STUDENT’S BOOK
PART I
Новокузнецк – 2013
| ББК 81.432.1 Англ | Печатается по разрешению |
| П19 | Редакционно-издательского совета |
| ISBN 978-5-85117-746-0 | КузГПА (протокол №10 от 17.09.2013) |
Пасечко Е.М., Предеина Е.В., Хафизова В.С. Personal Values: учебное пособие. - Новокузнецк: Изд-во КузГПА, 2013. – 91 с.
Предлагаемое учебное пособие содержит текстовый материал и комплексную систему упражнений для отработки навыков и умений устной и письменной речи. Рассмотрение лексических тем с позиций нравственно-ценностной значимости обсуждаемых проблем позволяет поддерживать интерес обучаемых к изучению английского языка.
Пособие предназначено для студентов младших курсов педагогических вузов. Оно также может быть рекомендовано старшеклассникам и студентам неязыковых вузов, самостоятельно изучающим английский язык.
Рецензенты:
О.В.Соколова, к.п.н., доцент кафедры английского языка и методики преподавания КузГПА
Кузбасская государственная
педагогическая академия,
Новокузнецк, 2013
CONTENTS
Введение …………………………………………………………...4
Unit 1 IT’S MY LIFE ……………………………………………6
Unit 2 FAMILY LIFE ………………………………………….38
Unit 3 THE PLACE WE LIVE IN ……………………………64
Список литературы ……………………………………………...91
Введение
Данное пособие – “Personal Values. Student’s Book”, являющееся одним из компонентов УМК “Personal Values”, разработано в рамках дисциплины «Практика устной и письменной речи» и предназначено для студентов факультетов и отделений английского языка педагогических вузов.
Основная цель пособия – дальнейшее совершенствование навыков и умений речевой деятельности: обучение говорению на основе автоматизации необходимых фонетических, грамматических и лексических навыков, формирование умения понимать английский текст в графической или звуковой форме с различной степенью проникновения в содержание, а также обучение письменной речи в пределах программы для первого курса.
Пособие строится по коммуникативно-тематическому принципу, согласно которому совмещаются наиболее типичные коммуникативные задачи и близкие обучающимся сферы действительности, представленные в виде набора из шести тем, каждая из которых включает в себя несколько подтем.
Выбор лексических тем обусловлен требованиями ГОС ВПО, спецификой содержания профессиональной компетенции будущего учителя английского языка, а именно, наличием готовности осуществлять учебно-воспитательную и культурно-просветительскую профессиональную деятельность.
Особенностью данного пособия является то, что тематика текстов для чтения и аудирования, ситуации общения, задания для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы, проектные работы направлены на осознание таких жизненных ценностей, как взаимоотношения в семье, дружба, эмоциональное равновесие, самоорганизация, культура, образование, самовыражение, самореализация; формирование толерантного отношения к убеждениям, интересам и особенностям окружающих людей и проявлениям иной культуры; воспитание качеств гражданина, патриота своей страны. Каждая подтема предваряется небольшим текстом проблемного характера, помогающего выработке своего нравственно-ценностного отношения к обсуждаемой тематике урока.
Каждая тема содержит комплекс заданий, имеющих определенную структуру. В начале каждой подтемы предлагаются упражнения на развитие лексико-грамматических навыков и фонетическое оформление речи: задания на самостоятельную семантизацию лексики на основе контекста, языковой догадки, толкования значения; упражнения на активизацию употребления лексических единиц - подстановочные и трансформационные упражнения, задания на выбор и употребление лексических единиц в грамматической и стилистической структуре, в тексте высказывания, задания на словообразование. Большое значение придается формированию умения работать с толковым и лингвострановедческим словарями.
Задания на чтение и аудирование основаны на аутентичном текстовом материале, разнообразном по структуре, жанрам и стилям, и составлены с использованием аудиозаписей современных УМК. Все аудиотексты представлены в аудиоприложении к пособию (CD МРЗ). Тексты описательного характера используются для дальнейшего обсуждения, диалоги служат образцом для составления собственных высказываний. Каждая тема содержит художественные тексты и для чтения, и для аудирования, связанные с общей лексической темой урока, и предназначенные для самостоятельной работы и последующего пересказа содержания текста с элементами оценки.
Задания на формирование умений говорения носят, в основном, продуктивный характер – творческие монологические и диалогические высказывания. Однако, в каждом уроке имеются репродуктивные и частично-продуктивные задания – драматизация представленного диалога, составление высказываний по аналогии с опорой на образец в письменном виде или аудиозаписи. Большое внимание уделяется парным и групповым формам работы.
Задания по обучению письму связаны с тематикой урока и предполагают небольшие по объему работы прагматического характера.Разнообразные письменные задания студенты выполняют в ходе работы над групповыми проектами: сбор информации по предложенной теме и ее письменная фиксация, ее оформление для презентации.
Контроль изученного материала проводится комплексно. Каждая тема завершается списком проблемных ситуаций для построения самостоятельного монологического высказывания, заданием на перевод предложений с русского языка на английский с обязательным использованием лексики по пройденной теме и письменным тестом на проверку лексических навыков и умений чтения и аудирования в пределах изученных лексических тем. В конце пособия даны рекомендации для студентов, которые позволят более эффективно организовать самостоятельную работу по овладению всеми видами речевой деятельности.
