Rapidly, operation, mainly, communication, insertion, electronic, digital, instruction, generally, arithmetic, daily, development, central, lately, visible, substitution, understandable.
Задание №3. Догадайтесь о значении следующих интернациональных слов и словосочетаний:
vacuum tubes, specialized functions, transistor, discrete components, procedure, symbolic, to conserve.
Задание №4. Переведите следующие «цепочки существительных»:
1) an instruction decoder;
2) a current – address register;
3) electronic data processing;
4) data access time;
5) power consumption change;
6) circuit assembly;
7) allocation unit;
8) information security risks managing;
9) geographic information system implementation;
10) Web sphere certification study guide.
Задание №5. Расшифруйте и переведите следующие аббревиатуры:
1) CAD
2) EDI
3) DMA
4) ROM
5) LAN
6) HTML
7) IC
8) VLSI
9) DOS
10) OMR
Задание № 6. Переведите словосочетания, содержащие причастие:
1) devices printing the information;
2) students coding the information by using a binary code;
3) computers performing computations in milliseconds;
4) the vacuum tube controlling and amplifying electronic signals;
5) the written program;
6) wireless adapters installed in your computer;
7) instructions kept in the memory.
Задание № 7. Переведите предложения, содержащие причастие. Укажите форму и залог причастия.
1. When used voltage represents other physical quantities in analog computers.
2. When using a microcomputer you are constantly making choice – to open a file, to close a file, and so on.
3. Data having been entered correctly into the computer component of a data processing system, the need for further manipulation by humans is eliminated.
4. Logical operations performed by a computer are comparing, selecting, sorting and determining.
5. Having limited the information capacity of a single bit to two alternatives the computer designers expressed data by a combination of bits.
6. Having been coded the instruction was transmitted to the central processing unit.
7. Personal computers being used for many purposes, scientists go on improving their characteristics.
Задание № 8. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Programming is the process of preparing a set of coded instructions which enables the computer to solve specific problems or to perform specific functions. The essence of computer programming is the encoding of the program for the computer by means of algorithms. The thing is that any problem is expressed in mathematical terms, it contains formulae, equations and calculations. But the computer cannot manipulate formulae, equations and calculations. Any problem must be specially processed for the computer to understand it, that is – coded or programmed.
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The phase in which the system’s computer programs are written is called the development phase. The programs are lists of instructions that will be followed by the control unit of the central processing unit (CPU). The instructions of the program must be complete and the appropriate sequence, or else the wrong answers will result. To guard against these errors in logic and to document the program’s logical approach, logic plans should be developed.
There are two common techniques for planning the logic of a program. The first technique is flowcharting. A flowchart is a plan in the form of a graphic or pictorial representation that uses predefined symbols to illustrate the program logic. It is, therefore, a “picture” of the logical steps to be performed by the computer. Each of the predefined symbol shapes stands for a general operation. The symbol shape communicates the nature of the general operation, and the specifics are written within the symbol. A plastic or metal guide called a template is used to make drawing the symbols easier.
The second technique for planning program logic is called pseudocode. Pseudocode is an imitation of actual program instructions. It allows a program – like structure without the burden of programming rules to follow. Pseudocode is less time – consuming for the professional programmer than is flowcharting. It also emphasizes a top – down approach to program structure.
Pseudocode has three basic structures: sequence, decision, and looping logic. With these three structures, any required logic can be expressed.
Задание № 9. Ответьте письменно на вопросы к тексту.
1.What is programming?
2.What is the essence of programming?
3.What should be done with the problem before processing by the computer?
4.What is a program?
5.What are instructions?
6.What are the main techniques for planning the program logic?
7.What is a flowchart?
8.What is a template and what is it used for?
9.What do you understand by “pseudocode”?
10.What are the basic structures of pseudocode?
Задание № 10. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.