Задание по Иностранному языку для группы С23 на 18.05.2020 г. (2 урока)
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Тема 1. Наркотики. СПИД.
Задание. Прочитайте ипереведите текст на русский язык
AIDS
AIDS is an acronym for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and is thought to be caused primarily by a virus that invades white blood cells (lymphocytes) and certain other body cells including the brain.
Although treatments for both AIDS and HIV exist to slow the virus' progression in a human patient, there is no known cure. The rate of clinical disease progression varies widely between individuals and has been shown to be affected by many factors such as host susceptibility.
AIDS is thought to have originated in sub-Saharan Africa during the twentieth century and is now a global epidemic.
In 1983 and 1984, French and U.S. researchers independently identified the virus believed to cause AIDS as an unusual type of slow-acting retrovirus now called «human immunodeficiency virus » or HIV. Like other viruses, HIV is basically a tiny package of genes. But being a retrovirus, it has the rare capacity to copy and insert its genes right into a human DNA.
Once inside a human host cell, the retrovirus using its own capacities begins to copy its genetic code into a DNA molecule which is then incorporated into the host'sDNA. The virus becomes an integral part of the person's body. But the viral DNA may sit hidden and inactive within human cells for years, until some trigger stimulates it to replicate.
Thus HIV may not produce illness until its genes are «turned on» five, ten, fifteen or perhaps more years after the initial infection.
During the latent period, HIV carriers who harbour the virus without any sign of illness can unknowingly infect others. On average, the dormant virus seems to be triggered into action three to six years after first invading human cells. When switched on, viral replication may speed along, producing new viruses that destroy fresh lymphocytes. As viral replication spreads, the lymphocyte destruction virtually sabotages the entire immune system.
In essence, HIV viruses do not kill people, they merely render the immune system defenceless against other infections, e.g. yeast invasions, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, massive herpes infections, special forms of pneumonia that kill in half of all AIDS patients.
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That is AIDS. There are several types of AIDS. No one has been cured up to the present moment
Тема 2. Европейские женщины вчера и сегодня.
Задание. Прочитайте ипереведите текст на русский язык. Задайте 6 вопросов разных типов к тексту
European Women Yesterday and Today
In the 17th century rich women normally were taught at home by a tutor, they were taught subjects like Latin, French, Needlework and they were also taught how to look pretty and to play the piano and other instruments.
When they became older their parents decided who they were going to marry and the family of the woman should pay a dowry to the parents of the husband. A rich woman wouldn't normally get a job, they could just stay at home and look after the family and tell the servants what to do.
Poor women did not go to school or did not have an education; they just looked after their home, children and prepared meals or worked in fields. They didn't get paid much and had to work hard.
In the 19th century rich women were educated at home and learned pretty much the same as in the 17th century. They were learned to play the piano, speak French, entertain guests and look attractive. After 1870 it was made compulsory for all women to have an education. Girls didn't learn the same subjects as boys. Girls learnt subjects like laundry, cookery, needlework and housewifery skills.
Rich women did not work, but ran their home with the help of their servants, after 1870 some women became teachers and others could work as secretaries or clerks. So, women could work but there was a condition. At that time any woman had to retire when she got married.
Servants of rich women did all her domestic tasks at home. So all they needed to do at home was to look good and attractive and boss servants around.
Poor women had to work as well as bringing up her children, they had to work in coal mines and factories for long hours earning little money. Until 1870 young children from poor families had to work too.
In the 20th century, when the 1st World War started, women could leave their underpaid jobs and could get jobs at a factory because all men had gone off to fight for the war, so women worked in factories, making armours for the war.
When the war was over, women had to go back to their old jobs and they didn't earn as much money as they were used to earn. Later a typewriter was invented and jobs as secretaries became available for women. Some women became teachers. Women were now aloud to vote and the first female presidents came. Some women were involved in politics.
Women started to wear different clothes, they do not wear corsets any more, they wear shorter dresses, even trousers.
To my thinking, the role of women has changed quite a lot. I think all changes that happened in the 20th century were good, because women became to be treated more equally and even more due to the processes of emancipation.