Итоговым заданием является специальный проект - презентация, в ходе которого студенты рассказывают о своих личных ценностях.
Unit 1 IT’S MY LIFE
Well-organization and positive feelings are special qualities that will guarantee you greater success, achievements and happiness in life.
It has been researched and proven over and over again that optimists (positive thinkers) enjoy more of the wonderful benefits of life. When you are optimistic about your day you feel real enthusiasm for everything you do and have strength to drift past the difficult times. Being optimistic means that you expect to win at everything you do.
Being well organised means being ready for any opportunity or challenge in your life. It means knowing what you have, where it is and being able to be up-to-date with everything. Being well-organised is not just having everything categorised, alphabetised and in chronological order but it is about having a routine that works for you.
Ex.1 What are you like? Are you an optimist or a pessimist?
Answer the questionnaire below. For each situation, choose a, b or c according to what you are most likely to say. Then calculate your score, read what it means and compare with a partner.
1. It’s Sunday, you are in the middle of a long walk in the country. It starts to rain.
a. It always rains when I go for a walk.
b. It could be worse – it could be snowing.
c. Great! I really enjoy walking in the rain.
2. You arrive home after a great holiday.
a. I don’t want to go back to university.
b. I’m going to start planning my next holiday. I want to have something to look forward to.
c. The holiday was great, but now I’m looking forward to sleeping in my own bed.
3. It’s your 30th birthday.
a. The best years of my life are over.
b. I’m getting older – so what? It happens to everybody.
c. Life begins at 30 – where’s the party?
4. You’ve got a cold.
a. I need to see a doctor as soon as possible.
b. I need to buy some tissues.
c. It’s just a cold – it won’t kill me.
5. Your boy/girl friend has ended your relationship.
a. I’ve had enough of boys/girls. I’m never going to fall in love again.
b. I know I’ll get over it, but it might take a long time.
c. He/she wasn’t the right one for me.
6. You have to make an important life decision.
a. Whatever I decide to do, it will be the wrong decision.
b. I’m going to take my time and think carefully about my decision.
c. Whatever I decide to do, it will be the right decision.
7. It’s autumn.
a. I don’t like autumn because it will soon be winter.
b. It’s just another time of the year.
c. It’s a beautiful time of the year.
8. You unexpectedly inherit &5,000.
a. &5,000 isn’t going to change my life.
b. Great! I can buy a few luxuries that I couldn’t afford before.
c. This must be my lucky day – I think I’ll buy a lottery ticket.
How to score: each time you answer a - score 1, answer b - 2, answer c – 3
| If you scored 19-24 | …you are an Optimist! You always try to see the positive side of life. You know how to enjoy yourself and you don’t waste time worrying about things that may never happen. But be careful – your friends might find your optimism rather irritating at times. |
| If you scored 13-18 | …you’re Mr or Ms Sensible! You are a realist. You know life has ups and downs but you hope to have more good times than to have bad times in your life. But be careful – you can be more serious at times. You need to show your feelings a bit more. |
| If you scored 8-12 | …you are a Pessimist! You must try to stop having negative thoughts. You need to learn how to enjoy the good things in life and stop worrying about things that may never happen. And remember, there are many people in worse situations than you. |
Ex.2 Study the list of words describing different feelings.
annoyed (with sb) (at / about sth) | ~ (that …) | ~ to find, see; - slightly angry
anxious (about sth) | ~(for sb) - feeling worried or nervous about the future
ashamed (of sth/sb / yourself) |- feeling shame or embarrassment about sb/sth or because of sth you have done
astonished (at / by sth/sb) | astonished (that …) - very surprised
bored (with sb/sth) | ~(with doing sth) - feeling tired and impatient because you have lost interest in sb/sth or because you have nothing to do
cheerful - happy, and showing it by the way that you behave
confused - unable to think clearly or to understand what is happening or what sb is saying
delighted (by / at / with sth) | ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that …) - very pleased
depressed (at)- very sad and without hope
disappointed – (with/in sb/sth, by sth) - upset because sth you hoped for has not happened or been as good, successful, etc. as you expected
exhausted – very tired
embarrassed (about / at sth) | ~ (to do sth) (of a person or their behaviour) shy, awkward or ashamed, especially in a social situation
enthusiastic (about sb/sth) | ~ (about doing sth ) - feeling or showing a lot of excitement and interest about sb/sth
excited (about / at / by sth) | ~ (to do sth) - feeling or showing happiness and enthusiasm
fed up (with sb/sth) / sick and tired (of sb/sth) | ~of doing sth - bored or unhappy, especially with a situation that has continued for too long
furious (with sb) | ~ (at sth/sb) | ~ (that …) very angry
grateful (to sb) (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that …) - feeling or showing thanks because sb has done sth kind for you or has done as you asked
guilty (about sth) - feeling ashamed because you have done sth that you know is wrong or have not done sth that you should have done
jealous (of sb/sth) – 1.feeling angry or unhappy because sb you like or love is showing interest in sb else 2. feeling angry or unhappy because you wish you had sth that sb else has
miserable - very unhappy or uncomfortable
nervous (about / of sth) - anxious about sth or afraid of sth that is about to happen
proud - (of sb/sth) | ~ (to do sth) | ~ (that …) - feeling pleased and satisfied about sth that you own or have done, or are connected with
relaxed (about sth) ( of a person ) - calm and not anxious or worried
scared (of sb/sth) | ~ of doing sth, ~ to do sth, frightened, of sth or afraid that sth bad might happen
stressed out - too anxious and tired to be able to relax
worried (about sb/sth) | ~ (by sth) | ~ (that …) constantly thinking about unpleasant things that have happened or that might happen and therefore feeling unhappy and afraid
upset (about sth) | ~ (that …) unhappy or disappointed because of sth unpleasant that has happened
Ex3 Choose the appropriate word from the pair:
