HUMOUR
| Humour(British English) Humor (American English) | 1)The quality in sth that makes it funny or amusing A story full of gentle humour The humour of the situation 2)The ability to laugh at things that are amusing | |
| sense of humour | I can`t stand people with no sense of humour | |
| brand of humour | She has her very own brand of humour | |
| Wit | Остроумие, остряк - is brainpower or mental ability, - the person who possesses such ability, especially when it's used humorously. - a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter | |
| Wit # Humour Wit involves a very quick and clever mental sharpness; being able to see a situation in a unique way and instinctively being able to respond with a relevant comment or comeback. Sometimes wit can be funny, other times, just clever. Humour, in contrast, always involves amusement outwardly manifested by a smile, chuckle or laughter. Witis the keen perception and cleverly apt expressionof those connections between ideas that awaken amusement and pleasure | ||
| Witty = wittiness | остроумный | |
Related words
| Humorous, adj | - Funny and entertaining She had humorous grey eyes She had not intended to be humorous - Showing a sense of humour Humorous story |
| Humorously, adv | The poem humorously describes local traditions |
| Humourless | lack of ability to laugh at things that other people think are amusing a humourless person |
Reaction for humour
| mirth | веселье; радость; |
| cause screams of mirth | вызватьвзрывнеудержимоговеселья |
| free-hearted mirth | непринуждённоевеселье |
| darkenmirth | омрачить чьё-л. веселье |
| provokemirth | возбуждать веселье |
| joy | Веселье, радость |
| amusement | удовольствие, веселье |
Different ways of laughing
| Cackle | Хихикать.To laugh in a loud,unpleasant way, especially in a high voice |
| Titter | Хихикать. To laugh quietly. Especially in a nervous or embarrassed way |
| Giggle | Хихикать To laugh in a silly way because you are amused embarrassed or nervous |
| Grin | Усмешкаthe teeth are usually visible, is like an exaggerated smile, less controlled in expressing the feelings a friendly grin |
| Smile, n, v | Улыбкаis a (usually pleasant) lighting up of the face and an upward curving of the corners of the lips (which may or may not be open); it may express amusement or mere recognition, friendliness, etc. a friendly smile |
| Unsmilingly | Не улыбаясь |
| Withsmilingeyes | Улыбаться одними глазами |
| Smilefarewell | Прощальная улыбка |
| Smile through one`s tears | Улыбка сквозь слезы |
| Farewell smile | Прощальная улыбка |
| cunning smile | Хитрая улыбка |
| Scarcely perceptible smile Ghost of smile | Едва заметная улыбка неуловимая улыбка |
| Smiling | Улыбчивый |
| Cackle | Хихикать.To laugh in a loud,unpleasant way, especially in a high voice |
| Titter | Хихикать. To laugh quietly. Especially in a nervous or embarrassed way |
| Giggle | Хихикать To laugh in a silly way because you are amused embarrassed or nervous |
| Chuckle, | посмеиваться; радоваться (чему-либо) To laugh quietly, softly or amusedly, usually with satisfaction.Especially at thinking about sth funny. Suggests a barely audible series of sounds expressing private amusement or satisfaction. |
| he was chuckling to himself | онпосмеивалсяпросебя |
| chuckle softly | посмеиваться |
| dry chuckle | сухойсмешок |
| heartychuckle | смех от всего сердца |
| Laugh, n, v; Laughter | Смех, хохотmay be a sudden, voiceless exhalation, but is usually an audible sound, either soft or loud. |
| A Barrel of laughs | very amusing (often ironic) |
| Have the Last laugh | to be successful when you were not expected to be |
| To rise a laugh | Вызвать смех |
| To turn the laugh against sb | Поставить кого-либо в смешное положение |
| Laughdown | Засмеять, заглушить смехом |
| Laugh off | отшутиться |
| Laugh over | Шутливо обсуждать то-либо |
| Laugh out of court | высмеять |
| catching laughter | заразительныйсмех |
| resist laughter | сдерживатьсмех |
| canned laughter | смехзакадром |
| unquenchable laughter | гомерическийхохот |
| derisive laughter | ироническийсмех |
| demoniac laughter | дьявольскийхохот |
| uncontrollable laughter | безудержныйсмех |
| a chorus of loud laughter | дружныйвзрывсмеха |
| collapse with laughter | корчитьсяотсмеха |
