III. Match the notions with their definitions.

LAND USE

Topical vocabulary:

Text

People use land for different purposes. The science of land use studies how the land is managed, how the natural world is used for human needs.

There are many types of land use.¹ They include recreational, transport, agricultural, residential, forestry, park, industrial, institutional, commercial and other land uses.²

Agricultural land is used for growing crops and breeding livestock. It is the oldest human use of land. All people need food, so it is vital. With increased efficiency, less land and fewer people are needed to produce food. The very first people who gave up hunter-gatherer lifestyles and started farming represent the first case of using land for this purpose.³ The nature of agricultural land depends on the types of crops and agronomic systems.

Residential land is used for construction of residential houses. It is also one of the oldest uses of land. Single-family houses on large or small parcels and blocks of flats built on land can illustrate this land use. The largest residential land uses are associated with cities with large density of human population.

Institutional land uses are mostly associated with land that is occupied by public buildings such as schools, universities, government office buildings, etc. These facilities are mostly located in urban areas.⁴

Industrial land uses are various; they depend on the nature of the industry. ⁵ There are lands where petroleum refineries and the electricity generating stations, etc. are located. These are the examples of urban-industrial land uses. Industrial land use in rural areas can include mines, mills for production of ores and metals, fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas. Large water reservoirs for production of hydroelectricity are also included in this type of land use.

Transport land is used for roads, railroads, subways, or airports. Means of transport are necessary for all other land uses to operate effectively.⁶

Practical Work

I. Translate into Russian.

1) the largest residential land;

2) construction of residential houses;

3) it is vital;

4) the nature of agricultural land;

5) for different purposes;

6) houses on large or small parcels;

7) mills for production of ores and metals;

8) hunter-gatherer lifestyles;

9) examples of urban-industrial land uses;

10) government office buildings.

II. Find English equivalents in the text, corresponding to the Russian words and word-combinations.

1) для нужд человека;

2) первый способ использования земли;

3) с высокой плотностью населения;

4) использование земли для строительства учреждений;

5) такие учреждения, как правило, расположены в городах;

6) зоны, где расположены заводы по переработке нефти;

7) это зависит от вида промышленности;

8) ископаемое топливо, как, например, уголь или природный газ;

9) для производства гидроэлектроэнергии;

10) для эффективного взаимодействия.

III. Match the notions with their definitions.