1. Выполнить контрольные работы № 1,2.
Учебник «Английский язык», авторы: А.С.Восковская, Т.А.Карпова, высшее образование, Ростов – на – Дону «Феникс», 2007, 2008 год (выполнить контрольные работы и выслать их на проверку до июня).
Unit 13, Unit 14, Unit 15, Unit 16. – Стр.139 -191. (проработать весь учебный материал: выучить слова, перевести тексты, выполнить упражнения, выучить грамматические правила).
2. Изучить грамматический материал и подготовиться к тесту.
1. Сложное дополнение – стр.297-298
2. Сложное подлежащее – стр.298
3. Независимый причастный оборот – стр.299
4. Наклонение – стр.301-304
3. Выучить слова из упр. 1 - Unit 13, Unit 14, Unit 15, Unit 16 выполнить письменно упражнения, изучить материал и ответить преподавателю на консультациях по графику:
1 консультация - Unit 13 стр.139-157
2 консультация - Unit 14 стр. 157-173
3 консультация - Unit 15 стр.173-191
4 консультация – Unit 16 стр. 191-206
5. Прочитать и письменно перевести тексты по специальности (4 текста)
1.Body Language
Body language (языктела (невербальныесредствакоммуникации, включающиежесты, позыидр. невербальныезнаки)) is a broad term for forms of communication using body movements or gestures instead of, or in addition to, sounds, verbal language, or other forms of communication. It forms part of the category of paralanguage, which describes all forms of human communication that are not verbal language.
Paralanguage (параязык (передача информации за счет определенной манеры говорить (напр., при помощи темпа речи, тембра и громкости голоса, тона, его модуляции и др., а также за счет таких невербальных средств, как жесты, мимика и т. п.))), includingbodylanguage, hasbeenextensivelystudiedinsocialpsychology. In everyday speech and popular psychology, the term is most often applied to body language that is considered involuntary, even though the distinction between voluntary and involuntary body language is often controversial. For example, a smile may be produced either consciously or unconsciously.
Voluntary body language refers to movement, gestures and poses intentionally made by a person (i.e., conscious smiling, hand movements and imitation). It can apply to many types of soundless communication. Generally, movement made with full or partial intention and an understanding of what it communicates can be considered voluntary.
Involuntary body language quite often takes the form of facial expression, and has therefore been suggested as a means to identify the emotions of a person with whom one is communicating.
The relation of body language to animal communication has often been discussed. Human paralanguage may represent a continuation of forms of communication that our non-linguistic ancestors already used, or it may be that it has been changed by co-existing with language. Body language is a product of both genetic and environmental influences. Blind children will smile and laugh even though they have never seen a smile. Iraneus Eibl-Eibesfeldt claimed that a number of basic elements of body language were universal across cultures and must therefore be fixed action patterns under instinctive control.
Some forms of human body language show continuities with communicative gestures of other apes, though often with changes in meaning. More refined gestures, which vary between cultures (for example the gestures to indicate «yes» and «no»), must be learned or modified through learning, usually by unconscious observation of the environment.
Body language is important in one-on-one communications, and may be even more important in group communications. In group situations, often only one person at a time is speaking, while non-verbal communication is coming from each individual in the group. The larger the group, the more impact body language may have.
2.Dealing with Culture Shock
You have stepped off the plane into a new cultural world. Initially you may experience a sense of overwhelming fascination and awe. Everything around you is new: a different language, different dress, or a confusing transit system. Slowly you begin to adapt. You begin to notice certain cultural nuances. This process takes time.
Culture is "an integrated system of learned behavior patterns (образцыповедения) that are characteristic of the members of any given society. Culture refers to the total way of life of particular groups of people. It includes everything that a group of people thinks, says, does and makes - its systems of attitudes and feelings. Culture is learned and transmitted from generation to generation."
You may have heard these words - Culture Shock (культурныйшок (психологическаятравмаврезультатестолкновенияскультурой, резкоотличнойотсобственной)) - already and possibly within a negative context. Conflict in our lives, however, does not have to be negative. It can be used as a source of motivation, introspection, and change.
Culture shock is defined as a psychological disorientation that most people experience when living in a culture markedly different from one’s own. Culture shock occurs when our "...cultural clues, the signs and symbols which guide social interaction, are stripped away....A difficult part of this process for adults is the experience of feeling like children again, of not knowing instinctively the ‘right’ thing to do."
Symptoms of culture shock include: homesickness (тоскаподому, ностальгия), boredom, withdrawal, excessive sleep, compulsive eating/drinking, irritability, stereotyping host nationals, hostility towards host nationals.
Everyone experiences culture shock in different ways, at different times and to different degrees. Usually the cultural adjustment process follows a certain pattern. At first, you will be excited about going to starting a new adventure. When you first arrive, everything will appear new and exciting. However, after some time, you may start to feel homesick and question why the Swiss (or Italians or French) do things differently than we do. You may even become irritated with these differences. However, you will eventually get used to this new way of life. And before you know it, you will be getting excited about the return home to your family and friends.