| hysterical laughter | истерическийсмех |
| involuntary laughter | непроизвольныйсмех |
| irrepressible laughter | неудержимыйсмех |
| mirthless laughter | безрадостныйсмех |
| convulsive laughter | судорожныйсмех |
| die with laughter | умиратьсосмеху |
| airy laughter | беззаботныйсмех |
| contain laughter | подавитьсмех |
| Snigger = snicker | Тихоржать. To laugh in a quiet unpleasant way. Especially at sth rude, at someone`s problem, or at mistakes |
| Roar roar with mirth | Хохот. Tolaughverynoisily покатываться со смеху |
| Guffau | Грубыйхохот. To laugh noisily |
Styles of humour
| Black comedy = dark comedy ~ gallows humor | is a comic style about subjects that are normally considered as taboo, serious or painful to discuss. Popular themes of the genre include disease, sexuality, religion and barbarism. | |
| gallows humor | tends to be used more specifically in relation to death | |
| blue comedy | is focused on crude topics such as nudity, sex, and bodily fluids | |
| Off-color humor = vulgar humor = crude humor = shock humor | is humor that deals with topics that may be considered to be in poor taste or overly vulgar. | |
| Satire | ||
| Deadpan = dry humor = dry wit | describes the deliberate display of a lack of or no emotion, commonly as a form of comedic delivery to contrast with the ridiculousness of the subject matter. The delivery is meant to be blunt, ironic, laconic, or apparently unintentional. | |
| Anti-humor | The humor of such jokes is based on the surprise factor of absence of an expected joke or of a punch line in a narration which is set up as a joke. This kind of anticlimax is similar to that of the shaggy dog story. Anti-humor is also the basis of various types of pranks and hoaxes. |
“Methods” of humour
| A punch line | заключительнаяфраза, содержащая «соль» шутки concludes a joke; it is intended to make people laugh. It is the third and final part of the typical joke structure. It follows the introductory framing of the joke and the narrative which sets up for the punch line |
| Innuendo/ˌɪnjʊˈɛndəʊ/ | игра слов, намёк с сексуальным подтекстом an indirect remark about sth/ sb, usually suggesting sth bad or rude Innuendos about her private life Joke with sexual innuendo |
| double entendre/dʌbəlɒnˈtɒndrə/ | двусмысленность is a figure of speech or a particular way of wording having a double meaning. A word or phrase that may be understood in two different ways, one of which is often sexual Humour that uses double entendres |
| Word-play | is a literary technique and a form of wit in which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. |
| Pun, n, v = paronomasia | Каламбур - is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, as their usage and meaning are specific to a particular language and its culture. forgive (excuse) the pun |
Forms of humour
| Joke 424 | is a short humorous piece of oral literature in which the funniness culminates in the final sentence, called the punchline. It is not meant to be taken seriously! | |
| intellectual jokes | ||
| one-liner | Шуткаводнустроку, остроумноезамечание | |
| shaggy dogstory = yarn | A type of anti-joke. It is an extremely long-winded anecdote characterized by extensive narration of typically irrelevant incidents and terminated by an anticlimax or a pointless punchline.A lengthy shaggy dog story derives its humour from the fact that the joke-teller held the attention of the listeners for a long time and the end resolution is essentially meaningless. | |
| anecdote | A short interesting or amusing story about real person or event. Occasionally humorous, anecdotes differ from jokes because their primary purpose is not simply to provoke laughter but to reveal a truth more general than the brief tale itself, such as to characterize a person, to communicate an abstract idea about a person, place, or thing through the concrete details of a short narrative. An anecdote is "a story with a point." | |
| Witticism | острота Witticism describes something funny that someone says, like a pun or little joke. You may have heard that it is good to start off a speech with witticism because if you make the audience laugh. A witticism is typically a one-liner that humorously sums up the current situation — with a little bit of attitude thrown in. | |
