Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее его содержанию.
Erosion and weathering are natural geological forces that cause destruction of rocks and shape the surface of the earth. These processes are similar in nature in the sense that they take part in changing the topography of surface of earth but there are differences between them.
In weathering, large rocks get broken because of action of weather but they do not move to a new location. Erosion is a set of processes that involve winds, flowing water and movement of ice that transport the fragments created by weathering to newer locations.
Two important classifications of weathering processes exist – physical and chemical weathering. Physical weathering is the process of breaking a large rock into smaller pieces without changing the minerals in the rock. Chemical weathering transforms the original material into a substance with a different composition and different physical characteristics.
While physical weathering is accentuated in very cold or very dry environments, chemical reactions are most intense where the climate is wet and hot. However, both types of weathering occur together, and each tends to accelerate the other.
Выберите один ответ.
| The intensity of weathering depends on the climate of a region. | ||
| Weathering is the carrying away of sediment, soil, rock and other particles by wind, water, or ice. | ||
| Physical weathering transforms the makeup of rocks and sediments. | ||
| Chemical weathering occurs faster in very dry regions. |
2 _______ is one of the very large areas of land on the Earth that are usually divided into several countries.
| A rock | ||
| A lake | ||
| A mountain | ||
| A continent |
3.. is the capital of Australia
| Sydney | ||
| Melbourne | ||
| Canberra | ||
| Brisbane |
If you _____ any help, just let me know
| needeed | ||
| will need | ||
| are needed | ||
| need |
Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос:
How do fine-grained igneous rocks form?
Igneous rocks are formed from melted rock that has cooled and solidified. When rocks are buried deep within the Earth, they melt because of the high pressure and temperature; the molten rock (called magma) can then flow upward or even be erupted from a volcano onto the Earth's surface. When magma cools slowly, usually at depths of thousands of feet, crystals grow from the molten liquid, and a coarse-grained rock forms. When magma cools rapidly, usually at or near the surface of the planet, the crystals are extremely small, and a fine-grained rock results. A wide variety of rocks are formed by different cooling rates and different chemical compositions of the original magma. Obsidian (volcanic glass), granite, basalt, and andesite porphyry are four of the many types of igneous rock
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| They form when a coarse-grained igneous rock is broken into smaller pieces | ||
| They form when rocks are buried deep within the Earth and melt. | ||
| They form from slowly cooling magma within the Earth's crust. | ||
| They form when magma cools and crystallizes quickly at the Earth's surface. |
6 Geologic _______ can be used to reduce a disaster.
| investigates | ||
| investigations | ||
| investigators | ||
| investments |
7 When my son was ill the doctor _______ him every day.
| has visited | ||
| visits | ||
| visit | ||
| visited |
8 Перед вами конверт
__________________________________________________________
1) Mr Marion Hunter
Reservation Manager
Paradise Hotel
155 Bourneville Rd
(2) Birmingham,(3)B25S10
(4) England
......................................(5)Mrs Angela Johnson
......................................(6)Electron LTD
......................................(7)25 St James Street
......................................Birmingham(8)M5H2N6
......................................England
____________________________________________________________
Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.
| the recipient's name | |
| the ZIP Code in the recipient's address | |
| the recipient's company name | |
| the street name in the recipient's address | |
| the country the letter comes from | |
| the ZIP Code in the return address | |
| the town the letter comes from | |
| the sender's name |
9 A glacier moves slowly down under the force of _____
| gravity | ||
| gravel | ||
| grave | ||
| gravy |
10 He is looking forward to ______ them again
| have seen | ||
| saw | ||
| see | ||
| seeing |
11 Green _______ beryl is called emerald.
| soluble | ||
| toxic | ||
| chemical | ||
| transparent |
12 Sandstones exhibit a variety of _______.
| fine-grained | ||
| basalt | ||
| colour | ||
| well-rounded |
13 Under surface conditions rocks are relatively easily _____.
| melted | ||
| frozen | ||
| divided | ||
| altered |
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14... such a good dictionary you can translate this article easily.
| Having had | ||
| Having | ||
| Had | ||
| Being had |
15 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуск во фразе:
__________ is rapid oxidation.
Oxygen is extremely active chemically, forming compounds with almost all of the elements except the inert gases. Oxygen unites directly with a number of other elements to form oxides.
The common reaction in which it unites with another substance is called oxidation. The burning of substances in air is rapid oxidation or combustion. The respiration of animals and plants is a form of oxidation essential to the liberation of the energy stored in such food materials as carbohydrates and fats. The corrosion of many metals results from the action of the oxygen in the air.