1. When Dick saw his neighbour kick the dog he became angry / nervous.
2. Sue wasn’t really interested / interesting in the film.
3. She always finds some excuses for not keeping her word. It’s very annoying / worrying.
4. You’re not scared / bored of spiders, are you?
5. He looked relaxed / anxious and confident before the exam.
6. If we forget to do our homework, our teacher gets excited / annoyed.
7. Tim completely lost his temper! He was absolutely furious / exhausted.
8. My friends have new cars. I’m becoming guilty / ashamed of my old Mini.
9. Let’s go to a different cinema. I’m not very impressed / enthusiastic about horror films.
10. I’m completely exhausted / nervous today. Yesterday I had to sit up late, brushing up on my grammar and vocabulary.
11. Mike was delighted / anxious when they asked him to be a godfather of their first child. Nothing could have made him happier.
12. He always feels a bit jealous / ashamed of his elder sister who manages to be up- to- date with her studies and to get some time off during the week.
13. I had never done a parachute jump before. I was very upset / nervous.
14. I was furious / excited to hear that he had passed his exams because he never seemed to do any work on time. It’s so annoying.
15. They both looked astonished / bored when I told them I was getting married.
16. John is fedup with / enthusiastic about this boring town – all they have is a bar, a cinema and a Chinese restaurant.
17 I missed a lot of lessons and now I have to catch up on my studies. It makes me so disappointed / stressed out.
18. She was proud / grateful that her daughter had so much talent for organising her time wisely and achieving what she really wanted.
19. My brother is always delighted / enthusiastic, no matter what he is doing – reading for seminars in the library or working out in the gym.
20. Some women are too embarrassed / miserable to consult the doctor about their problem.
21. I’ve got a very difficult exam tomorrow and I feel a bit jealous / nervous.
22. Sorry, I gave the wrong e-mail. I got a bit confused / relaxed.
23. I was bitterly disappointed / miserable by the results of the final test.
24. Her decision to start babysitting made her parents feel stressed out / guilty.
Ex.4 Choose some pictures and describe what makes you feel so. Use the structures: I am/feel/get….when/if….
sadconfident confused angry hysterical
guilty embarrassed exhausted jealous scared
furious depressed ashamed hopeful lonely
bored surprised anxious shocked shy
delighted
Ex.5 Tell your partner how you feel in the following situations and what you would do next:
1. You hear you have passed all your exams.
2. You are in a lift which suddenly stops and won’t move.
3. You are late for the lessons because you overslept.
4. You are stuck in a traffic jam.
5. Your sister/brother/flatmate has borrowed some of your clothes without asking permission.
6. You are walking home at night and you think someone is following you.
7. You forgot your mother’s or your father’s birthday.
8. You hear the alarm clock buzzing loudly at 6.30 on Sunday morning.
9. You’ve saved enough money to go to the concert of your favourite rock group.
10. You are interrupted by a person who has such an awful habit of interfering in what doesn’t concern him.
11. You can’t understand the rule. The more you read the less you understand.
12. You are in the car that is going too fast.
13. You are asked to do things you don’t want to do.
14. You made some very stupid mistakes in your English test.
15. You have to return home after a wonderful holiday at the seaside.
16. You can have a lie-in one of the working days.
17. You see your boyfriend/girlfriend kissing another girl/boy.
18. You don’t know the way to the hotel and the map you are looking at is too detailed.
Ex.6 Tell your partner how you’re feeling today. Explain why.
Humans are creatures of habit and we adopt bad habits just as easily as good ones. If you're looking for a quick, cheap, and easily applied method of improving your mood you can do so through reflection on your daily routines. A disciplined daily routine is of great value. It keeps one physically, mentally and intellectually healthy.
Ex.7 Reading
a) Read the text about the daily routine two girls have as quickly as you can and state the main problem Ann has.
b) Read the text again and find out the information proving that the girl(s) could feel annoyed, proud, exhausted, enthusiastic, guilty, delighted. What other feelings could the girls have?
DAILY ROUTINE
I’m in the first year at the university, where I’m studying English. My elder sister, Kate, is studying history at the same university. Kate can organize her time wisely, whereas I do not know what order I should do things in. I find it hard to get up on time, and usually I do not have enough sleep. I have to wind two alarm-clocks to make sure I do not oversleep.