People from different cultures have different values (ценности). You may find your own values questioned, just as you are questioning those of the Swiss (or Italians, Germans, French, Hungarians, etc.). For example, a visitor from India to the US observed: "Americans seem to be in a perpetual hurry. Just watch the way they walk down the street. They never allow themselves the leisure to enjoy life; there are too many things to do."
Sometimes our values and beliefs will conflict and sometimes they will converge with the cultures we visit. The better you are able to adjust to the differences, the greater the ability you will have in empathizing and communicating with those with whom you come in contact. The result will be a better understanding of your own values and the values of the people you will encounter (встречать).
Color Psychology
By David Johnson
Why are people more relaxed in green rooms? Why do weightlifters do their best in blue gyms?
Colors often have different meanings in various cultures. And even in Western societies, the meanings of various colors have changed over the years. But today in the U.S., researchers have generally found the following to be accurate.
Black Black is the color of authority and power. It is popular in fashion because it makes people appear thinner. It is also stylish and timeless. Black also implies submission. Priests wear black to signify submission to God. Some fashion experts say a woman wearing black implies submission to men. Black outfits can also be overpowering, or make the wearer seem aloof [надменный] or evil. Villains, such as Dracula, often wear black.
White Brides wear white to symbolize innocence and purity. White reflects light and is considered a summer color. White is popular in decorating and in fashion because it is light, neutral, and goes with everything. However, white shows dirt and is therefore more difficult to keep clean than other colors. Doctors and nurses wear white to imply sterility.
Red The most emotionally intense color, red stimulates a faster heartbeat and breathing. It is also the color of love. Red clothing gets noticed and makes the wearer appear heavier. Since it is an extreme color, red clothing might not help people in negotiations or confrontations. Red cars are popular targets for thieves. In decorating, red is usually used as an accent. Decorators say that red furniture should be perfect since it will attract attention.
The most romantic color, pink, is more tranquilizing. Sports teams sometimes paint the locker rooms used by opposing teams bright pink so their opponents will lose energy.
Blue The color of the sky and the ocean, blue is one of the most popular colors. It causes the opposite reaction as red. Peaceful, tranquil blue causes the body to produce calming chemicals, so it is often used in bedrooms. Blue can also be cold and depressing. Fashion consultants recommend wearing blue to job interviews because it symbolizes loyalty. People are more productive in blue rooms. Studies show weightlifters are able to handle heavier weights in blue gyms.
Green Currently the most popular decorating color, green symbolizes nature. It is the easiest color on the eye and can improve vision. It is a calming, refreshing color. People waiting to appear on TV sit in "green rooms" to relax. Hospitals often use green because it relaxes patients. Brides in the Middle Ages wore green to symbolize fertility. Dark green is masculine, conservative, and implies wealth. However, seamstress es [швея] often refuse to use green thread on the eve of a fashion show for fear it will bring bad luck.
Yellow Cheerful sunny yellow is an attention getter. While it is considered an optimistic color, people lose their tempers more often in yellow rooms, and babies will cry more. It is the most difficult color for the eye to take in, so it can be overpowering if overused. Yellow enhances concentration, hence its use for legal pad s [блокнотразмером 8,5 на 14 дюймовсотрывнымистраницамиизжёлтойлинованнойбумаги, безобложки, популяренвСША.]. It also speeds metabolism.
Purple The color of royalty, purple connotes luxury, wealth, and sophistication. It is also feminine and romantic. However, because it is rare in nature, purple can appear artificial.
Brown Solid, reliable brown is the color of earth and is abundant in nature. Light brown implies genuineness while dark brown is similar to wood or leather. Brown can also be sad and wistful [тоскующий]. Men are more apt to say brown is one of their favorite colors.
Food for Thought
While blue is one of the most popular colors it is one of the least appetizing. Blue food is rare in nature. Food researchers say that when humans searched for food, they learned to avoid toxic or spoiled objects, which were often blue, black, or purple. When food dyed blue is served to study subjects, they lose appetite.
Green, brown, and red are the most popular food colors. Red is often used in restaurant decorating schemes because it is an appetite stimulant.
4. Character Comes by Learning
Who am I? I have a name, and that’s how people know me. But how am I known? Am I funny, serious, friendly, or angry? Do I have lots of friends…or none at all?
Our personality traits [(character) trait — черта (характера)] make up our character. And our character was shaped by those influences that had close contact with our life. For some that may be mother and father, for others, they may not even know their parents. School, friends, music, and media also have great influence on how we choose to live our life.
A good character comes from good influences, and bad ones are just the opposite. While none of us could ever choose where and what living circumstances we were born into, we must all, at some point, take responsibility for who we are. Putting the past aside, forgetting about blame, now we must choose what course and influences will direct our life.
A very wise man once said: “Do not be misled; bad company corrupts good character” (Paul the Apostle). Who do you keep company with? Who do you spend lots of time with? Is it your friends…music…TV? Stop now for a moment and ask yourself this question: what messages are you getting from these sources about life?
Think carefully about what kind of person you want to be in 5 years…in 10 years? What do you need to do now to start being that kind of person? Think about these things!