительный |
| respiratory | [ri′spirǝtri] | дыхательный |
| urinary | [′juǝrinri] | мочевой |
| endocrine | [′endoukrain] | эндокринный |
| reproductive | [⸝ri:prǝ′dʌktiv] | репродуктивный, половой |
| bone | [boun] | кость |
| ligament | [′liɡǝmǝnt] | связка |
| cartilage | [′kɑ:tiliʤ] | хрящ |
| join | [ʤɔin] | соединять |
| structural | [′strʌktʃǝrǝl] | структурный |
| spinal | [′spainǝl] | спинной, позвоночный |
| cord | [kɔ:d] | столб |
| vessel | [′vesl] | сосуд |
| pump | [pʌmp] | насос |
| stream | [stri:m] | ток, поток |
| alimentary | [⸝æli′mentǝri] | пищеварительный |
| gland | [ɡlænd] | железа |
| convey | [kǝn′vei] | передавать, переносить |
| carbon dioxide | [dai′ɔksid] | двуокись углерода / углекислый газ |
| kidney | [′kidni] | почка |
| urine | [′juǝrin] | моча |
| ureter | [juǝ′ri:tǝ] | уретра |
| urinary bladder | [′blædǝ] | мочевой пузырь |
| be stored | [stɔ:d] | сохраняться, храниться, скапливаться |
| discharge | [dis′tʃɑ:ʤ] | удалять, выводить из организма |
| hormone | [′hɔ:moun] | гормон |
2.Прочитайте и переведите с английского язык на русский текст:
SYSTEMS OF THE BODY
There are several main systems of the body: the skeletal, the muscular, the nervous, the digestive, the respiratory, the urinary, the endocrine and the reproductive system.
The skeletal system consists of the bones of the body and ligaments and cartilages which join them. The chief function of the skeletal system is structural.
The muscular system consists of the skeletal muscles and their associated structures. The main function of this system is to move us about.1
The nervous system consists of the brain and spiral cord, nerves, ganglia and receptors. It is complex information system with all the necessary means for receiving, processing and communicating information.2
The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood which is pumped through the blood vessels by the heart. Its function is function is mainly that of transportation system: the nutrients, oxygen, special substances which are required by cells3 are carried by the blood stream; and the cellular wastes and sometimes other materials produced by cells are carried away by the blood stream.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, the air passages leading to them and associated structures. Its main function is to convey oxygen to the lungs, where it can enter the blood stream and to remove carbon dioxide, which escapes from the blood into lung spaces.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys which produce urine by removing nitrogenous and other wastes4 from the blood: the two ureters, which convey the urine away from kidneys; the urinary bladder, where the urine is stored5 until it discharged; and the urethra through which the urine is discharged.
The endocrine system consists of a number of glands throughout the body which produce regulatory substances called hormones.
The endocrine system serves to regulate a large number of activities.
NOTES:
1to move us about – осуществлять наше движение
2for receiving, processing and communicating information – для получения, обработки и передачи
3which are required by cells – которые необходимы клеткам
4by removing nitrogenous and other wastes – путем выведения азотосодержащих и других продуктов отхода
5where urine is stored – где накапливается моча
3.Упражнения:
1). Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:
| Несколько основных систем | |
| Которые их соединяют | |
| Основная функция | |
| Со всеми необходимыми средствами | |
| Переносится кровотоком | |
| Ведущих к ним воздухоносных путей | |
| Где он поступает в кровоток | |
| Выводить мочу из почек | |
| До тех пор, пока она не выведена | |
| Вырабатывают вещества |
2). Процитируйте из текста предложения, в которых встречаются следующие слова и словосочетания:
| Main systems of the body | |
| The skeletal system | |
| To move about | |
| A complex information system | |
| To be pumped through the blood vessels | |
| Transportation system | |
| A number of associated glands | |
| To convey oxygen | |
| Until it is discharged | |
| A large number of activities |
3). Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
| - What are the functions of the skeletal and muscular systems? | |
| - What is carried by the blood system? | |
| - What is the chief function of the blood? | |
| - What does the nervous system consist of? | |
| - What is the main function of the respiratory system? | |
| - What does the urinary system consist of? | |
| - How do the kidneys produce urine? | |
| - How is the urine discharged from the body? |
4). Составьте предложения из следующих слов и переведите их:
| the, system, begins, digestive, mouth, the, with | |
| function, to remove, major, the, of, urinary, the, system, urine, is | |
| is, the, system, of, complex, one, the, nervous, most, systems, all, of, body, human | |
| lymph, are, blood, and, the, tissue, body, of, liquid, the | |
| includes, muscles, the, and, musculoskeletal, the, system, bones, joints |
5). Вставьте пропущенные слова в предложения и переведите их на русский язык:
| Another important function of the kidney is to main the… balance of water, salt and acid in the body fluids. | main proper functions mechanical bones glands |
| The brain is the … centre for regulating and coordinating body activities. | |
| Respiration is the … process of breathing. | |
| The blood and lymphatic system have many…. | |
| Joints are the places where … come together. | |
| The endocrine system is composed of … located in different regions of the body. |
6). Вставьте в пропуски предложений необходимые артикли:
| … main system of … body have groups of organs working together to perform complex functions. |
| … mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines are organs which compose … digestive. |
| There are some organs within …each system. |
| … circulatory system is also called … cardiovascular system. |
| The main function of … respiratory system is to convey … oxygen and to remove … carbon. |
7). Подберите пары слов из колонок А) и Б):
| А | Б |
| disease, to treat, kind, general, sphere, outlook | local, field, to cure, type, illness, point of view |
Составьте 10 вопросов к тексту и ответьте на них.
9). Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский:
| Организм человека насчитывает несколько систем. Это группы органов, совместно функционирующие для выполнения сложных функций организма человека. | |
| Пищеварительная система начинается в полости рта. | |
| Нервная система – это самая сложная информационная система. | |
| Главная функция мышечной системы – это осуществление движения. | |
| Суставы – это места соединения костей. | |
| Эндокринная система состоит из желез, расположенных в различных частях организма. | |
| Скелетная система состоит из костей, а также связок и хрящей, соединяющих их. | |
| Сердечнососудистая система выполняет транспортную функцию в организме. |
10). Заполните таблицу:
| ORGANS | SYSTEM |
| Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas | … |
| Kidney, ureters, urinary, bladder, urethra | … |
| Nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs | … |
| Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina | … |
| Male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland | … |
| Thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, thymus gland | … |
| Brain, spinal cord, nerves | … |
| Heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels | … |
| Muscles | … |
| Bones and joins | … |