Internet of things shaping it’s future.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of those somewhat rare technology topics that is pretty easy for the layperson to understand, at least on the basic level. But the topic as a whole encompasses enough layers of change for IT to make your head spin. Networking a rapidly growing variety of physical objects to enable data collection and transmission is part of what analyst Rob Enderle calls the third age of IT: digitization. You might also call it a mega-trend.

Alongside advances in robotics, mobile technologies and, of course, Big Data analytics, the IoT is one of the most fascinating, fast-moving — and fun — topics we cover at IT Business Edge. IoT Security On top of the increasingly difficult task of securing existing workplace networks and devices, add a sometimes hard-to-track set of bring-your-own-device (BYOD) users and now IoT devices. Gartner says 26 billion IoT devices will be connecting to enterprise networks by 2020.

New attack vectors are being created by the influx. Spiceworks and others have found that IT is worried but not ready; the majority report they are “not actively preparing.” Perhaps the urgency hasn’t reached the same level as other day-to-day security efforts, but IT doesn’t have much time left to rely on that explanation.

Last month, the Bash, or Shellshock, vulnerability, for instance, was called a serious threat to IoT devices, many of which were built around Linux, but without any ability to be patched or detect malware. IoT Governance Privacy and data governance concerns around the IoT are growing with each new form factor and use case. IT Business Edge ’s Loraine Lawson wondered recently, “Who has ownership over our heartbeat? Who’s responsible for armpit compliance? What happens if our underwear suffers a data breach?”

Those particular questions may seem on the silly side, but they will, in fact, need answers. Data management and quality experts say developers and designers will have to stay on the leading edge here to keep up. The IoT will fundamentally change the way IT manages, stores and processes data, says Gartner VP Joe Skorupa. Clearly, business priorities are at stake.

Vendor-created groups like the Internet of Things Consortium, the Open Interconnect Consortium, the AllSeen Alliance and the Industrial Internet Consortium are collaborating on standards and guidance — while each vendor member protects its share of a market that IDC says will reach $7.3 trillion by 2017.

IoT Careers In recent months, new skills, job descriptions and titles have made for interesting IoT news. Vendors like Cisco want to keep the focus on education and training for positions inside and outside of IT that are changing with IoT. And consultancies and large enterprises are creating senior-level IoT management positions to shape and coordinate their new products and services.

IoT and Innovation To make the IoT both work and pay off, IT is juggling upgrading and building app-centric networks, mapping out new data center architectures and the staff to maintain them, and taking a crash course in data analytics, which in many enterprises, it turns out, may not ever be centered in other departments.

Between massive volumes of data, as-yet unimagined networked devices in our workplaces and homes, new data architectures, and new focus on data analytics, some are calling the entirety of this shift a “revolution” in IT. It is one that only just beginning [24]. answer the questions using the information from the text.

Задание 2. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the Internet? 2. What is the Web (World Wide Web)? 3. Who owns the Internet? 4. What is Internet address? 5. What is URL? 6. What does “the third age of IT” mean? 7. How many devices will it be possible to connect to enterprise networks by 2020 and what kind of threat to IoT devices will appear? 8. What problems concern IoT Governance? 9. What changes are IoT careers undergoing? 10. What developments can be called a “revolution” in IT?

Раздел 2. Грамматика. Сравнение времен глаголов групп Present Perfect (Настоящее совершенное) и Past Indefinite (прошедшее).

Перфект (Perfect) обозначает действие, предшествующее определенному моменту или другому действию в прошлом, настоящем или будущем времени.

Present Perfect (Настоящее совершенное) выражает связь прошлого с настоящим, во-первых, наличием результата ранее совершенного действия; во-вторых, продолжением в настоящее время действия, начавшегося в прошлом;

Таблица спряжений глаголов в Present Perfect

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма

I have seen the film. Have I seen the film? I have not seen the film.

He, she, it has seen the film. Has he, she, it seen the film? He, she, it has not seen the film.

We have seen the film. Have we seen the film? We have not seen the film

You have seen the film. Have you seen the film? You have not seen the film.

They have seen the film. Have they seen the film? They have not seen the film.

Present Perfect (Настоящее совершенное) употребляется в следующих случаях:

1. Для выражения действия, завершившегося к моменту речи, важен сам факт совершения действия к настоящему моменту или его результат.

Kate has read this book. Анна (уже) прочитала эту книгу.

Настоящее совершенное время (Present Perfect) часто используется с такими наречиями, как: just (только что); already (уже); lately (недавно); yet (в отрицательных предложениях);

2. Для выражения действия, которое уже совершилось на тот период, в котором оно происходило, еще продолжается и может быть обозначен обстоятельством времени today, this week, this month, this year, this century.

I have written a letter this morning. Я уже написал письмо сегодня утром.

3. Для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось до настоящего времени и протекает в настоящем, действия, которое охватывает целый период времени, включающий и настоящий момент.

I have known him all my life. Я знаю его всю жизнь (знал раньше, знаю и сейчас).

Времена группы Past Indefinite употребляются только для констатации факта совершения действия в прошедшем (Past Indefinite) без указания на его длительность, законченность и безотносительно к какому – либо другому действию или моменту.

По способу образования Past Indefinite все глаголы делятся на правильные и неправильные. Past Indefinite правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления к основе глагола (Infinitive без частицы to) окончания –ed. Past Indefinite неправильных глаголов образуется различными другими способами (см. таблицу неправильных глаголов). Отрицательная и вопросительная формы Past Indefinite образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола did.

They came yesterday. They didn’t come on Monday. When did they come?

Упражнение 1. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect.

1. He ___________________ (finish) training.
2. She ________________ (score) twenty points in the match.
3. We ________________ (watch) all the Champions League matches this season.
4. That's amazing! She _________________ (run) fifteen kilometers this morning!
5. She __________________ (buy) some really nice rollerblades!
6. Oh, no! I ____________________ (lose) my money!
7. My mum ________________ (write) shopping list. It's on the kitchen table.
8. Dad, you _______________ (eat) my biscuit!
9. I’m tired. I ________________ (watch) three X-Files videos.
10. Hurry up! They _______________ (start) the film!
11. Mary ________________ (study) hard this year, so she'll pass her exams.
12. Oh no! She _______________________ (drop) the plate!
13. The garden is very green. It __________________ (rain) a lot this month.
14. These are my favourite trousers. I _______________ (have) them for five years.
15. Tom's my best friend. I _____________________ (know) him for three years.
16. They ________________ (live) in Miami for two years.
17. Jo has earache. He _________________ (have) it since 7 o'clock.
18. Brad _________________ (live) in Chicago since 1998.

Упражнение 2. Поставьте глагол в Present Perfect или Past Simple.