Выберите один ответ.
| corrosion | ||
| decay | ||
| fire | ||
| erosion |
16 Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке
1.____________
2.____________
3.____________
4.____________
5. ___________
6.____________
| 8 January 2009 Ref: RM/AF2411 | |
| Yours sincerely, Harold Percy Export Manager | |
| 7 Banbury Avenu Sydney 2000 Australia Tel. (+ 61) 2 /120933 Fax: (+61) 2/12093320 | |
| Thank you for your inquiry of 1st January. We hope you will find the enclosed information useful. Thank you once again for the interest shown in our products. | |
| Dear Sir, | |
| Mr J.P. Queensway Export Manager Hi-Tech Productions Ltd 56 George Street Oxford OX16PQ |
17 _______ the weather, the winner set a new record.
| Despite | ||
| Where | ||
| Why | ||
| As soon as |
18 Granite is a very common ______ rock.
| porosity | ||
| intrusive | ||
| origin | ||
| intensive |
19 Additional sources of ______ affect geological processes within and through the crust.
| wind | ||
| sand | ||
| water | ||
| energy |
20 Clay mineral change to micas under new ______.
| directions | ||
| conditions | ||
| positions | ||
| occurrence |
21 She... be rich. She has very expensive car.
| must | ||
| ought to | ||
| should | ||
| have to |
22 The Russian Federation... on many countries
| Borders | ||
| Separates | ||
| Divides | ||
| Covers |
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23 This element is widely _____ in the earth's crust.
| characteristic | ||
| steady | ||
| spread | ||
| compared |
24 The head of the Government in the UK is ______________________
| The Queen | ||
| The Members of the House of Lords | ||
| The Prime Minister | ||
| The Deputies |
25 I don't enjoy ____ very much.
| driving | ||
| to drive | ||
| drove | ||
| driven |
26 _______ property is a bit cheaper now, Jake and Lana have bought a bigger flat.
| As | ||
| In order that | ||
| Because of | ||
| But |
27...you make a cup of tea for me
| Should | ||
| Could | ||
| Must | ||
| May |
28 Physical weathering changes ______ and the shape of rocks.
| the size | ||
| the oxidation | ||
| the melting | ||
| the composition |
29 The nick-name of Tyumen is________________
| “The gate to Siberia” | ||
| “Pumping unit” | ||
| “The Rig” | ||
| “Oil land” |
30 Geology is the study of the planet, and concerned with the ______ and development of the Earth.
| origin | ||
| originate | ||
| original | ||
| originally |
31 ________ is the process by which land sinks to a lower level.
| Glacier burst | ||
| Earthquake | ||
| Subsidence | ||
| Tsunami |
32 Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже отрывок
We are wholesalers in the tea trade, and we would like some information on the types of tea you produce. Would you kindly send us your latest catalog with prices, as well as a selection of samples?
Выберите один ответ.
| Memo | ||
| CV | ||
| Letter of order | ||
| Letter of inquiry |
Прочитайте текст
Minerals and rocks
Minerals are different from rocks. A mineral is a chemical compound with a given composition and a defined crystal structure. A rock is a mixture of one or several minerals, in varying proportions.
A rock has only two of the characteristics minerals have–it is a solid and it forms naturally. A rock usually contains two or more types of minerals. Two samples of the same type of rock may have different kinds of minerals in them. Minerals are always made up of the same materials in nearly the same proportions. A ruby is a mineral. Therefore, a ruby found in India has similar makeup as a ruby found in Australia.
Определите, соответствует ли содержанию текста следующее утверждение:
Two samples of the same mineral may have different composition.
| не соответствует (является ложным) | ||
| соответствует (является верным) | ||
| в тексте нет информации |
34 Прочитайте текст и выберите утверждение, соответствующее его содержанию.
When an earthquake occurs in oceanic and coastal regions, it can cause a tsunami. Tsunami is a chain of fast moving waves in the ocean caused by powerful earthquakes. Small earthquakes (under magnitude 6.75 on the Richter scale) do not cause tsunamis. Most destructive tsunamis are caused by earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 or more.
Tsunamis can travel at the speed of 600-800 kilometers per hour, depending on water depth. It is a very serious challenge for people's safety and for earthquake engineering. Those waves can flood coastal areas, destroy houses and even swipe away whole towns. Tsunami can result in just as much death as an earthquake.
Unfortunately, tsunamis can not be prevented. However, with the use of modern technology many tsunamis could be detected before they hit land. There are warning systems which may warn the population before the big waves reach the land to let people enough time to rush to safety.
| People usually have enough time to rush to safety because tsunamis are slow moving waves. | ||
| Tsunami can cause great destruction and loss of life when they strike a coast. | ||
| Any underwater earthquake can cause tsunami. | ||
| There are many ways to prevent tsunami |
35 The _______ of time of known history is very short as compared t that of known geologic time.
| way | ||
| path | ||
| lengthy | ||
| length |
36 If I were you, I ______ sell that motorbike immediately.
| am | ||
| would | ||
| have | ||
| will |
37 She _______ a new dress yesterday
| buyed | ||
| have bought | ||
| has bought | ||
| bought |
38 Rock is one of the ____ materials of which the earth's crust is mainly composed.
| difficult | ||
| coarse | ||
| soft | ||
| hard |
39 The capital of the USA is...
| Washington | ||
| New York | ||
| Philadelphia | ||
| Los Angeles |
40... all work they could have a rest.
| Having finished | ||
| Finish | ||
| Finishing | ||
| Being finished |