| A practical joke = prank Other terms: gag, jape, or shenanigan | is a mischievous trick played on someone, generally causing the victim to experience embarrassment, perplexity, confusion, or discomfort. | |
| practical joker | A person who performs a practical joke | |
| Practical jokes differ from confidence tricks or hoaxes | Practical jokes are generally lighthearted and without lasting impact; they aim to make the victim feel humbled or foolish, but not victimized or humiliated. Thus most practical jokes are affectionate gestures of humour and designed to encourage laughter. However, practical jokes performed with cruelty can constitute bullying, whose intent is to harass or exclude rather than reinforce social bonds through ritual humbling | |
| Hoax, n | An act intended to make sb believe sth that is not true, especially sth unpleasant | |
| Hoax, v | надувать; водитьзанос; To trick sb by making them believe sth that is not true, especially sth unpleasant | |
| play a hoax on | разыграть | |
| newspaper hoax | уткагазетная | |
| hoaxer | ||
| A parody = a spoof, send-up, = take-off, lampoon | is a work created to imitate, make fun of, or comment on an original work—its subject, author, style, or some other target—by means of satiric or ironic imitation | |
| Nonsense verse | It is whimsical (причудливый) and humorous in tone and employs some of the techniques of nonsense literature. | |
| Light poetry, or light verse, | is poetry that attempts to be humorous. Poems considered "light" are usually brief, and can be on a frivolous or serious subject, and often feature word play, including puns, adventurous rhyme and heavy alliteration. | |
| A limerick | is a form of verse, often humorous and sometimes obscene (непристойный), in five-line, with a strict rhyme scheme of AABBA, in which the first, second and fifth line rhyme, while the third and fourth lines are shorter and share a different rhyme. | |
| Chastúshka[tɕɐsˈtuʂkə], | is a traditional type of short Russian or Ukrainian humorous folk song with high beat frequency, that consists of one four-lined couplet, full of humor, satire or irony. Usually many chastushki are sung one after another. | |
| Пирожки и порошки | ||
| Садистские стишки | жанр современного русского фольклора | |
Laughter Disorders - it might not be funny!
The actual neural basis of laughter is still not very well known and what we do know about it largely comes from pathological clinical cases.
So laughter can be 1) genuine and spontaneous 2) simulated (fake), 3) stimulated (tickling), 4) induced (by drugs) or 5) pathological.
Some of the laughter related disorders are:
| The term Gelastic, used below, originates from the Greek word "Gelos" which means laughter. | |
| Gelotophilia | the joy of being laughed at. Gelotophiles are persons that actively seek and establish situations in which others may laugh at them. They gain joy out of these situations. They do not feel embarrassed when sharing embarrassing things that happened to them for making others laugh at them |
| Pseudobulbar affect identified by C. Darwin | frequent, involuntary and uncontrollable outbursts of laughing and crying. It arises due to disconnection of the descending pathways between the frontal lobes and brainstem. |
| Gelotophobia | Fear of being mocked at. It may lead to social ineptness to severe depression. It is thought to arise from negative early life experiences if being teased, ridiculed. Imagining shows us that people who suffer from this condition have poor brain wiring and poor connections between frontal and medial temporal brain areas. |
| katagelasticism | is a psychological condition in which a person excessively enjoys laughing at others |
| A twisted sense of humor and laughing at inappropriate times | is thought to be an early sign of dementia |
| Gelastic seizures | rare type of seizure that involves a sudden burst of energy, usually in the form of laughing. Mainly associated with Hypothalamic Hamartoma |
| Angelman Syndrome синдром Петрушки или синдром «счастливой куклы» | A happy disposition with frequent laughter. They laugh frequently due to heightened stimulation of parts of Brain involved in laughter. It's a chromosomal disorder. |
| Schadenfreude | pleasure derived from the misfortunes of others |