My sister, an early riser, is awake by 7 o’clock, refreshed and full of energy. While I’m wandering round the kitchen, fighting the urge to go back to bed, my sister manages to have a quick shower, make her bed, put on make up, do her hair, eat a full breakfast and set off to the university. It takes me an hour and a half to get ready. I have a hasty bite and rush out of the house. Even if I catch a bus at once I still arrive at the university 15 minutes late, which always makes me feel guilty.
My studies keep me busy all day long. I have 14 hours of English a week. I also have lectures and seminars. At lunchtime I meet up with my sister and we have a snack at the university café. After classes I make myself go to the library where I spend about six hours a week reading for my seminars.
My sister and I come home tired. I always find excuses to put my homework off. Unlike me, my sister manages to do the housework and get down to homework. I like the idea of going to bed early, but quite often I have to sit up late, brushing up on my grammar and vocabulary, though I feel sleepy. My sister says that keeping late hours ruins one’s health. Of course, I agree.
As my sister and I do not get any time off during the week, we try to relax at weekends. One of my greatest pleasures is to lie in bed and read my favourite books. My sister is a sporty person. To keep herself fit, Kate goes for a run in the park; from time to time she works out in the gym.
I hate staying in, and sometimes on Saturday night my sister takes me out to a concert or a play. Sometimes we go to a party or to a disco. But more often than not I end up catching up on studies and my sister goes out. I wonder how I manage to spoil my leisure time.
Every Monday when I wake up I think I should start a new life. I honestly think that I must become well-organised and correct my daily routine. I make plans to go to keep-fit classes, to do the shopping with my sister, to do the cleaning and to do a hundred other good things. But then I remember that I have to call on my school friend in the evening, and I put off my plans till next Monday. It is always better to start a new life in a week.
Ex.8 Answer the following questions:
1. What does it mean “to organize one’s time wisely”, “to have daily routine”? Can you organize your time wisely?
2. Are you an early riser or a night owl? Is it really necessary to have enough sleep?
3. What kind of breakfast do you have: a full breakfast or a hasty bite?
4. What is the difference between “ to set off” and “to rush ”? What way do you leave for the Academy?
5. Could you please recall your busiest day? What kept you busy? What keeps you busy in your everyday life? What takes up most of your time?
6. When do you usually do your homework? Is there anything that can interfere with your home work?
7. Is it easy for you to find excuses to put your homework off? Does it make you feel guilty?
8. Are you in a habit of keeping late hours or do you try to go to bed on time? Do you fall asleep at once or do you dream of something (worry about something)?
9. What way do you relax at the weekends? What are your pleasures?
10. Doing morning exercises isn’t the best way to keep oneself fit, is it?
11. Who gives you your pocket-money? Have you thought about having any job to earn extra money?
12. Is your daily routine always the same?
13. Is there anything you don’t have time to do or you would like to spend more time on doing it?
14. Have you ever dreamt of starting a new life?
Ex.9 Ask two of your groupmates how much time they spend on:
studying, sleeping, making up, having meals, doing housework/homework, reading, going out in the evening, surfing the Internet, doing nothing, working out in the gym, meeting friends, playing computer games, shopping, walking the dog, watching TV, … (add any activities you want). Give your own answers. Put the information you’ve got in a pie-chart. Analyse the pie-charts and make a conclusion which of you (your groupmates or you) manages to organize his/her day more wisely.
Ex.10 Reading
a) 
Look at the title of the article “ A LIFE IN THE DAY OF …. ” What information do you expect from it?
b) Look at the photograph of Mary. What impression do you get of her? Does she organize her day wisely?
c) Read the article and find out whether your ideas were right.
A LIFE IN THE DAY OF ….
Mary McArthur wrote to Mizz describing her day.
Mary McArthur, seventeen, lives in Glasgow where she studies in Jordanhill College. Mary hopes to pass the first year exams successfully.
At roughly 7.30 a.m. my radio alarm buzzes. As it is actually on my bed it literally blasts me into awareness of the morning. This is due to the loudness I need to wake me. I lie for a while deciding whether to pretend to be fatally ill. This trick usually doesn’t work, but I try anyway. My mother never believes me. So I finally crawl out of bed. By this time it is 8 a.m. - the time I leave the house for college. I convinced my father that it would benefit my health and welfare to receive another hour in bed and be taken to school at 8.40 a.m. by car. He agreed.
As I work in a shop that sells jeans on Saturday, I only have a lie-in on Sundays – and what a lie-in. I have my Sunday breakfast at about 3 p.m., followed by lunch at 5.30 p.m. My mother doesn’t approve, and my father thinks it is a big joke. I think it is neither disastrous nor funny – it’s crucial.
I usually enjoy studying if I’m up-to-date with my lessons. I hate the feeling of being left behind with anything. I enjoy college mainly because of the number of friends I have there. I also hate being alone. Another good reason for coming to college is to see my boy-friend, Tim, who I meet every lunchtime. However, I don’t let this interfere with my studies. I believe that if I centre my full attention on either one or the other I will lose out somewhere. And finally, I hope to get Bachelor’s degree and continue the postgraduate course in Childhood and Primary Studies.
At lunchtime I either go on a binge or starve myself. I usually starve for two reasons: either to make up for the binge which took place the previous day or to save money.
