ИНФИНИТИВ
Запомните случаи, в которых инфинитив употребляется без частицы "to":
• после модальных глаголов;
• после глаголов to let и to make;
• в сложном дополнении после глаголов восприятия: (to see, to hear, to -feel, etc.);
• после выражений: I would rather...
You had better....
Упражнение 1
Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где необходимо.
1. I'd like... dance. 2. She made me... repeat my words several times. 3.I saw him... enter the room. 4. She did not let her mother... go away. 5. Do you like... listen to good music? 6. Would you like... listen to good music? 7. That funny scene made me... laugh. 8. I like... play the guitar. 9. My brother can... speak French. 10. We had... put on our overcoats because it was cold. 11. They wanted... cross the river. 12. It is high time for you... go to bed. 13. May I... use your telephone? 14. They heard the girl... cry out with joy. 15. I would rather... stay at home today. 16. He did not want... play in the yard any more. 17. Would you like... go to England? 18. You look tired. You had better... go home. 19.I wanted... speak to Nick, but could not... find his telephone number. 20. It is time... get up. 21. Let me... help you with your homework. 22. I was planning... do a lot of things yesterday. 23. I'd like... speak to you. 24. I think I shall be able... solve this problem. 25. What makes you... think you are right? 26. I like... dance.
Упражнение 2
Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами.
• E.g. The boy had many toys which he could play with.
The boy had many toys to play with.
1. Here is something which will warm you up. 2. Here is a new brush which you will clean your teeth with. 3. Here are some more facts which will prove that your theory is correct. 4. Here is something which you can rub on your hands. It will soften them. 5. Here are some screws with which you can fasten the shelves to the wall. 6. Here are some tablets which will relieve your headache. 7. Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow. 8. Who has a pen or a pencil to spare? I need something I could write with. 9. I have brought you a book which you can read now, but be sure and return it by Saturday. 10. Soon we found that there was another complicated problem that we were to consider. 11. The girl was quite young when both her parents died and she remained alone with two younger brothers whom she had to take care of. 12. I have no books which I can read. 13. Is there anybody who will help you with your spelling? 14. Don't forget that she has a baby which she must take care of. 15. Have you got nothing that you want to say on this subject? 16. There was nothing that he could do except go home. 17. I have only a few minutes in which I can explain these words to you. 18. I have an examination which I must take soon, so I can't go to the theatre with you. 19. King Lear decided to have a hundred knights who would serve him after he had divided up his kingdom.
Упражнение 3
Замените придаточные предложения инфинитивными оборотами.
• E.g. He is so old that he cannot skate.
He is too old to skate.
1. She has got so fat that she cannot wear this dress now. 2. The accident was so terrible that I don't want to talk about it. 3. They were so empty-headed that they could not learn a single thing. 4. The window was so dirty that they could not see through it. 5. She was so foolish that she could not understand my explanation. 6. I have very little wool: it won't make a sweater. 7. The problem is so difficult that it is impossible to solve it. 8. The box is so heavy that nobody can carry it. 9. The baby is so little that it cannot walk. 10. He is so weak that he cannot lift this weight. 11. She is so busy that she cannot talk with you. 12. She was so inattentive that she did not notice the mistake. 13. The rule was so difficult that they did not understand it. 14. He was so stupid that he did not see the joke.
Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания с инфинитивом:
to cut a long story short — короче говоря
to tell (you) the truth — сказать (вам) по правде
to say nothing of — не говоря уже о
to put it mildly — мягко выражаясь
to say the least of it — по меньшей мере
to begin with — начнем с того что
Запомните следующие предложения:
The book leaves much to be desired. — Книга оставляет желать лучшего.
He is difficult to deal with. — С ним трудно иметь дело.
Не is hard to please. — Ему трудно угодить.
She is pleasant to look at. — На нее приятно смотреть.
Обратите внимание на отсутствие союза "чтобы" перед инфинитивом в роли обстоятельства цели:
То get this book, you Чтобы получить эту книгу,
must go to the library. вы должны пойти в библиотеку.
Запомните следующие предложения:
I have nothing to read. Мне нечего читать.
She has nobody to speak with. Ей не с кем поговорить.
What is to be done? Что делать?
Who is to blame? Кто виноват?
I am not to blame. Я не виноват.
To see is to believe. Видеть значит верить.
He was the first (last) to Он пришел первым
come. (последним).
It is out of the question Нe может быть и речи
to go there. о том, чтобы идти туда.
Упражнение 4
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя застывшие словосочетания с инфинитивом.
1. О том, чтобы купаться в этой реке, не могло быть и речи. 2 Ему было не с кем обсудить эту проблему. 3. Вчера Катя пришла в школу последней. 4. Чтобы получить хорошую оценку, вы должны упорно поработать. 5. С ней трудно иметь дело. 6. Что делать? 7. Начнем с того, что он болен. 8. Чтобы читать Диккенса в оригинале, вы должны хорошо знать язык. 9. Мягко выражаясь, он не прав. 10. Она была не виновата. 11. Ребенку не с кем играть. 12. Видеть значит верить. 13. Чтобы успеть на этот поезд, вы должны поторопиться. 14. Не может быть и речи о покупке машины в этом году. 15. Книга оставляет желать лучшего.
Сравните употребление
Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive
to write — to be written
I am glad to help you — рад помочь (рад, что я помогаю)
I am glad to be helped — рад, что мне помогают
Упражнение 5
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive.
1. То play chess was his greatest pleasure. 2. The child did not like to be washed. 3. Isn't it natural that we like to be praised and don't like to be scolded? 4. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? 5. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. 6. To improve your phonetics you should record yourself and analyze your speech. 7. This is the book to be read during the summer holidays.
Сравните употребление
Indefinite Infinitive и Perfect Infinitive