After lessons I either have basketball practice for the college team, or I go home to get myself ready to go out with Tim. I see Tim almost every evening. He says he doesn’t mind what I look like but I like to feel as though I’ve made an effort. I either do my homework before I see him, during the time I see him, or when he leaves for the bus at 11 p.m. – which would explain why I get up so late. Either way my homework gets done.
When I go to bed I often think about possible careers and dream of becoming rich and famous due to an outstanding talent that no one has discovered yet (just like they do in the movies). Then I allow myself to worry about anything and everything. I worry about studies, money, my future, the next day, what I look like, what people think about me and what I could do to change the way people think about me. I usually fall asleep at about 1a.m. when I’ve worried myself silly.
I really enjoy looking after young children. They are so interesting. It was my ambition to be a nanny or a nursery nurse and to start babysitting until I have children of my own, but efforts to make me change my mind eventually succeeded. ”You’re too bright.” “There’s no money in it.” “You’d get bored.” “You’d be able to get a far better job if you get a proper education.” I’m looking forward very much to having children, but I’m not keen on the idea of being a stereotypical mother/housewife. I also want a career, and a good one. My father continuously asks whether I’ve made up my mind yet. I think I know what I want to be. Now I’m concentrating on getting good exam results so that I’ll have a solid base to move in any direction – preferably upwards.
d) Look through the article again and …
1. … note any similarities between Mary’s life and yours.
2. … list five ways in which her life is quite different from yours.
3. … make up the main questions answered in each paragraph.
e. g.: Paragraph 1 – What time do you get up? Do you like getting up? Do you find it easy?
Ex.11 Talking points.
Work in groups and discuss these questions:
1. Do you think Mary will manage to get good marks in her exams? Why?/Why not?
2. Do you think she gets on well with her parents? Why?/Why not?
3. Do you think her family should have stopped her wanting to become a nanny?
Support your answers by referring to the article.
Ex.12 Complete the sentences so that they are true for you:
1. When I get up in the morning I hate……..
2. I……. going to the Academy because………
3. At lunchtime I …….(either ………or…….)
4. After lessons I either…….or……….
5. In the evening we speak about……….
6. My mother always tells me………
7. I do my homework………
8. I’m not keen on……..
9. I really enjoy…….because……….
10. I’m looking forward to……….
11. Now I’m concentrating on………so that……..
Ex.13 Write an essay answering these questions:
How does Mary’s life compare with yours?
Do you think it is easier or more difficult? Why?
Would you like to be her?
Some useful phrases to be used:
Let me start with similarities. One important similarity between us is…
Both Mary and I …
Furthermore… / In addition…. / What’s more…..
That is where the similarities end.
There’s a world of difference between us.
In contrast to…/ In comparison with …./ Unlike Mary I……
….whereas/but….
Ex.14 Listening
a) Look at the pictures and say what feelings these people may have. What makes them feel so? Which of them looks the most relaxed person?
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b) What do you think the book with the title “The Little Book of Calm” is about?
c) According to “The Little Book of Calm” if you want to be a relaxed person you should: spend time alone, have a short nap during the day, go for a walk in the country or in the park, do some physical exercise, go running, float in water, have a leisurely hot bath, take a different route to college, drink hot water, have a massage, do dancing, drink milk, change the routine. Which advice do you agree with?
d) The four people in the photos read The Little Book of Calm. Do you think they liked it? Why? Why not?
e) Listen to each speaker. Were you right? What activities from task c) did each one mention?
Ex.15 Talking points
a) Are you a relaxed or a stressed out person? What makes you feel stressed out?
b) If you feel tired after a hard working day what helps you to relax? Discuss the following activities and choose the ones both of you find the most relaxing: having a short nap, going for a walk in the park, working out in the gym, floating in the water, drinking hot milk with honey, having a massage, going out to karaoke club, doing the cooking, entertaining guests at home, shopping, watching television, painting, surfing the Internet, playing cards, chatting on the phone.
Friendship is one of the most mysterious things. Nobody can tell us about the origin of friendship, nobody knows how it appears and when it disappears. The relationships between friends are very complicated and it is very difficult to tell what relations friends should have. All people have their own understanding of friendship, their own feelings and their own relations. And there is no standard of real friendship. What are the qualities of a true friend? This question is also very complicated because every person has his/her own requirements to friends. The usual qualities that people want their true friend to have are loyalty, kindness, honesty and respect. But it is beyond any doubt that friendship is one of your personal values and you can’t imagine your life without it.
Ex.16 Study the list of adjectives describing personality and distribute them into two columns according to their positive and negative meanings. Compare the results with your partner.
Adaptable, aggressive, arrogant, bad-tempered, bossy, calm, cheerful, communicative, competitive, considerate, credulous, determined, difficult, down-to-earth, easygoing, enthusiastic, faithful, flexible, frank, generous, helpful, independent, insensitive, intelligent, lively, loyal, miserable, modest, open-minded, (over-)sensitive, reliable, responsible, self-centred, self-confident, selfish, sincere, serious, sociable, stingy, stressed out, stubborn, sympathetic, tolerant, two-faced, witty.
Ex.17 Write the correct adjective for each question below. The first one has been done for you.
1. Are you usually calm and relaxed? - easygoing
2. Are you sure of your own abilities?
3. Are you usually faithful to your friends?
4. Are you able to change to suit new conditions or situations?
5. Do you always try to achieve your goals?
6. Do you like being with other people?
7. Do you often give people presents?
8. Do you often lose your temper?
9. Do you have a practical approach to life?
10. Do you usually understand how people are feeling?
11. Do you always believe people?
12. Do you want to be better than other people?
13. Do you keep your word?
14. Do you think that other people are less important than you?
15. Do people think you are annoying when you tell them what to do?
Ex.18 Find out about another student's personality. Ask a partner some of the questions in Ex. 17. Answer your partner's questions and give examples.
e. g. A Do you have a practical approach to life?
В Yеs, I think so. I think I'm quite down-to-earth. I like to make sure things are organised and I don't usually forget things.
Ex.19 Brain-teaser. Find words in this word search grid for describing personality and then use them to complete the sentences on the next page. You will need to use hyphens (-)with three of the adjectives.
| a | s | g | e | n | e | r | o | u | s | h | s | e |
| d | o | w | n | t | o | e | a | r | t | h | e | a |
| a | c | l | f | o | f | l | r | a | g | e | n | s |
| r | i | f | o | r | m | e | r | p | l | e | s | y |
| a | a | s | e | a | n | l | o | y | a | l | i | g |
| d | b | o | s | s | y | a | g | p | a | c | t | o |
| k | l | e | t | o | f | f | a | r | a | z | i | i |
| z | e | l | e | s | t | h | n | a | n | k | v | n |
| c | o | m | p | e | t | i | t | i | v | e | e | g |
| s | e | l | f | c | o | n | f | i | d | e | n | t |
1. I wish Marise wasn't so … I'm tired of her telling us all what to do.
2. Bessie is so …. She always wants to do better than everyone else.
3. Cristina has always been a very …friend to me. I can always rely on her.
4. Nadia's parents are very …. They don't really mind what Nadia and her brother do.
5. I've never met such a … person as Sandy. She loves going out and meeting new people.
6. I find Carlo a bit …. He is always behaving as if he were really important.
7. My sister is very …. She always thinks first about the practical side of life.
8. You really have been too …. I certainly never expected such a lovely gift.
9. Iota is the most...person I know. She really understands how other people feel.
10. Ela is a very … person. She is always sure that she can do things very well.
Ex.20 Decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
Ann Jonson has worked at this college for three years. She is a (1)… teacher, and (2)… on well with the other members of the department. We have all found her to be an excellent (3) …. She has always been (4)… for her lessons, and is an extremely (5)… member of staff who is able to work independently. I can always (6)… on her to organize the end of term play, and she has put on some extremely (7)… productions. Her students often tell me how (8)… she is, always ready with a smile, and she has been very (9)… to many of them. In (10)… she is not very talkative and seems rather (11)… at first, and might not show her true (12)… in an interview. Her work is excellent and she is (13)… to succeed. She is also quite (14)…, and has applied for two other positions as Director of Studies. I think that you can depend (15)… Ann to make your school a success, and I recommend her for the post of Director.
| 1. A) conscientious 2. A) goes 3. A) colleague 4. A) timed 5. A) bossy 6. A) request 7. A) imaginary 8. A) serious 9. A) kind 10. A) first 11. A) sociable 12. A) person 13. A) used 14. A) obedient 15. A) on | B) conscience B) carries B) friend B) late B) responsible B) influence B) imagination B) cheerful B) lively B) times B) shy B) behaviour B) determined B) strict B) at | C) consciousness C) gets C) neighbour C) obligatory C) credulous C) concentrate C) imaginative C) frank C) polite C) periods C) broad-minded C) character C) wanted C) grateful C) for | D) conscious D) likes D) fellow D) punctual D) stubborn D) rely D) imagined D) modest D) witty D) private D) alone D) appearance D) had D) ambitious D) in |
Ex.21 Complete this dialogue using words from the previous exercises.
Alex: How's school going?
Jana: Good. I've made some new friends already.
Alex: I knew you would, you're very (1) ….
Jana: Do you think so? I think of myself as rather (2) ….
Alex: Not at all! You're one of the most (3)… people I know! You never seem to feel anxious. So... what are your teachers like?
Jana: Well, most of them seem pretty (4) … actually. People arrive late for class and they don't say anything at all. It's incredible.
Alex: That must be a big contrast after Mr. Cox. He was so (5) …, wasn't he? One minute late and he'd be angry. What are the other students like?
Jana: Some of them are OK but they all seem very (6) …. Everyone wants to get the best marks. And there's one boy I don't like at all.
Alex: Why not?
Jana: He's really (7) …. He behaves as if he knows more than the teacher and he's always telling everyone how brilliant he is.
Ex.22 How would you describe a person who…
… gives away lots of money?
… is faithful to his friends?
… never buys you a drink?
… easily becomes angry with others?
… believes in his physical and mental abilities?
… never loses his temper?
… understands the feelings of others?
… is easily offended or upset?
… only thinks about himself?
… is always happy?
… believes whatever you tell him?
… is able to say or write clever, amusing things?
… enjoys spending time with other people?
… can be trusted to do sth well, always keeps his word?
… never boasts?
… able to accept what other people say or do even if he disagrees with it? -
… has a strong wish to get what he wants?
… says exactly what he thinks?
… always tells other people what to do?
… is sensible and practical, in a way that is helpful and friendly?
…is able to change to suit new conditions or situations?
… tries very hard to be better than others?
… forgets things because he is thinking about something else?
… is relaxed and happy to accept things without worrying or getting angry?
… thinks about the needs of others and helps them?
… is not sincere, says different things to different people about a particular subject?
… behaves in a proud, unpleasant way, shows little thought for other people?
… is too anxious, always unhappy?
… is not easy to please, is not helpful?
Ex.23 Read the text, use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in space in the same line.
The Perfect Friend
| Because … is one of the few kinds of relationship we have control over, it is an … area of research for sociologists. Although we can’t usually choose our …, bosses or …, we can choose our friends. But how do we choose them, and why is it that we find some people’s … more … than others? We are all looking for similar qualities in our friends, such as …, a good sense of humour and ….. However, what each of us means by “a good sense of humour", for example, is ….. We are all unique, and so the perfect friend for one person may seem a little … to someone else. | FRIEND INTEREST RELATE TEACH PERSON ATTRACT HONEST KIND DIFFER BORE |
Ex 24 What qualities does your friend possess? Who do you consider a friend? Give your own definition of a friend.
e. g. A friend is someone who you trust a lot. A friend is someone who trusts you.
Ex.25 Read the following sayings and comment on them giving examples from your own experience.
Bronwyn Polson: "Whoever says “Friendship is easy” has obviously never had a true friend!"
Charles Caleb Colton: ‘True friendship is like health; the value of it is seldom known until it is lost”.
Czech proverb: “Do not protect yourself by a fence, but rather by your friends”.
Ex.26 Look at the pictures. Which of these people are friends? Why do you think that? How would you call the other people in the pictures?
a. colleagues?
b. acquaintances?
c. friends?
d. family members?
e. strangers?
f. neighbours?
Ex.27 Reading
Tina and Will met when they were both studying at the same university. Twenty years later, a student magazine contacted them and asked them to take part in a survey to find out how many people had stayed friends.
a) 
Look at the photographs of Tina and Will. Do you think the following statements are true or false?
1) Tina and Will had similar interests when they were at university.
2) They chose similar careers when they finished their studies.
3) They have similar lifestyles now.
b) Read what they both say about their friendship and find out if you were right.
Tina. I first met Will when I was looking for someone to share the house I was renting. I put an advertisement in the local student newspaper and he was the one of the people who answered it. When we met, we hit it off straightaway and I told him he could move in.
Living with Will was fun. We soon found out that we had a lot in common and quickly became close friends. We always had really good discussions about everything that was important to us at the time: politics, the environment, literature and other less important things like cooking. We also liked the same music, that’s important when you’re sharing a house. We fell out a couple of times about the housework. Will thinks I’m untidy but I think life’s too short to worry about things like that.
When we graduated, we went our separate ways and since then our lives have been very different. I went back to my home town and got a job as a production assistant for art exhibitions. I like my job because I’m helping young people to get involved in the arts. I’m not earning very much. Will thinks I’m crazy because money is very important to him now, but I get a lot of personal satisfaction from my job. He’s earning a lot of money, but he doesn’t have time to spend with his family and his friends. I don’t see him very often now. When he comes down for the weekend we have a laugh, but our lifestyles are so different now that we don’t have very much to talk about.
Will. Tina and I got on very well together at university. When we first met, we clicked straightaway and we ended up sharing a house for nearly three years. We had the same attitude to the important things in the life and the only thing we argued about was the housework. I’m a Virgo so I’m very tidy whereas Tina’s the opposite. I don’t think she ever found where we kept the vacuum cleaner! When I left university I moved to London and got a job in a finance company. I have to work long hours and I don’t really enjoy what I’m doing but I earn a very good salary. I’m very ambitious and I want to get to the top of my profession. I enjoy spending money on CDs, clothes, a nice car and going out to good restaurants. Tina’s working really hard as well, but she’s not earning much. I don’t understand why she’s doing it. I think she’s having a holiday – it seems very idealistic to me. Anyway, it means that our lifestyles are very different now so we drifted apart. We haven’t fallen out or anything. We still talk on the phone and when I go down to visit her, we have a laugh. I know she’ll always be there for me.
c) Tina and Will use several expressions to talk about their friendship. Complete as many of these expressions as you can from memory.
1) Two expressions that mean “we liked one another immediately”
We clicked….. We hit it ….
2) An expression that means “we had similar interests”. We had …
3) An expression that means “we enjoyed one another’s company”. We…
4) An expression that means “we argued”. We…
5) Two expressions that mean “we became more distant from one another”
We went …….. We……..
6) An expression that means “I know I can count on her when I need a friend” She’ll be…
d) The following is the summary of Tina and Will’s friendship. Put the lines of the summary in the correct order:
() met. They became close
() separate ways and they drifted
() friends and got on
() Tina and Will hit it
() in common. Now they’ve gone their
() off immediately when they first
() out and they say that they are still
() there for one another
() apart. They haven’t fallen
() well together. They had a lot
Ex.28 Reading
a) Five people are talking about their best friends and how they first met them. Read the passages and find out how they met.
A I was playing in the club when I heard of this new talented musician. In my break I walked over to the place where he was performing. I think he was wearing a dark, three-button Italian suit with a black tie. I knocked on the dressing room door to say hello. I was immediately impressed by his open, down-to-earth manner. After that we saw a lot of each other. We both loved sport as well as music. We both came from the north so we had a lot in common. But I think it was his sense of humour that I appreciated most of all.
B He’s more than just a good friend! We first met at a party when I was studying. Ours was an unlikely friendship at first. He was a dreamer and he liked solitary things like reading and cooking. I was much active and sociable and I liked team sports. He was considerate and whenever I got into trouble he was always there for me. He is married with a family but it hasn’t changed our relationship.
C I met her for the first time when I was hiking in Scotland. She was the guide and I was very impressed by her patience and self-confidence when things got difficult. Our friendship grew as we got to know each other better and I came to admire her determination. At the end of the week I invited her to stay at my parents’ home. We have very different personalities: she is a born optimist and extrovert. But that is probably why we got on so well. I haven’t seen her for nearly a year because I live in Spain, but she writes at least once a week.
D That night I was playing very badly and wasn’t feeling very happy. Somebody said he was at the club and wanted to meet me. I was excited because he was quite famous. I remember he was wearing a fashionable black overcoat with a velvet collar when he came into the dressing room. We had a drink together the next day. Later, we even did concerts around the country together. We played golf most mornings, table tennis in the afternoons and music in the evenings. With us it’s like speaking the same language.
E She was a member of a group I was taking in the mountains for a week. I immediately felt she would be a good friend. At that time I was working away from home and was very lonely. She was very kind and we had very similar tastes. I came to rely on her and turn to her for advice. I was often away working and it was marvelous to have a real friend to write to. She was naturally quite shy, so I helped her to meet other people. We don’t see much of each other nowadays because she lives abroad but that has not affected our friendship.
b) Four parts can be paired and one is an odd one. Which one?
c) Paraphrase the underlined parts of the sentences using the words from the text:
1. I often go to her for advice.
2. What I liked most of all was his sense of humour.
3. We completely understand each other.
4. I admired his down-to-earth manner of speaking.
5. We started to meet very often playing either golf or tennis in the mornings and music in the evenings.
6. Though we live in different countries and go our separate ways it didn’t influence on our friendship.
7. We didn’t expectour relations to become friendship.
8. The relationship between us became stronger and stronger.
d) Make the summaries of the friendships.
Ex.29 Talking points
1. Have you made new friends since you entered the faculty of foreign languages?
2. Do you have much in common?
3. Do your friends sometimes annoy you?
4. Are the new friends better than the friends from childhood?
5. Do you think you’ll stay friends for ever?
Ex.30 Reading
a) Read the text about friends and choose the best title for it:
1) A friend in need is a friend indeed.
2) The best friend is a friend from childhood.
3) A small circle of good friends is better than one best friend.
4) E-mail friends are always there for you.
b) Look at the types of friends in each heading (A-D). Can you predict what characteristics each kind of friend might have?
Example: The party partner might be a lively person who likes going out a lot.
A. The Party Partner
There is a time in most children's lives when they have just one 'best friend'. This is the only person they are interested in and the only person they need. But as we get older, most people realise that it's actually much healthier to have a small circle of good friends with different personality types. Firstly, a 'party partner' is essential. You need at least one wild friend who encourages you to do spontaneous things like go to a late night party or buy something really expensive. This kind of friend will put interest back in your life. He or she will make you feel more energetic and relieve a lot of stress.
B. The Workmate
Secondly, you also need a 'workmate'. This friend helps you with your school work or your career. He or she advises you and discusses your progress. If you have a friend like this, you're in luck. This is someone who will help push you, support you and encourage you to do your best. It's a good idea to find someone who is at a similar life stage or a bit older. But don't choose someone who is too competitive. You need someone self-confident and generous for this kind of friend.
C.The Hobby Sharer
Thirdly, one kind of friend who is fun to have is the 'hobby sharer'. This is someone who you have absolutely nothing in common with, except that at the moment you share the same interest or hobby. If you start a new hobby, like going to the gym, it is much more motivating to have someone to go with. This friendship could collapse at any time but is very nice while it lasts. The great thing about this kind of friend is that you can start all sorts of new things with different 'hobby sharer" friends. He or she can help you move on to a new stage in your life.
D. The ‘Tell-anything’ Friend
Finally, almost the opposite of the 'hobby sharer' is the kind of friend known as the 'tell-anything' friend. He or she could also be known as your ‘three-in-the-morning'’ friend. You might never have to wake this friend up because you're in a panic about something, but you know you could. This is perhaps the only friend who you show your worst side to and with whom you can truly be yourself. The key to being a 'tell-anything' friend is that even though you may not agree with your friend, you are always loyal and always on their side. This, after all is what a true friend should be.
c) Which of these friends...
1) …likes to do unplanned things?
2) … is the best for helping with homework?
3) … would help you in a desperate situation?
4) … is generally very different from you?
5) … is usually a lively and active person?
6)